This dissertation, entitled "Women in the City Policy of Santa Maria in the 1980s: Activism and Trajectory", belonging to the line of research "Culture, Migrations and Work", seeks to highlight a fragment History of female activism in the indicated period, through interviews with women who occupied different spaces of power in politics santa- Marian In this sense, it aims to identify which power spaces were these, which parties, which movements and associations that marked presence, problematizing how their participation in them developed. Also, it is tried to identify that bonds established in the movement of women and what claims and debates proposed in the city. To do so, in the first chapter the reader will be able to visualize the political participation of women in Brazil since the civil-military dictatorship, when the main forms of struggle and debates against it will be identified. In the second chapter, it will be possible to see how women interviewed intervened politically in the city through their individual trajectories and possible connections. Finally, the third chapter should problematize women's activism in essentially masculine spaces, and also how they stood before the debates in the women's movement with their different conceptions of feminism, as well as their memories that marked their activism, related to The issue of women. It should be emphasized that this dissertation was developed with the help of Bolsa Capes-DS. / Esta dissertação, intitulada "Mulheres na Política de Cidade de Santa Maria na década de 1980: Ativismo e Trajetória", pertencente a linha de pesquisa "Cultura, Migrações e Trabalho", busca evidenciar um fragmento da História do ativismo feminino no período indicado, através de entrevistas realizadas com mulheres que ocuparam diferentes espaços de poder na política santa-mariense. Neste sentido, objetiva-se identificar que espaços de poder foram esses, quais partidos, quais movimentos e associações que marcaram presença, problematizando como se desenvolveu a participação delas nos mesmos. Também, procura-se identificar que laços estabeleceram no movimento de mulheres e que reivindicações e debates propuseram na cidade. Para tanto, no primeiro capítulo o leitor poderá visualizar a participação política das mulheres no Brasil desde a ditadura civil-militar, quando será identificada as principais formas de luta e debates que travaram contra ela. No segundo capítulo, será possível perceber como as mulheres entrevistas interviram politicamente na cidade por meio de suas trajetórias individuais e possíveis conexões. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo deverá problematizar o ativismo feminino em espaços essencialmente masculinos e, também, como elas se posicionavam ante os debates no movimento de mulheres com suas diferentes concepções de feminismo, assim como, suas lembranças que marcaram o seu ativismo, relacionada a questão da mulher. Ressalta-se que essa dissertação foi desenvolvida com auxílio de Bolsa Capes-DS.

Although scholars have explored women’s public resistance in occupied cities during the Civil War, few have explored women in occupied New Orleans. Studies have been limited to the rambunctious activities of women in the city streets, armed with sharp tongues. The use of private spaces, specifically religious spaces, as a platform for protest, has not been explored. By analyzing the events surrounding the closure of an uptown church on October of 1862, known as “The Battle of Saint Paul’s,” this thesis will address Confederate female activism and protest to Union occupation in New Orleans. It will do so by examining competing press accounts as well as a song inspired by the event. For its female members, the church was the last community-held space in the city. The women of St. Paul’s fought Union control of the only public space that afforded them a degree of autonomy within occupied New Orleans.

Dans l’histoire religieuse des États-Unis, la féminisation des dénominations protestantes a constitué un processus long et progressif. Cette féminisation a été caractérisée par la participation croissante des femmes dans les institutions religieuses, en tant que fidèles mais aussi en tant que leaders religieux. Bien que l’islam soit considéré comme une religion minoritaire récemment transplantée aux États-Unis, des indices tendent à montrer qu’à l’instar d’autres religions transplantées dans ce pays, comme le judaïsme réformé et le bouddhisme, les institutions islamo-américaines connaissent un processus de féminisation. L’émergence d’une théologie féministe islamique depuis les années 1970, communément appelée « féminisme islamique », et le développement d’un militantisme de terrain, plus particulièrement depuis les attentats du 11 septembre 2001, ont contribué à la féminisation de l’islam. Les militantes musulmanes américaines revendiquent une visibilité dans l’espace public et dans le champ religieux islamo-américain. Quels sont leurs revendications, leurs défis et leurs stratégies ? Quels sont les facteurs internes et externes qui ont conduit à la visibilité croissante des femmes et la focalisation autour de la problématique féminine au sein de l’islam américain ? Comment, de façon concrète, la participation croissante des femmes transforme-t-elle les institutions islamo-américaines, les croyances et les pratiques ? Voici certaines des questions que nous soulevons dans notre thèse. Les résultats sont notamment basés sur une étude qualitative exploratoire (entretiens semi-directif et observations participantes). Nous mobilisons également les données d’une étude quantitative sur l’inclusion des femmes au sein de l’espace cultuel publiée en 2013, afin de mettre l’accent sur les transformations du champ religieux islamo-américain. / In American religious history, the feminization of Protestant denominations has been a long and gradual process. This feminization has been characterized by the increasing participation of women within religious institutions, not only as worshippers but also as religious leaders. Although Islam is considered to be a newly transplanted minority religion in the United-States, there are indicators revealing that, like many other transplanted religions in the United States, such as Reform Judaïsm and Buddhism, Muslim religious institutions are undergoing a process of feminization. These indicators have included the development of an Islamic feminist theology since the 1970s onwards, commonly called "Islamic feminism", and the emergence of a religious grass-root activism, more significantly since the 9/11 attacks. American Muslim women activists claim visibility in the public sphere and within the US Islamic religious landscape. What are their demands, challenges and strategies ? What are the internal and external factors that have led up to the growing visibility of women and women's issues in American Islam ? How specifically has the increased role of women affected American-Islamic institutions, beliefs or practices ? Those are some of the questions we raise in our thesisThe results are based on a fieldwork (semi-directive interviews and participant observation). We also use the data of a report on the inclusion of women within the American mosque published in 2013. The transformations linked to the increasing women’s participation in the mosque are emphasized.