Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-01-06T13:13:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 igorchagasmonteiro.pdf: 1365277 bytes, checksum: fb725b7cc31032f5780dce0174d70178 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-01-31T11:28:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 igorchagasmonteiro.pdf: 1365277 bytes, checksum: fb725b7cc31032f5780dce0174d70178 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T11:28:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 igorchagasmonteiro.pdf: 1365277 bytes, checksum: fb725b7cc31032f5780dce0174d70178 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Inúmeras barreiras culturais e de gênero, além daquelas relacionadas às formas de ascensão profissional, delimitam as experiências das mulheres na arbitragem no futebol brasileiro. Nesse sentido, destacamos como objetivo deste estudo descrever a trajetória de árbitras de futebol profissional no Brasil, analisando seus processos de inserção, permanência, ascensão na carreira e aposentadoria. Para tal organizou-se um estudo de abordagem qualitativa e do tipo descritivo. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se da técnica de entrevista, realizada com dez árbitras de futebol atuantes nas décadas de 1980, 1990 e 2000. A análise dos dados seguiu a técnica da análise de conteúdo, de acordo com Bardin. As vias de acesso para a arbitragem foram a família e a experiência esportiva, e a visibilidade de mulheres na arbitragem foi fundamental para o ingresso das novas árbitras a partir dos anos 2000. As participantes do estudo atuaram em importantes competições nacionais e internacionais e o encerramento de suas carreiras foi motivado por lesões. Concluímos que as árbitras das décadas de 1980 e 1990, ao se inserirem na arbitragem, quebraram barreiras, superaram inúmeras dificuldades no campo da arbitragem e contribuíram para consolidar a atuação das mulheres como árbitras. / A lot of difficulties – such as cultural and gender barriers, as well as those related to career building – limit women experience in soccer. The aim of this study is to describe the history of Brazilian professional football referees and analyze the processes of inclusion, permanence, career advancement and retirement of women referees in Brazilian professional soccer. To achieve our purpose, we conducted a qualitative and descriptive research. Data was collected through interviews conducted with ten women soccer referees acting in the years 1980, 1990 and 2000. For data analysis we adopted Bardin´s content analysis technique. Access routes to arbitration were family and sports experience. The visibility of women in arbitration was essential for the entry of new referees in the 2000s. The study participants were active in major national and international competitions, and the end of their careers was motivated by injuries. We conclude that the referees of the 1980s and 1990s, when inserted in the refereeing, broke down barriers, overcame numerous difficulties in the field of refereeing and contributed to consolidating the role of women as referees.

Cette recherche en sociologie du genre vise à comprendre la rareté de femmes arbitres à la Fédération Malgache de Volley-Ball (FMVB). Elle a pour problématique l'articulation entre pratiques professionnelles d'arbitrage et normes des identités sexuées de la société malgache. Faute de travaux existant portant sur genre et sport à Madagascar, la démarche procède d'une enquête exploratoire. L'approche institutionnelle et statistique met en évidence un double plafond de verre, bloquant la formation des femmes à l'arbitrage, puis leur promotion de carrière. L'approche qualitative interroge sur ces faits des arbitres femmes (8) et des cadres ou dirigeants sportifs (17 dont 14 hommes) par entretien, des volleyeuses de Tananarive (222) par questionnaire. Toutes les réponses convergent sur les faits mais les interprétations divergent : les arbitres femmes dénoncent des procédés discriminatoires et la domination masculine qu'elles affrontent ; les dirigeants légitiment leur gestion en se prévalant des normes et valeurs patriarcales de la société malgache ; d'autres cadres hommes se dissocient de ces positions et d'autres Fédérations favorisent l'arbitrage féminin, jusqu'à l’international. Les réponses des volleyeuses viennent prouver leur disponibilité pour le sport, expriment en majorité une conception égalitaire de l'arbitrage et un quart déclarent souhaiter devenir arbitre. Bien que la fin des discriminations de la gestion arbitrale à la FMVB semble dépendre de rapports de pouvoir internes, l'enquête montre l'émergence de mobilités de genre dans le milieu sportif malgache, les femmes arbitres y ayant notamment conquis de nouvelles prérogatives publiques et démocratiques. / This research in the field of sociology of gender aims at understanding the rarity of female referees in the Malagasy Federation of Volleyball (MFVB). The issue concerns the link between the professional practice of arbitration and the norms of sexual identities in the Malagasy society. Due to the lack of existing work on gender and sport in Madagascar, our approach proceeds from an exploratory investigation. The institutional and statistical approach reveals the existence of a double glass ceiling, blocking women's arbitration training, and then, their career promotion. Interviews were conducted, in a qualitative approach, with female referees (8), leaders or managers (17 with 14 men), and a questionnaire was filled in by female volleyball players from Antananarivo (222). All answers point towards the facts but the interpretations vary: the female referees denounce discriminatory processes and the male domination they are facing, leaders legitimize their management practice, relying on the patriarchal norms and values of the Malagasy society, while other male managers do not abide by these positions and other federations promote female arbitration on an international scale. The female volleyball players' responses prove that they are available for the sport and generally express an egalitarian conception of arbitration, a quarter of the women even said they would like to become referee. Although the end of discrimination in the arbitral management of the MFVB seems to depend on internal power relations, the survey shows the emergence of gender mobility in the Malagasy sport community, women referees have actually conquered new public and democratic prerogatives.