Zugl.: Diss.

Thesis--Erlangen-Nürnberg. / Bibliography: p. 361-363. List of E. Wolf-Ferrari's works: p. 357-360.

Thèse--Méd.--Paris, 1899. / Contient un choix de textes de Giammatteo Ferrari Da Grado. Bibliogr. p. 267-290.

Diss.--Berlin--Freie Universität, 1998. / Bibliogr. p. 337-392. Index.

Abstract Taiwan is a potential area for selling super sport cars. In 2008, the year of financial crisis, the volume of sales in Taiwan is not only didn¡¦t descend but also rose 20~30%, even present multiple growth. It shows that the purchasing power of Taiwanese rich is astonishing, besides it can also be attributed to many brands which establish sole agent in Taiwan for the last few years, the sale and the after-sales service would be a guarantee to Taiwanese customers, so that it attract many potential consumers appear and purchase. This research focus on comparing the differences of sales strategy of the two super sport cars brands- Ferrari and Bentley in Taiwan. The product price of these two brands is over NT ten millions dollars, but their brand images are different, so their target market and sale strategies are different, either. The goal of this research is that comparing the target markets and sale combination to know these two brands how to operate and plan their sale strategy. The research analysis shows that their sales strategies are similar (especially pricing strategy, channel strategy), except for the promotion strategies, that is because of their different brand images. Key words: Ferrari, Bentley, sale strategy, target market, sale combination.

Studien “ Red Bull och Ferrari – konkurrenterna från olika branscher” ämnar studera energidryckesföretaget Red Bulls kommunikation i kommersiella sammanhang inom motorsporten formel 1 komparativt med formel 1-konkurrenten Ferrari. Red Bull har varit dominerande inom sporten under en lång tid jämsides med bland annat Ferrari. Red Bull och Ferraris engagemang inom formel 1 kommer med en hel del intressanta forskningsfrågor. Studiens skribenter upplevde ett forskningsområde som extra intressant, som handlar om hur Red Bull kommunicerar ut sitt varumärke visuellt i jämförelse med formel 1-laget Ferrari, eftersom båda tillhör den absoluta eliten inom sporten. Genom en metod bestående av en visuell retorisk analys genomfördes en studie där Red Bulls varumärkeskommunikation inom formel 1 jämfördes med Ferraris dito. Ferrari är en av Red Bulls huvudkonkurrenter inom formel 1 och därför ämnar studien jämföra de två olika företagens strategi inom marknadskommunikation. Olika strategier analyseras, jämförs och diskuteras för att ge läsaren en så tydlig bild som möjligt av likheter och olikheter mellan företagens strategier med en stabil teoretisk grund. Studiens resultat visar på flera olikheter mellan företagens visuella kommunikation. Red Bull använder retoriska verktyg för att stärka sitt varumärke genom att framhäva sina förare och sitt lag när de har åstadkommit sportsligt bra resultat. Ferraris användning av visuell retorik är mer centrerat kring att stärka sitt varumärke genom att framhäva deras produkter och deras kompetens inom biltillverkning med hjälp av deras deltagande i formel 1. / The study “Red Bull and Ferrari – the competitors from different industries” aims to study the energy drink company Red Bull's communication in commercial contexts within Formula 1 in comparison with their Formula 1 competitor Ferrari. Red Bull has been a dominating force in the sport for a long time alongside Ferrari, among others. Red Bull’s and Ferrari’s activities regarding Formula 1 raises some interest scientific questions. The study's writers found an area of ​​research particularly interesting, which concerns how Red Bull communicates its brand in comparison with the Formula 1 team Ferrari, with the fact in mind that the companies belong to the absolute elite in the sport. Through a method consisting of visual rhetorical analysis a study was conducted where Red Bull's advertising strategy in formula 1 was compared with Ferrari's within formula 1. Ferrari is one of Red Bull's main competitors in Formula 1 and therefore the study intends to compare the two different companies' strategy in marketing communication. Different strategies are analyzed, compared, and discussed to give the reader as clear a picture as possible of the similarities and differences between the companies' strategies with a stable theoretical basis. The result of the study shows several differences between the companies' visual communication. Red Bull uses rhetorical tools to strengthen their brand through highlighting their driver and their teams when they have achieved positive results in terms of sporting results. Ferrari’s use of visual rhetoric is more centered around strengthening their brand through highlighting their products and their competence within car manufacturing through the aid of their participation in formula 1.

O estudo da distribuição de pragas em espaço e tempo em sistemas agrícolas fornece informação importante sobre os mecanismos de dispersão das espécies e sua interação com fatores ambientais. Esse tipo de estudos também é de muita ajuda no desenvolvimento de planos de amostragem, na otimização de programas de manejo integrado de pragas e no planejamento de experimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar vários modelos hierárquicos na modelagem da variação espaço-temporal da infestação da broca do café visando produzir mapas de risco da infestação que descrevam adequadamente o processo de infestação. Foram usadas diferentes combinações de efeitos aleatórios representando variabilidade não estruturada, com diferentes escolhas de distribuições a priori para os parâmetros e os hiperparâmetros dos modelos. Foram também usados diferentes esquemas de vizinhança para representar a correlação espacial dos dados. O ajuste dos modelos foi feito usando métodos MCMC. A estatística deviance e funções de perda quadrática foram usadas para a comparação entre modelos. Os resultados são apresentados como uma seqüência de mapas de risco de infestação. / Study of agricultural pests distribution in space and time provides important information about the species dispersion mechanisms and its interaction with environmental factors. It also helps the development of sampling plans, the integrated pest management and planning of experiments. The aim of this work was to compare several hierarchical models in modelling the spatio-temporal variation of the coffee berry borer infestation in order to produce risk maps. Different combinations of random effects representing spatially structured and unstructured variability were used, with different prior distributions for the parameters and hyperparameters. Also different neighbourhood schemes were used to represent the spatial correlation of the data. The model fitting was done using MCMC methods and deviance and squared loss function were used for the comparison between models. The results are presented as a sequence of risk maps.

Submitted by Nathália Faria da Silva (nathaliafsilva.ufv@gmail.com) on 2017-07-18T11:48:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.PDF: 1456284 bytes, checksum: 6f5cb8752ccf248f8fafab70e593e553 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T11:48:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.PDF: 1456284 bytes, checksum: 6f5cb8752ccf248f8fafab70e593e553 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-07-18 / A broca-do-café, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae), é considerada como uma espécie que provoca perdas econômicas em lavouras de café. Para seu controle ectoparasitóides biológico, têm sido utilizados, entre outros organismos, os larvais Cephalonomia stephanoderis (Betrem) (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) e Prorops nasuta (Waterston) (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). No entanto, apesar da ação desses parasitóides, a broca-do-café continúa sendo considerada como a principal praga das lavouras de café nos países produtores de café do mundo. Em 1990 foi registrado Phymastichus coffea (La Salle) (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), como um endoparasitóide de adultos da broca-do-café com potencial para controlar as populações dessa praga. No entanto, devido à insuficiencia de dados que permitam comparar o potencial de P. coffea com o de C. stephanoderis e P. nasuta para reduzir populações da broca-do-café, foram objetivos do presente trabalho, i) avaliar em condições de laboratório, a taxa líquida de incremento natural (rm) desses três parasitóides e da broca-do-café, em função de diferentes temperaturas e umidades relativas do ar, e, ii) quantificar em condições semicontroladas de campo, a duração do ciclo de vida e as taxas de parasitismo de P. coffea em cafezais com diferente altitude. A proposta consistiu em explicar como pode ser afetado o sucesso técnico desses parasitóides, quando atuam sobre eles, algumas variáveis ecológicas presentes em campo (temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, e, altitude). Em condições de laboratório, os diferentes valores de umidade relativa não afetaram as taxas de crescimento populacional das espécies estudadas, mas, quando considerados os diferentes valores de temperatura, os parasitóides C. stephanoderis e P. nasuta apresentaram uma taxa de crescimento populacional mais baixa que a de P. coffea, na faixa térmica compreendida entre 12 e 28°C. Segundo os resultados de laboratório, P. coffea se apresenta como o parasitóide com maior potencial para o controle biológico da broca-do-café em cafezais localizados numa ampla faixa térmica. No entanto, quando avaliadas as taxas de parasitismo de P. coffea em condições de campo, estas diminuiram quando diminuia a altitude onde se localiza a lavoura. Foi evidenciado e quantificado a infecção espontânea e natural do fungo entomopatogênico Beauveria bassiana sobre adultos da broca-do-café previamente parasitados pelo P. coffea. Ainda, estas infecções estiveram inversamente relacionadas com a diminuição gradativa do número de adultos da broca-do-café parasitados por P. coffea. Finalmente, numa análise teórica, são consideradas além das variáveis avaliadas no presente trabalho, outras que poderiam explicar hipotéticamente, o insucesso técnico de parasitóides em geral, e dos parasitóides da broca-do-café em particular. / The coffee borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae), is considered a species that causes economic losses in coffee crops. To its biological control larvae ectoparasitoids have been used, among other organisms, such as Cephalonomia stephanoderis (Betrem) (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) and Prorops nasuta (Waterston) (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). Despite the action of these parasitoids, however, the coffee borer continues to be considered as the main pest of coffee crops in the coffee producer countries in the World. In 1990, the coffee borer adult endoparasitoid Phymasticus coffea (La Salle) (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) has been registered and considered as potential controller of populations of coffee borer. Because data allowing to compare the potential of P. coffea, C. stephanoderis and P. nasuta in reducing borer coffee populations are scarce, this work aimed: i) to evaluate in laboratory conditions the net rate of natural increase (rm) of these three parasitoids and of the coffee borer, varying the temperature and air moisture, and ii) quantify in semi-controlled field conditions the life cycle duration and parasitism rates of P. coffea in coffee plantations in different altitudes. The proposal consisted in explaining how the technical success of such parasitoids may be affected by ecological variables that are present in field conditions (temperature, air moisture and altitude). In laboratory conditions the different values of air moisture did not affect populations increase rates of studied species, but temperature affected C. stephanoderis and P. nasuta, which presented a smaller population increase rate than P. coffea in the range of 12 and 28°C. According to laboratory results, P. coffea is the parasitoid with larger potential use in biological control in coffee crops located in an ample temperature range. However, when P. coffea parasitism rates were evaluated in field conditions, they decrease with altitude decrease. The spontaneous and natural infection by the entomopatogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana on previously parasitized coffee borer adults was evidenced and quantified. Such infections were inversely related to decrease of adult number in the coffee borer adults parasitized by P. coffea. Finally, in a theoretical analysis, several other variables, besides those evaluated in the present work, are considered to the hypothetical explanation of the technical lack of success of parasitoids in general, and of the coffee borer parasitoids in particular.

O estudo da distribuição de pragas em espaço e tempo em sistemas agrícolas fornece informação importante sobre os mecanismos de dispersão das espécies e sua interação com fatores ambientais. Esse tipo de estudos também é de muita ajuda no desenvolvimento de planos de amostragem, na otimização de programas de manejo integrado de pragas e no planejamento de experimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar vários modelos hierárquicos na modelagem da variação espaço-temporal da infestação da broca do café visando produzir mapas de risco da infestação que descrevam adequadamente o processo de infestação. Foram usadas diferentes combinações de efeitos aleatórios representando variabilidade não estruturada, com diferentes escolhas de distribuições a priori para os parâmetros e os hiperparâmetros dos modelos. Foram também usados diferentes esquemas de vizinhança para representar a correlação espacial dos dados. O ajuste dos modelos foi feito usando métodos MCMC. A estatística deviance e funções de perda quadrática foram usadas para a comparação entre modelos. Os resultados são apresentados como uma seqüência de mapas de risco de infestação. / Study of agricultural pests distribution in space and time provides important information about the species dispersion mechanisms and its interaction with environmental factors. It also helps the development of sampling plans, the integrated pest management and planning of experiments. The aim of this work was to compare several hierarchical models in modelling the spatio-temporal variation of the coffee berry borer infestation in order to produce risk maps. Different combinations of random effects representing spatially structured and unstructured variability were used, with different prior distributions for the parameters and hyperparameters. Also different neighbourhood schemes were used to represent the spatial correlation of the data. The model fitting was done using MCMC methods and deviance and squared loss function were used for the comparison between models. The results are presented as a sequence of risk maps.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre comment Luc Ferrari construit l'hétérogénéité de sa musique. Le compositeur conçoit la création comme un espace dans lequel, d'après ses mots, des idées qui n’ont pas « fatalement de liens entre elles » se rencontrent. L’œuvre devient alors un espace de cohabitation, de frottement, dans lequel d’autres composantes partagent l’espace avec « la musique », au sens étroit du terme. Avec les propositions lieu, récit et expériences, il sera question de tentatives pour caractériser ces composantes autres qui constituent l’hétérogène ferrarien. Dans la première partie, « musique et lieu », nous voyons comment les œuvres deviennent, par moments, des lieux. Des espaces réels, extérieurs, en rapport à un vécu. Á ce propos nous analyserons Hétérozygote. Dans la deuxième partie, « musique et récit », nous étudions l’importance que le compositeur donne à la narration dans ses œuvres, partant de sons anecdotiques jusqu’à l’évolution générale de scénarios. Avec l’analyse de Far-West News, nous mesurons comment Luc Ferrari construit des œuvres qui s’appuient tout autant sur une forme musicale que sur le développement des histoires. Enfin, avec la troisième partie « musique et expériences », nous voulons faire référence à une confluence de vécus : les anecdotes présentées par Luc Ferrari résonnent dans le vécu des auditeurs, qui déversent leurs expériences au sein des œuvres. Par l’expression de son vécu, Luc Ferrari appelle et travaille avec ces expériences subjectives des auditeurs, qui partagent aussi l’espace des œuvres. L’œuvre à analyser dans cette partie est Chantal, ou le portrait d’une villageoise. / The objective of this thesis is to understand how Luc Ferrari builds the heterogeneity of his music. The composer conceives creation as a space in which, according to his words, ideas that do not “necessarily have links between them” meet each other. Pieces then become a space of cohabitation, of friction, in which other components share space with "music", in the narrow sense. The propositions “place, story and experiences” are attempts to characterize these others components that constitute the heterogeneous of Ferrari’s music. In the first part, "music and place," we see how pieces become, at times, places. Real spaces, externals, in relation to a lived experience. In this part we will analyse Hétérozygote. In the second part, "music and story", we study the importance that composer give to the narrative in his work, starting from the sons anecdotiques to the general evolution of scenarios. With the analysis of Far-West News, we measure how Luc Ferrari’s works rely as much on musicals forms as on the development of stories. Finally, with the third part, "music and experiences", we want to refer to a confluence of experiences: the anecdote of the composer resonates in the experience of the listeners, who dump their experiences into the pieces. Through the expression of his experience, Luc Ferrari calls and works with these subjective experiences of listeners, who will also share the spaces of works. To explain this idea, we will analyse Chantal, ou le portrait d’une villageoise.