This thesis is divided into four sections. The first chapter deals with Mamlūk historiography and its major characteristics, alongside an examination of the life al' Aynī's, who was one of the most prominent historians of the period. Special attention is paid to his professions, masters, students as well as his numerous works. Chapter two, on the other hand, focuses on the copies of 'Iqd al-jumān fi tārīkh ahl al-zamān, mentioning the published volumes that covered most of the Ayyūbid and Mamlūk eras. The rest of this chapter deals with the methodology used in the edition of Volume eleven (431-520/1040-1126) as well as demonstrating its importance and sources. Chapter three presents an edition of the Arabic text of Volume eleven. Chapter four is a separate volume, which initially deals with the life and works of the historian Muḥammad b. 'Abd al-Malik al-Hamadhānī. The rest of chapter examines the historical fragments from his lost historical book, called 'Unwān al-siyar fī maḥāsin ahl al-Badū wa'-l Ḥaḍr, also known as Al-Ma'ārif al-muta'akhkhira: these fragments are to be found in Volume eleven of the 'Iqd al-jumān. At the end of this chapter, the Arabic text is reconstructed and its biographical materials, are reorganised in alphabetical order.

Based upon feminist organized women's experiences of resistance and political acting space, this study investigates what is possible to say and do (and not do), as well as which issues can be politicized (and which cannot) in the Swedish municipal policy. More specifically it analyzes in which spaces women face resistance, who are expressing it, and how it is manifested. Moreover, it discusses which political content that can be formulated, politicized, and implemented in the local political area. It is based on interviews with representatives from the political party Feminist initiative, and builds on previous research on resistance against women's extra-parliamentary political organizing. Previous research has suggested that the organization in itself evokes resistance. Nevertheless, this study shows that it is the political content, rather than the organizing, that arouses resistance. The combination of women who organize themselves as women and runs an anti-racist policy seems to be the most provocative. This thesis also shows that it is possible to politicize gender issues – unless they are not labeled as feminist issues. The concept of “gender equality” can be used, but not “feminism”. There are opportunities to talk about equality if it is formulated in terms of gender neutrality and equal treatment. It is possible to talk about gender when it comes to gender equality, but it is not allowed to permeate other policy areas. And concrete policy proposals can be formulated, unless the political discussion is not conducted at a more visionary and ideological level. While there are policies which can be implemented on condition that they are not formulated in feminist terms, there are also policies which could be expressed, but subsequently will not be implemented due to opposition from the administration.

No description available.

Esta tese analisa aplicações de transmissão de voz e vídeo sobre redes Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11). Os principais problemas observados foram a maior incidência de tráfegos em rajada e os problemas associados à execução de handoffs. Foram propostos algoritmos adaptativos para monitorar e contornar esses problemas. / This thesis examines applications for transmitting voice and video over Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11). The main problems observed were the higher incidence of bursty traffic and disconnection during handoffs. Adaptive algorithms have been proposed to monitor and work around these problems.

This thesis aims to map the life and artistic directions of Ludek Pesek, one of the founders of Space art (Cosmic realism). For us, Pesek is an unknown artist, because he lived and worked in Switzerland for over thirty years. Ludek Pesek (*1919, Czechoslovakia, 1999, Switzerland) was a significant painter, illustrator, writer and photographer. He graduated the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague and he was a member of the Association of Czech artists, from where he was expelled in 1971 along with other artists who after the Soviet intervention in 1968 remained outside the territory of Czechoslovakia. Firstly I am going to analyze paintings from the collections of South Bohemian Gallery and also from other galleries in the Czech Republic mainly Triptycha, Mars and others. Pesek's surreal compositions will then going to follow. In conclusion Im going to create the overall stylistic characterization of Pesek art, using the analysis of Czech art and his creations in exile. At the same time I will laid down the basis that will lead to the creation of a complete biography in the future, that which will cover all stages of Pesek's career.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-23T12:35:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leila Friedrich.pdf: 945666 bytes, checksum: 6bd01ba22dfd6b6e880b4f9a131adaee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-23T12:35:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leila Friedrich.pdf: 945666 bytes, checksum: 6bd01ba22dfd6b6e880b4f9a131adaee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / As tubulações de aço carbono, para a produção e transporte de produtos químicos, apresentam limitações como resistência à ação da corrosão, sob ação do calor, causando desgaste. Por esse motivo se faz o uso de revestimentos que reduzem o contato da superfície com o meio corrosivo. No entanto, os revestimentos usados para o escoamento de fluídos têm ainda que apresentar uma menor interação com a superfície, uma menor tensão interfacial. Uma grande aplicação destes revestimentos é em dutos de petróleo, devido às obstruções ocasionadas à medida que o óleo escoa através do duto, pois este perde calor para o meio e conseqüentemente se dá à deposição de compostos parafínicos. Análises destes revestimentos com a técnica PLF-FI são de suma importância para avaliar a tensão interfacial dinâmica, pois esta técnica difere das tradicionais para a caracterização da superfície, por ser um método não destrutível e dinâmico. Para a confecção das amostras alguns tempos e temperaturas de cura foram aplicados. Neste presente trabalho, avaliamos quais as superfícies apresentam menor molhabilidade sob condições de fluxo com a superfície, visando um menor número de ocorrências de obstruções das tubulações e paradas para manutenções. Os valores de polarização máxima são verificados para as amostras curadas numa faixa de temperatura entre 120°C a 140°C e tempos de 6 a 10 horas, e sendo estes as variáveis de processo mais indicadas para a produção em alta escala. O presente trabalho foi organizado em 5 capítulos, apresentando-se no Capítulo 1 uma introdução do estudo realizado para a otimização do processo de cura em resinas epóxi modificada com agentes de cura a base de amina. No capítulo 2, apresenta-se uma revisão das tubulações, resina epóxi, a composição, e a cura dos revestimentos. No 12 capítulo 3, revisam-se as técnicas de análises e descrevem-se todas as técnicas experimentais realizadas. No capítulo 4, discutem-se os resultados adquiridos pelas técnicas utilizadas. No capítulo 5, relatam-se as conclusões deste trabalho. / Salvador

This thesis consists of two parts ? theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is focused on the topics of beautiful book ? i.e. bibliophilia, artist?s book, illustration, and overall literary art. The basis for the practical part of this thesis is figure and work, namely ?The Day of the Triffids? by John Wyndham, as well as meaning and place of science fiction in the world of art. The practical part consists of set of illustrations, a cover design and a typographical solution of the book ?The Day of the Triffids? The aim of this work was to create a book, which could be classified as valuable literature, not only by its contents, but by its appearance as well.

Grâce à l’émergence dans la vie quotidienne des appareils de plus en plus populaires que sont les smartphones et les tablettes, la tâche de postionner l'utilisateur par le biais de son téléphone est une problématique fortement étudiée dans les domaines non seulement de la recherche mais également des communautés industrielles. Parmi ces technologies, les approches GPS sont devenues une norme et ont beaucoup de succès pour une localisation en environnement extérieur. Par contre, le Wi-Fi, les capteurs inertiels et le Bluetooth sont plutôt préférés pour les tâches de positionnement dans un environnement intérieur.Pour ce qui concerne le positionnement des smartphones, les approches basées sur les « empreintes digitales » (fingerprint) Wi-Fi sont bien établies. D'une manière générale, ces approches tentent d'apprendre la fonction de correspondance (cartographie) des caractéristiques du signal Wi-Fi par rapport à la position de l’appareil dans le monde réel. Elles nécessitent généralement une grande quantité de données pour obtenir une bonne cartographie. Lorsque ces données d'entraînement disponibles sont limitées, l'approche basée sur les empreintes digitales montre alors des taux d’erreurs élevés et devient moins stable. Dans nos travaux, nous explorons d’autres approches, différentes, pour faire face à cette problématique du manque de données d'entraînement. Toutes ces méthodes sont testées sur un ensemble de données public qui est utilisé lors d’une compétition internationale à la Conférence IPIN 2016.En plus du système de positionnement basé sur la technologie Wi-Fi, les capteurs inertiels du smartphone sont également utiles pour la tâche de suivi. Les trois types de capteurs, qui sont les accéléromètres, le gyroscope et la boussole magnétique, peuvent être utilisés pour suivre l'étape et la direction de l'utilisateur (méthode SHS). Le nombre d'étapes et la distance de déplacement de l'utilisateur sont calculés en utilisant les données de l'accéléromètre. La position de l'utilisateur est calculée par trois types de données avec trois méthodes comprenant la matrice de rotation, le filtre complémentaire et le filtre de Madgwick. Il est raisonnable de combiner les sorties SHS avec les sorties de Wi-Fi, car les deux technologies sont présentes dans les smartphones et se complètent. Deux approches combinées sont testées. La première approche consiste à utiliser directement les sorties Wi-Fi comme points de pivot pour la fixation de la partie de suivi SHS. Dans la deuxième approche, nous comptons sur le signal Wi-Fi pour construire un modèle d'observation, qui est ensuite intégré à l'étape d'approximation du filtre à particules. Ces combinaisons montrent une amélioration significative par rapport au suivi SHS ou au suivi Wi-Fi uniquement.Dans un contexte multiutilisateur, la technologie Bluetooth du smartphone pourrait fournir une distance approximative entre les utilisateurs. La distance relative est calculée à partir du processus de numérisation du périphérique Bluetooth. Elle est ensuite utilisée pour améliorer la sortie des modèles de positionnement Wi-Fi. Nous étudions deux méthodes. La première vise à créer une fonction d'erreur qui permet de modéliser le bruit dans la sortie Wi-Fi et la distance approximative produite par le Bluetooth pour chaque intervalle de temps spécifié. La seconde méthode considère par contre cette relation temporelle et la contrainte de mouvement lorsque l'utilisateur se déplace. Le modèle d'observation du filtre à particules est une combinaison entre les données Wi-Fi et les données Bluetooth. Les deux approches sont testées en fonction de données réelles, qui incluent jusqu'à quatre utilisateurs différents qui se déplacent dans un bureau. Alors que la première approche n'est applicable que dans certains scénarios spécifiques, la deuxième approche montre une amélioration significative par rapport aux résultats de position basés uniquement sur le modèle d'empreintes digitales Wi-Fi. / With the popularity of smartphones and tablets in daily life, the task of finding user’s position through their phone gains much attention from both the research and industry communities. Technologies integrated in smartphones such as GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and camera are all capable for building a positioning system. Among those technologies, GPS has approaches have become a standard and achieved much success for the outdoor environment. Meanwhile, Wi-Fi, inertial sensors and Bluetooth are more preferred for positioning task in indoor environment.For smartphone positioning, Wi-Fi fingerprinting based approaches are well established within the field. Generally speaking, the approaches attempt to learn the mapping function from Wi-Fi signal characteristics to the real world position. They usually require a good amount of data for finding a good mapping. When the available training data is limited, the fingerprinting-based approach has high errors and becomes less stable. In our works, we want to explore different approaches of Wi-Fi fingerprinting methods for dealing with a lacking in training data. Based on the performance of the individual approaches, several ensemble strategies are proposed to improve the overall positioning performance. All the proposed methods are tested against a published dataset, which is used as the competition data of the IPIN 2016 Conference with offsite track (track 3).Besides the positioning system based on Wi-Fi technology, the smartphone’s inertial sensors are also useful for the tracking task. The three types of sensors, which are accelerate, gyroscope and magnetic, can be employed to create a Step-And-Heading (SHS) system. Several methods are tested in our approaches. The number of steps and user’s moving distance are calculated from the accelerometer data. The user’s heading is calculated from the three types of data with three methods, including rotation matrix, Complimentary Filter and Madgwick Filter. It is reasonable to combine SHS outputs with the outputs from Wi-Fi due to both technologies are present in the smartphone. Two combination approaches are tested. The first approach is to use directly the Wi-Fi outputs as pivot points for fixing the SHS tracking part. In the second approach, we rely on the Wi-Fi signal to build an observation model, which is then integrated into the particle filter approximation step. The combining paths have a significant improvement from the SHS tracking only and the Wi-Fi only. Although, SHS tracking with Wi-Fi fingerprinting improvement achieves promising results, it has a number of limitations such as requiring additional sensors calibration efforts and restriction on smartphone handling positions.In the context of multiple users, Bluetooth technology on the smartphone could provide the approximated distance between users. The relative distance is calculated from the Bluetooth inquiry process. It is then used to improve the output from Wi-Fi positioning models. We study two different combination methods. The first method aims to build an error function which is possible to model the noise in the Wi-Fi output and Bluetooth approximated distance for each specific time interval. It ignores the temporal relationship between successive Wi-Fi outputs. Position adjustments are then computed by minimizing the error function. The second method considers the temporal relationship and the movement constraint when the user moves around the area. The tracking step are carried out by using particle filter. The observation model of the particle filter are a combination between the Wi-Fi data and Bluetooth data. Both approaches are tested against real data, which include up to four different users moving in an office environment. While the first approach is only applicable in some specific scenarios, the second approach has a significant improvement from the position output based on Wi-Fi fingerprinting model only.

Submitted by Fernando Souza (fernandoafsou@gmail.com) on 2017-08-16T11:08:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 14592184 bytes, checksum: e1af48f8997b6af87f0fc91dd6d4a697 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-16T11:08:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 14592184 bytes, checksum: e1af48f8997b6af87f0fc91dd6d4a697 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31 / One of the most important aspects concerning the implementation of a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is that in an area covered by several Access Points (APs), there must exist mechanisms to keep the user connected at any time, regardless of his/her physical location in the network and, primarily, ensure that the applications do not suffer from loss of connectivity. In this context, handoff performance, which consists of changing the AP as the station moves within the same area, is a preponderant factor when it comes to applications that are delay-sensitive. The process is usually started by the stations that once disconnected from an AP, start scanning the existing channels searching for other available APs in a smooth fashion, but in the order of seconds, which makes it difficult to use real-time applications. The challenge is to create a more efficient mechanism to manage this process, providing the required Quality of Service (QoS) for the applications. This work presents the use of mechanisms to improve the performance of the handoff process by employing an approach based on the a Software DefinedWireless Network (SDWN), which was implemented to validate the proposal. The tests performed showed a decrease in the time spent in the handoff, contributing to guarantee the QoS of the applications. / Um dos aspectos mais importantes na implantação de uma rede local sem fio Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) é que em uma área coberta por vários Access Points (APs), devem existir mecanismos que sejam suficientes para que o usuário possa se manter conectado a qualquer hora independentemente de sua localização física dentro da rede e, principalmente, garantir que as aplicações não sofram com falhas ou perdas de conexão. Neste contexto, o desempenho do handoff, que consiste na troca de AP à medida que uma estação se move dentro de uma mesma área, é fator determinante para o uso de aplicações sensíveis ao atraso. Normalmente o processo é iniciado pelas estações, que ao se desconectarem de um AP iniciam uma varredura nos canais existentes buscando outros APs disponíveis de forma suave, porém na ordem de segundos, o que dificulta o uso de aplicações em tempo real. O desafio é criar um mecanismo mais eficiente para gerenciar este processo provendo a Qualidade de Serviço (QoS) necessária para as aplicações. Este trabalho apresenta uma solução denominada Detection and dIScovery Control in Handoff (DISpatCH) que utiliza mecanismos para melhorar o desempenho do processo de handoff utilizando uma abordagem baseada na arquitetura Software Defined Wireless Network (SDWN) os quais foram implementados para validar a proposta. Testes realizados demonstraram uma diminuição no tempo gasto no handoff contribuindo para garantir o QoS das aplicações.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosGM_DISSERT.pdf: 4338321 bytes, checksum: 5834ff97d013cae154b31036fbc6dbe6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-29 / Even living in the XXI century are still some difficulties in access to broadband Internet in several Brazilian cities, due to the purchasing power of people and lack of government investment. But even with these difficulties, we seek to encourage the use of wireless technology, which is based on the IEEE 802.11b protocol - also known as Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) Wireless Fidelity Communications, having wide range of commercial applications in the world market, nationally and internationally. In Brazil, this technology is in full operation in major cities and has proved attractive in relation to the access point to multipoint and point-to-point. This paper is a comparative analysis of prediction field, using models based on the prediction of propagation loss. To validate the techniques used here, the Okumura-Hata models, modified Okumura-Hata, Walfisch-Ikegami model, were applied to a wireless computer network, located in the neighborhood of Cajupiranga in the city of Melbourn, in Rio Grande do Norte . They are used for networking wireless 802.11b, using the Mobile Radio to measure signal levels, beyond the heights of the antennas and distances from the transmitter. The performance data versus distance are added to the graphs generated and compared with results obtained through calculations of propagation models / Mesmo vivendo em pleno s?culo XXI ainda encontram-se dificuldades no acesso ? internet banda larga nos diversos munic?pios brasileiros, em decorr?ncia do poder aquisitivo dos habitantes bem como falta de investimento do governo. A tecnologia das redes de acesso sem fio baseadas no protocolo IEEE 802.11b - tamb?m denominada de Wi Fi, (Wireless Fidelity) Fidelidade em Comunica??es sem Fio, possui larga gama de aplica??es atualmente no mercado mundial comercial, nacional e internacional. No Brasil, esta tecnologia encontra-se em plena opera??o nas principais cidades e tem-se mostrado atrativa no que concerne aos acessos ponto multiponto e ponto-a-ponto. Neste trabalho s?o elaborados, uma an?lise comparativa de predi??o de campo, e analisados modelos de predi??o das perdas de propaga??o, Modelo Okumura-Hata, Lee, Modelo de Ikegami-Walfisch, para uma rede de computadores sem fio, no bairro de Cajupiranga e no Centro, no munic?pio de Parnamirim, no Rio Grande do Norte. S?o usados equipamentos de redes sem fio do padr?o 802.11b, analisador de espectro, onde os n?veis de sinais s?o medidos, al?m das alturas das antenas e das dist?ncias em rela??o ao transmissor. Os dados de pot?ncia versus dist?ncia s?o adicionados nos gr?ficos gerados e comparados com os resultados obtidos