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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Effiziente Technologien zur Herstellung von endlosfaserverstärkten, schmierungsfreien Antriebs- und Förderketten / Efficient technologies for the production of endless fiber-reinforced and lubrication-free chains for drive or conveying systems

Bankwitz, Hagen 17 January 2018 (has links) (PDF)
Im Beitrag sind Überlegungen hinsichtlich der optimalen Geometrie des Kettengliedes dargestellt. Daraus wurde ein Innenglied mit zwei gewickelten Einlegern entwickelt. Das äußere Kettenglied entspricht dem einer Rollenkette. Die Geometrie der Einleger wurde mithilfe der FEM optimiert, sodass durch zwei Einleger aus Glasfaser die Dehnung auf ca. 57% bzw. für Kohlefaser auf ca. 39% reduziert werden konnte. / The article presents considerations regarding the optimal geometry of chain links. From this, an inner link with two wound inserts was developed. The outer chain link corresponds to that of a roller chain. The geometry of the inserts was optimized by a FEM analysis. With two inserts it is possible to reduce the elongation to approx. 57% (glass fiber) and approx. 39% (carbon fiber).
12

Electrospun sulfonated poly(ether ketone) nanofibers as proton conductive reinforcement for durable Nafion composite membranes

Klose, Carolin, Breitwieser, Matthias, Vierrath, Severin, Klingele, Matthias, Cho, Hyeongrae, Büchler, Andreas, Kerres, Jochen, Thiele, Simon 27 October 2020 (has links)
We show that the combination of direct membrane deposition with proton conductive nanofiber reinforcement yields highly durable and high power density fuel cells. Sulfonated poly(ether ketone) (SPEK) was directly electrospun onto gas diffusion electrodes and then filled with Nafion by inkjet-printing resulting in a 12 μm thin membrane. The ionic membrane resistance (30 mΩ*cm2) was well below that of a directly deposited membrane reinforced with chemically inert (PVDF-HFP) nanofibers (47 mΩ*cm2) of comparable thickness. The power density of the fuel cell with SPEK reinforced membrane (2.04 W/cm2) is 30% higher than that of the PVDF-HFP reinforced reference sample (1.57 W/cm2). During humidity cycling and open circuit voltage (OCV) hold, the SPEK reinforced Nafion membrane showed no measurable degradation in terms of H2 crossover current density, thus fulfilling the target of 2 mA/cm2 of the DOE after degradation. The chemical accelerated stress test (100 h OCV hold at 90 °C, 30% RH, H2/air, 50/50 kPa) revealed a degradation rate of about 0.8 mV/h for the fuel cell with SPEK reinforced membrane, compared to 1.0 mV/h for the PVDF-HFP reinforced membrane.
13

Design, Fabrication and Testing of Fiber-Reinforced Cellular Structures with Tensegrity Behavior using 3D Printed Sand Molds

Jorapur, Nikhil Sudhindrarao 15 February 2017 (has links)
The overall goal of this work is to improve the structural performance of cellular structures in bending applications by incorporating tensegrity behavior using long continuous fibers. The designs are inspired by the hierarchical cellular structure composition present in pomelo fruit and the structural behavior of tensegrity structures. A design method for analyzing and predicting the behavior of the structures is presented. A novel manufacturing method is developed to produce the cellular structures with tensegrity behavior through the combination additive manufacturing and metal casting techniques. Tensegrity structures provide high stiffness to mass ratio with all the comprising elements experiencing either tension or compression. This research investigates the possibility of integrating tensegrity behavior with cellular structure mechanics and provides a design procedure in this process. The placement of fibers in an octet cellular structure was determined such that tensegrity behavior was achieved. Furthermore, using finite element analysis the bending performance was evaluated and the influence of fibers was measured using the models. The overall decrease in bending stress was 66.6 %. Extending this analysis, a design strategy was established to help designers in selecting fiber diameter based on the dimensions and material properties such that the deflection of the overall structure can be controlled. This research looks to Additive Manufacturing (AM) as a means to introduce tensegrity behavior in cellular structures. By combining Binder Jetting and metal casting a controlled reliable process is shown to produce aluminum octet-cellular structures with embedded fibers. 3D-printed sand molds embedded with long continuous fibers were used for metal casting. The fabricated structures were then subjected to 4 point bending tests to evaluate the effects of tensegrity behavior on the cellular mechanics. Through this fabrication and testing process, this work addresses the gap of evaluating the performance of tensegrity behavior. The overall strength increase by 30%. The simulation and experimental results were then compared to show the predictability of this process with errors of 2% for octet structures without fibers and 6% for octet structures with fibers. / Master of Science
14

Simulation numérique de la fabrication de composites à renfort fibreux 3D par le procédé d'infusion / Numerical simulation of composites forming with 3D fiber reinforcement by Liquid Resin Infusion

Li, Chen 04 October 2018 (has links)
La fabrication des pièces composites structurales aéronautiques nécessite l'utilisation de renforts complexes et notamment des renforts tridimensionnels. Le procédé d'infusion permettrait la fabrication de ces pièces tout en maîtrisant leur qualité et les coûts. L'objectif de la thèse est de développer un modèle, à différentes échelles, de l'écoulement de résine à travers le réseau fibreux du renfort et de proposer une simulation numérique plus fine du procédé d'infusion. L'influence des structures de renfort 2D et 3D, sera ainsi étudié aux différentes échelles : micro (intra-mèches), méso (inter-mèches)et macro(renfort, pièce). / The manufacture of composite aeronautical structural parts requires the use of more complex reinforcements, especially the 3D reinforcements. Resin infusion is the key process of Liquid Composites Molding (LCM) which will determine the quality and cost of the parts. The target of this thesis is to develop models at different scales of fibrous network of the reinforcement and to propose a finer numerical simulation of the infusion process. The influence of the 2D and 3D reinforcement structures on the infusion process will be studied at the different scales: micro (intra-tow), meso (inter-tows) and macro (reinforcement, part).
15

Avaliação do comportamento mecânico de um solo arenoso fino laterítico reforçado com fibras para uso em pavimentação / Evaluation of the mechanic behavior of fiber reinforcement in a fine sandy lateritic soil applies in pavement layers

Paulo Roberto Reschetti Junior 16 February 2009 (has links)
O objetivo do estudo apresentado nesta dissertação é avaliar a influência da inserção de fibras curtas, dispostas aleatoriamente, nas resistências à compressão e tração, na deformabilidade e no módulo de resiliência de um solo arenoso fino laterítico (SAFL) visando sua utilização na base de pavimentos. Foram estudadas fibras de vidro e de polipropileno. A primeira foi adicionada nos teores de 0,5%, 1,0% e 1,5% com comprimentos de 13 mm e 24 mm, já para a segunda, utilizaram-se os teores de 0,2%, 0,4% e 0,6% com comprimentos de 12 mm e 30 mm. O ensaio de compactação resultou em pouca variação da umidade ótima e leve decréscimo da massa específica máxima para as duas fibras. Para se determinar o comportamento mecânico do solo e dos compósitos, realizaram-se ensaios de compressão simples, compressão diametral e compressão triaxial cíclico. Previamente à realização destes ensaios, os corpos-de-prova eram mantidos ao ar durante um dia e posteriormente em câmara úmida, selados, durante dois dias. Esta condição procura aproximar a situação de laboratório às condições de campo. Ensaios complementares na umidade ótima de compactação foram realizados com algumas misturas. Para os ensaios de compressão simples, observou-se que a adição de fibra de polipropileno não influencia a tensão de ruptura, aumenta a deformação de ruptura e diminui o módulo tangente inicial e máximo. Já a adição da fibra de vidro, reduz a tensão de ruptura, aumenta a deformação de ruptura e diminui o módulo tangente inicial e máximo. No caso dos ensaios de compressão diametral, não houve alteração na resistência para a fibra de vidro, enquanto que para a fibra de polipropileno, observa-se um ganho de resistência para os teores mais elevados de fibra. Foram calibrados quatro modelos para representação do módulo de resiliência com o estado de tensão, sendo que o modelo composto foi aquele que apresentou melhor desempenho. Resultados de uma simulação numérica de um pavimento constituído com base de SAFL mostraram que a inclusão de fibras, em qualquer das condições acarreta em diminuição do módulo de resiliência. Finalmente conclui-se que, nas condições e com os materiais utilizados, o emprego de fibras não seria indicado para o reforço de SAFL destinado à base de pavimento. / The propose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the randomly distributed fiber reinforcement in the compression and tension resistances, deformability and resilient modulus of a fine sandy lateritic soil (FSLS) for base layer of pavements. Glass fibers and polypropylene fibers were studied. The first was added in contents of 0,5%, 1,0% and 1,5% with lengths of 13 mm and 24 mm. For the second, the contents of 0,2%, 0,4% and 0,6% were used with lengths of 12 mm and 30 mm. The compaction tests show slight variation of optimum moisture content and a decrease of the maximum dry unit weight for both fibers. Unconfined compression tests, brazilian tension tests and cyclic triaxial compression tests were carried out to determine the mechanic behavior of the soil and composite materials. The samples were dried in ambient condition for 24 hours and than wrapped up in film paper and stored for 48 hours in humid camera to homogenize the humidity. This procedure was adopted intending to simulate the constructive process adopted in pavement with lateritic soil bases. With some mixtures, complementary tests in the optimum moisture content were carried out. For the unconfined compression tests, the reinforcement with polypropylene fiber did not influence in the rupture tension, increased the rupture deformation and decreased the initial and maximum tangent modulus. The glass fiber reduced the rupture tension, increased the rupture deformation and decreased the initial and maximum tangent modulus. In the diametrical compression tests, there was not any alteration for the resistance adding the glass fiber, while for the polypropylene fiber there was an increase of the resistance for highest fiber contents. Four models were used to represent the resilient modulus behavior with relationship to the tensions state, and, between those, the compost model had the best performance. A simulation of a pavement composed with FSLS bases show that adding fibers, in any condition, the resilient modulus decrease. Finally, concluded that, with the conditions and materials used I this research, the fiber reinforcement would not be indicated for a FSLS apply in a base layer of pavement.
16

Avaliação do comportamento mecânico de um solo arenoso fino laterítico reforçado com fibras para uso em pavimentação / Evaluation of the mechanic behavior of fiber reinforcement in a fine sandy lateritic soil applies in pavement layers

Reschetti Junior, Paulo Roberto 16 February 2009 (has links)
O objetivo do estudo apresentado nesta dissertação é avaliar a influência da inserção de fibras curtas, dispostas aleatoriamente, nas resistências à compressão e tração, na deformabilidade e no módulo de resiliência de um solo arenoso fino laterítico (SAFL) visando sua utilização na base de pavimentos. Foram estudadas fibras de vidro e de polipropileno. A primeira foi adicionada nos teores de 0,5%, 1,0% e 1,5% com comprimentos de 13 mm e 24 mm, já para a segunda, utilizaram-se os teores de 0,2%, 0,4% e 0,6% com comprimentos de 12 mm e 30 mm. O ensaio de compactação resultou em pouca variação da umidade ótima e leve decréscimo da massa específica máxima para as duas fibras. Para se determinar o comportamento mecânico do solo e dos compósitos, realizaram-se ensaios de compressão simples, compressão diametral e compressão triaxial cíclico. Previamente à realização destes ensaios, os corpos-de-prova eram mantidos ao ar durante um dia e posteriormente em câmara úmida, selados, durante dois dias. Esta condição procura aproximar a situação de laboratório às condições de campo. Ensaios complementares na umidade ótima de compactação foram realizados com algumas misturas. Para os ensaios de compressão simples, observou-se que a adição de fibra de polipropileno não influencia a tensão de ruptura, aumenta a deformação de ruptura e diminui o módulo tangente inicial e máximo. Já a adição da fibra de vidro, reduz a tensão de ruptura, aumenta a deformação de ruptura e diminui o módulo tangente inicial e máximo. No caso dos ensaios de compressão diametral, não houve alteração na resistência para a fibra de vidro, enquanto que para a fibra de polipropileno, observa-se um ganho de resistência para os teores mais elevados de fibra. Foram calibrados quatro modelos para representação do módulo de resiliência com o estado de tensão, sendo que o modelo composto foi aquele que apresentou melhor desempenho. Resultados de uma simulação numérica de um pavimento constituído com base de SAFL mostraram que a inclusão de fibras, em qualquer das condições acarreta em diminuição do módulo de resiliência. Finalmente conclui-se que, nas condições e com os materiais utilizados, o emprego de fibras não seria indicado para o reforço de SAFL destinado à base de pavimento. / The propose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the randomly distributed fiber reinforcement in the compression and tension resistances, deformability and resilient modulus of a fine sandy lateritic soil (FSLS) for base layer of pavements. Glass fibers and polypropylene fibers were studied. The first was added in contents of 0,5%, 1,0% and 1,5% with lengths of 13 mm and 24 mm. For the second, the contents of 0,2%, 0,4% and 0,6% were used with lengths of 12 mm and 30 mm. The compaction tests show slight variation of optimum moisture content and a decrease of the maximum dry unit weight for both fibers. Unconfined compression tests, brazilian tension tests and cyclic triaxial compression tests were carried out to determine the mechanic behavior of the soil and composite materials. The samples were dried in ambient condition for 24 hours and than wrapped up in film paper and stored for 48 hours in humid camera to homogenize the humidity. This procedure was adopted intending to simulate the constructive process adopted in pavement with lateritic soil bases. With some mixtures, complementary tests in the optimum moisture content were carried out. For the unconfined compression tests, the reinforcement with polypropylene fiber did not influence in the rupture tension, increased the rupture deformation and decreased the initial and maximum tangent modulus. The glass fiber reduced the rupture tension, increased the rupture deformation and decreased the initial and maximum tangent modulus. In the diametrical compression tests, there was not any alteration for the resistance adding the glass fiber, while for the polypropylene fiber there was an increase of the resistance for highest fiber contents. Four models were used to represent the resilient modulus behavior with relationship to the tensions state, and, between those, the compost model had the best performance. A simulation of a pavement composed with FSLS bases show that adding fibers, in any condition, the resilient modulus decrease. Finally, concluded that, with the conditions and materials used I this research, the fiber reinforcement would not be indicated for a FSLS apply in a base layer of pavement.
17

Polypropylenfibers effekt på betongkrympning / The effect of polypropylene fibers on concrete shrinkage

Regnér, Carl, Fagerberg, Marcus January 2021 (has links)
Detta examensarbete är ett samarbete med Peab och deras dotterbolag Swerock. Idén som lagtgrunden till denna rapport är att undersöka vilken effekt inblandning av polypropylen har påtvå utvalda betongsammansättningar som används som anläggningsbetong med högexponeringsklass. De två utvalda betongsammansättningarna är dels en konventionellanläggningsbetong med hög exponeringsklass (benämns ”standardbetong” i denna studie) samten motsvarande variant med SweRocks nylanserande ”Eko-betong”. I eko-betongen har en delav cementen ersatts med masugnsslagg (restprodukt från stålindustrin) för att minimerautsläppen av koldioxid vid tillverkning av cementen. Syftet med detta examensarbete är attbehandla och undersöka huruvida inblandning av polypropylenfiber med olika doseringarpåverkar krympningen för anläggningsbetong. Målet med studien är att öka kunskapen omkrympning i anläggningsbetong. Frågeställningarna som beaktas i denna rapport innefattarsåledes hur de två specifika anläggningsbetongrecepten påverkas vid två olika doseringar avpolypropylen med avseende på krympning. Metoden för att kunna besvara frågeställningarnahar uteslutande varit insamling av empiri som i sin tur har möjliggjorts genom att gjutabetongprovkroppar av dessa två recept med olika doseringar av polypropylen. Totalt göts tolvstycken provkroppar fördelat på sex provkroppar per betongrecept. Vidare göts två provkropparper betongrecept och dosering av polypropylen. Provkropparna mättes och vägdes vid tiotillfällen under en period på ca 35 dagar och resultatet på krympningen för respektivebetongsammansättning blev ca: 1,3% utan polypropylen, 0,6% med normaldosering avpolypropylen och 1,4% för dubbelnormaldosering av polypropylen. Teoretiska värden påkrympningen för båda betongrecept beräknades fram med hjälp av modeller från Eurocode 2:Dimensionering av betongkonstruktioner och Betonghandboken: Material. De faktiska värdenasom mättes upp blev ca 20 gånger större än de teoretiska värdena för respektive betong.Viktiga felkällor som tas upp och behandlas i denna rapport är okontrollerade temperatur- ochfuktförhållanden vid förvaring av provkropparna, risken för felmätningar vid mättillfällena,varje provkropps unika betongsammansättning med mera. Betongsammansättningen i varjeenskild provkropp behandlas särskilt då en provkropp kan ha betydligt mer ballast(stenmaterial) än annan vilket i sin tur resulterar i en mindre uppmätt krympning. Därmedbedöms det att studien hade behövt ett större antal provkroppar av varje betongrecept för att påså sätt minska omfattningen av felkällor och erhålla ett mer tillförlitligt resultat. Dock visar deresultat som erhölls i denna studie på att polypropylen kan medföra en minskad krympning förde recept där polypropylen använts kontra de recept där polypropylen inte använts samt att ekobetongenkrymper generellt sätt mindre än standardbetongen. Dock går det inte att se någottydligt gemensamt samband mellan de två olika betongtyperna om huruvida en enkel- ellerdubbeldosering av polypropylen i betongen medför en mindre krympning än den andra utanendast att polypropylen medför en minskad krympning. Slutsatserna och svaren påfrågeställningarna blir således för denna studie är att inblandning av polypropylen medför engenerellt minskad krympning för båda anläggningsbetongrecepten men inget samband sompåvisar att dubbeldosering av polypropylen medför ytterligare krympningsminskning än vad ennormaldosering medför. / This thesis is a collaboration with Peab and their subsidiary Swerock. The idea behind thisreport is to investigate the effect of blending polypropylene on two selected concretecompositions used as construction concrete with a high exposure class. The two selectedconcrete compositions are partly a conventional construction concrete with a high exposureclass (referred to as "standard concrete" in this study) and a corresponding variant withSweRock's newly launched "Eko-betong". In eko-betong, part of the cement has been replacedwith blast furnace slag (residual product from the steel industry) to minimize carbon dioxideemissions during the production of the cement. The purpose of this thesis is to treat andinvestigate whether admixture of polypropylene fibers with different dosages affects theshrinkage of construction concrete. The aim of the study is to increase knowledge aboutshrinkage in fixed concrete. The issues considered in this report thus include how the twospecific construction concrete recipes are affected at two different dosages of polypropylenewith respect to shrinkage. The method for being able to answer the questions has exclusivelybeen the collection of empirical data, which in turn has been made possible by casting concretesamples of these two recipes with different dosages of polypropylene. A total of twelve testspecimens were cast, divided into six test specimens per concrete recipe. Furthermore, two testspecimens were cast per concrete recipe and dosage of polypropylene. The specimens weremeasured and weighed on ten occasions over a period of about 35 days and the result of theshrinkage for each concrete composition was about: 1.3% without polypropylene, 0.6% withnormal polypropylene dosing and 1.4% for double normal polypropylene dosing. Theoreticalvalues for the shrinkage for both concrete recipes were calculated using models from Eurocode2: Dimensioning of concrete structures and the Concrete Handbook: Materials. The actualvalues measured were about 20 times greater than the theoretical values for each concrete.Important sources of error that are addressed and treated in this report are uncontrolledtemperature and humidity conditions when storing the specimens, the risk of erroneousmeasurements at the time of measurement, the unique concrete composition of each specimenand more. The concrete composition in each individual specimen is treated especially as onespecimen may have significantly more aggregate (stone material) than another, which in turnresults in a less measured shrinkage. Thus, it is judged that the study would have needed a largernumber of specimens of each concrete recipe in order to reduce the extent of sources of errorand obtain a more reliable result. However, the results obtained in this study show thatpolypropylene can lead to a reduced shrinkage for the recipes where polypropylene has beenused versus the recipes where polypropylene has not been used and that the eco-concretegenerally shrinks less than the standard concrete. However, it is not possible to see any clearcommon connection between the two different types of concrete as to whether a single or doubledosing of polypropylene in the concrete causes a smaller shrinkage than the other, but only thatpolypropylene causes a reduced shrinkage. The conclusions and answers to the questions thusbecome for this study are that admixture of polypropylene entails a generally reduced shrinkagefor both fixed concrete recipes, but no connection that shows that double dosing ofpolypropylene entails further reduction of shrinkage than a normal dosing entails.
18

Propriedades mecânicas do gesso de alto desempenho / Mechanical properties of high strength gypsum

Kanno, Wellington Massayuki 24 February 2010 (has links)
O método Umedecimento, Compactação e Secagem (UCOS) (1, 2, 3) produz, a partir de gesso e água, um material de elevada resistência mecânica: até 90 MPa na compressão. Este trabalho apresenta o estudo do comportamento mecânico deste material e como a água, a temperatura, as impurezas e a microestrutura influenciam no seu comportamento. Durante o estudo da adesão intercristalina, foi encontrada presença de água confinada e que é responsável por grande parte da resistência mecânica. Para auxiliar o estudo, foi desenvolvido outro método: Empacotamento Direto do Dihidrato (EDD). Nesta metodologia, é produzido um material com a mesma resistência, porém com algumas diferenças no comportamento mecânico diferente. Através da elevada resistência mecânica alcançada pelos métodos UCOS e EDD, as aplicações do gesso podem ser ampliadas desde que o gesso conformado por tais métodos possuam confiabilidade e segurança. Para avaliar as propriedades mecânicas, a confiabilidade e a segurança de tal material, realizou-se o estudo dos mecanismos tenacificadores e da mecânica da fratura. Os mecanismos tenacificadores estudados neste trabalho são: controle da microestrutura (aumento da superfície de ruptura), introdução de fibras poliméricas (distribuição da tensão na ponta da trinca, ramificação da ponta da trinca e contenção da abertura da trinca) e introdução de adesivo polimérico (melhora a adesão entre cristais e distribui melhor a tensão na ponta da trinca). Os resultados mostram que os compósitos de gesso reforçados com fibras poliméricas e/ou adesivo polimérico possuem elevada resistência e comportamentos mecânicos distintos para cada tipo de compósito e método de conformação. Concluímos que, com o conhecimento adquirido, é possível intervir no processamento e na microestrutura, além de poder incorporar elementos a esse material para atender às condições de uma determinada aplicação / The humidification, compaction and drying (Umedecimento, Compactação e Secagem UCOS) (1, 2, 3) method produces a high strength material from plaster and water: up to 90 MPa in compression. This work presents the study of mechanical properties of this material and how water, temperature, impurity and microstructure influence in its behavior. During the study of the intercrystalline adhesion force, we found the presence of confined water and that it accounts for great part of the strength. In order to aid the study, another method was developed: Direct Packaging of the Dihydrate (Empacotamento Direto do Dihidrato EDD). In this methodology, it produces a material with the same resistance, but with some difference in the mechanical behavior. Through the high strength reached by the UCOS and EDD methods, the plaster applications can be extended, since the set material by these methods are reliable and safe. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties, the reliability and the safety of these pieces, we performed the study of the fracture mechanics and the fracture toughening mechanisms. In this work, the studied toughening are: microstructure control (enlargement of the fracture surface), polymeric fiber reinforcement (tension distribution on the fracture tip, fracture tip deflection, and fiber bridging), and polymer adhesive reinforcement (they enhance the adhesion between crystals and better distribute the tension on the fracture tip). The results show that the plaster composites of polymeric fibers and/or polymer adhesive have high resistance, and different mechanical behaviors for each type of composite and setting method. Based on the acquired knowledge, we conclude that it is possible to interfere on the processing and on the microstructure, as well as reinforcements in this material to satisfy the needs of a specific application
19

Propriedades mecânicas do gesso de alto desempenho / Mechanical properties of high strength gypsum

Wellington Massayuki Kanno 24 February 2010 (has links)
O método Umedecimento, Compactação e Secagem (UCOS) (1, 2, 3) produz, a partir de gesso e água, um material de elevada resistência mecânica: até 90 MPa na compressão. Este trabalho apresenta o estudo do comportamento mecânico deste material e como a água, a temperatura, as impurezas e a microestrutura influenciam no seu comportamento. Durante o estudo da adesão intercristalina, foi encontrada presença de água confinada e que é responsável por grande parte da resistência mecânica. Para auxiliar o estudo, foi desenvolvido outro método: Empacotamento Direto do Dihidrato (EDD). Nesta metodologia, é produzido um material com a mesma resistência, porém com algumas diferenças no comportamento mecânico diferente. Através da elevada resistência mecânica alcançada pelos métodos UCOS e EDD, as aplicações do gesso podem ser ampliadas desde que o gesso conformado por tais métodos possuam confiabilidade e segurança. Para avaliar as propriedades mecânicas, a confiabilidade e a segurança de tal material, realizou-se o estudo dos mecanismos tenacificadores e da mecânica da fratura. Os mecanismos tenacificadores estudados neste trabalho são: controle da microestrutura (aumento da superfície de ruptura), introdução de fibras poliméricas (distribuição da tensão na ponta da trinca, ramificação da ponta da trinca e contenção da abertura da trinca) e introdução de adesivo polimérico (melhora a adesão entre cristais e distribui melhor a tensão na ponta da trinca). Os resultados mostram que os compósitos de gesso reforçados com fibras poliméricas e/ou adesivo polimérico possuem elevada resistência e comportamentos mecânicos distintos para cada tipo de compósito e método de conformação. Concluímos que, com o conhecimento adquirido, é possível intervir no processamento e na microestrutura, além de poder incorporar elementos a esse material para atender às condições de uma determinada aplicação / The humidification, compaction and drying (Umedecimento, Compactação e Secagem UCOS) (1, 2, 3) method produces a high strength material from plaster and water: up to 90 MPa in compression. This work presents the study of mechanical properties of this material and how water, temperature, impurity and microstructure influence in its behavior. During the study of the intercrystalline adhesion force, we found the presence of confined water and that it accounts for great part of the strength. In order to aid the study, another method was developed: Direct Packaging of the Dihydrate (Empacotamento Direto do Dihidrato EDD). In this methodology, it produces a material with the same resistance, but with some difference in the mechanical behavior. Through the high strength reached by the UCOS and EDD methods, the plaster applications can be extended, since the set material by these methods are reliable and safe. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties, the reliability and the safety of these pieces, we performed the study of the fracture mechanics and the fracture toughening mechanisms. In this work, the studied toughening are: microstructure control (enlargement of the fracture surface), polymeric fiber reinforcement (tension distribution on the fracture tip, fracture tip deflection, and fiber bridging), and polymer adhesive reinforcement (they enhance the adhesion between crystals and better distribute the tension on the fracture tip). The results show that the plaster composites of polymeric fibers and/or polymer adhesive have high resistance, and different mechanical behaviors for each type of composite and setting method. Based on the acquired knowledge, we conclude that it is possible to interfere on the processing and on the microstructure, as well as reinforcements in this material to satisfy the needs of a specific application
20

Caracterização de concreto reforçado com fibras pela técnica de microtomografia computadorizada por transmissão de raios X / Characterization of fiber reinforced concrete by the technique of computed microtomography X ray transmission

Átila Sala Bourguignon 05 August 2011 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nesta dissertação de Mestrado do programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Materiais é apresentado um estudo para a caracterização do concreto reforçado com fibras de polipropileno e de aço pela análise das imagens de microtomografia computadorizada por transmissão de raios X (μCT). Foram produzidos corpos de prova de concreto para determinar a sua resistência mecânica à compressão. As imagens foram obtidas no sistema Skyscan, modelo 1174, reconstruídas e analisadas. Foi possível observar na análise das imagens a estrutura da fibra de aço dispersa na matriz do concreto e quantificá-las pelo programa de análise de imagens Ctan e perceber um ganho na resistência mecânica em relação ao concreto sem fibras. Não foi feito a quantificação das amostras de fibras de polipropileno dispersas na matriz de concreto, mas foi observada a presença de aglomerados dessa fibra que resultaram na perda da resistência mecânica em relação ao concreto sem fibras. / In this dissertation Masters Program Graduate in Science and Technology of Materials is presented a study for characterization of concrete reinforced with polypropylene fibers and steel by image analysis of computed microtomography X ray transmission (μCT). Concrete samples were produced to determine their mechanical resistance to compression. The images were obtained in the SkyScan model 1174, reconstructed and analyzed. It was possible, in image analysis, to observe the structure of steel fiber dispersed in the concrete matrix and quantify them by image analysis program Ctan and observed a gain in strength compared to concrete fiber less. The quantification was not did to samples of polypropylene fibers dispersed in the matrix of concrete, but we observed the presence of clusters fibers resulting in the loss of mechanical strength compared to concrete fiber less.

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