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Fabricação e caracterização de guias de onda para amplificadores ópticos curtos com vidros germano-teluritos / Production and characterization of waveguides short for optical amplifiers with germane-tellurite glassesGarcia Rivera, Victor Anthony 19 August 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Luiz Carlos Barbosa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T20:34:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Neste trabalho de pesquisa, reporto a fabricação e caracterização de vidros germano-telurito para amplificadores ópticos curtos. Estes são fabricados em guias de onda planar e canal pela técnica de troca iônica e fibra em vidro, dopados com altas concentrações de íons de Er3+ cuja composição é: 75TeO2 ¿ 2GeO2 ¿ (10+x)Na2O ¿ (12-x)ZnO ¿ 1Er2O3 (mol%, onde x=0, 2 e 5). São preparados guias multímodos e monomodos, as profundidades dos guias podem ser controladas pela variação do tempo e da temperatura no processo da troca iônica. Com o vidro de maior índice de refração consegui fabricar fibra óptica (só nucleo) e solda com outro vidro de menor índice de refração, pela técnica de fibra em vidro. A preparação dos vidros foi feita pela técnica convencional de fusão à temperatura de 7500C. Encontrou-se grande estabilidade térmica nos sistemas vítreos. Realizou-se as medidas de espectroscopia Raman, absorção, emissão e tempo de vida, onde se mostra a maior largura de banda de emissão dos vidros germano-teluritos dopados com íons Er3+ quando comparado com amplificadores comerciais feitos à base de vidros silicatos. Os vidros já polidos passaram pelo processo de fotolitografía, durante a fabricação dos guias de ondas se empregou a técnica de troca iônica dos íons Ag+. Na+, processo tomando por base a temperatura de início de cristalização Tg; neste processo os vidros foram submergidos num banho de sais que continha 2AgNaO3 ¿ 49NaNO3 ¿ 49KNO3. Os índices efetivos dos modos foram medidos pela técnica de acoplamento por prisma com o equipamento Metricom. Foram determinados o perfil do índice de refração e os parâmetros da difusão: coeficiente de difusão efetiva De e a energia de ativação ED. Conseguiu-se fabricar guias de onda planar e canais monomodos e multímodos pela técnica de troca iônica em vidros germano-teluritos dopados com altas concentrações de íons de Er3+. Empregando a técnica de fibra em vidro, consegui fabricar um guia de onda. Método totalemente novo que consiste na solda de uma fibra óptica (núcleo) com um substrato de menor índice de refração que é a casca para esta fibra mediante esta técnica. Neste processo deve-se ter em conta a região de temperatura Tg ¿ Tx, para evitar possiveis processos de cristalização no processo de solda da fibra óptica com o substrato / Abstract: In this work the production and characterization of germane-tellurite glasses for small optical amplifiers are reported. These materials were applied in the manufacture of planar e channel waveguide using the technique of ionic exchange in glasses and fiber on glass, doped with high concentrations of ions of Er3+ whose composition is: 75TeO2 ¿ 2GeO2 ¿ (10+x)Na2O - (12-x)ZnO ¿ 1Er2 O3 (mol%, x= 0, 2 e 5). Multimode and monomode guides have been prepared, and the depths of the guide can be controlled for the time and the temperature variation in the process of the ionic exchange. With the glass of high refraction index, manufacture of the optic fiber (only nucleus), and welding this with another glass of smaller refraction index were carried out for the fiber technique on glass purpose. The preparation of glasses was made by the conventional technique of fusing at the temperature of 7500C and glasses of great thermal stability were obtained characterization Raman, optical absorption, light emission and lifetime measurements were performed. The optical absorption of glasses doped tellurite with ions Er3+ has been considerably broader than those of the amplifiers of glass base silicate glasses. The polishing of glasses was done using the photo-lithographical process during the construction of the waveguides. The technique of Ag+. Na+ ion-exchange was applied near Tg and below Tx. In this process, the glasses have been submerged in a bath of melted 2AgNaO3 ¿ 49NaNO3 ¿ 49KNO3. The effective refraction index was measured by the coupled prism technique using the Metricom equipment. The refraction index profile and the diffusion parameters as the diffusion effective coefficient De and the energy of activation ED were determined. Planar monomode and multimode waveguide channel was manufactured using the ion-exchange technique in germane-tellurite glasses doped with high concentration of Er3+ ions. A new method of glass fiber preparation is introduced and consists of the soldering of a fiber optic (nucleus) to a substrate of smaller refraction index. In this process the temperature region between Tg and Tx was avoided in order to prevent against any possible crystallization soldering process / Mestrado / Física / Mestre em Física
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Contribuições à produção do concreto fluido com fibras de borracha e de polipropileno e adição de resíduos do beneficiamento do mármore e granito / Contributions obteining of the self compacting concrete using residue of the marble and granite and study of mechanical propertiesSilva, Tássia Neuda de Moraes 07 November 2013 (has links)
The Fluid Concrete (FC) is a concrete that has high fluidity, which may allow the filling of molds without the need of mechanical compaction, only under the action of its own weight. As a concrete whole, the FC has low tensile strength, and an alternative to minimize this limitation is the inclusion of fibers to the concrete. The incorporation of fiber reinforced composite and induce tensile stresses. Within this context, this paper aims to provide a contribution to the production of a fluid concrete fiber, rubber and polypropylene and addition of waste from the processing of marble and granite(FFC). The methodology dosage used was Gomes (2002) for obtaining fluid concrete (FC) being adapted for insertion of fiber. To study the properties of compacting tests were carried out in the fresh state, such as scattering, V funnel and box L. To check the mechanical properties tests were performed in the hardened state, such as compression, tensile and modulus of elasticity with cylindrical body-of - proof dimensions of 10cm x 20cm RC and FFC, with fiber content rubber 2.0% polypropylene and 0.25% of the amount by weight of cement. As a result, the SC showed a decrease in scattering maximum diameter with increasing fiber content entered. The compressive strength and modulus of elasticity decreased, since the tensile strength showed an increase when compared to RC. From the results it is concluded that the FFC is not self compacting concrete, but has characteristics of self compacting, the increase in tensile strength indicates a higher ability to absorb impact. The FFC helps reduce scrap waste, reducing the environmental impact by becoming a ecoeffient concrete. / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Define-se como Concreto Fluido (CF) um concreto que apresenta abatimento entre 18cm e 25cm. Essa elevada fluidez pode permitir o preenchimento de fôrmas sem que haja necessidade de adensamento mecânico, apenas sob a ação do seu peso próprio. Como todo concreto, o CF possui baixa resistência à tração, e uma alternativa de minimizar essa limitação é a inserção de fibras ao concreto. A incorporação de fibras pode reforçar o compósito e permitir maior absorção de tensões de tração. Dentro deste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo proporcionar uma contribuição ao estudo de compósitos por meio da produção de um concreto fluido com fibras de borracha e de polipropileno e adição de resíduos do beneficiamento de mármore e granito (CFF). A Metodologia de dosagem utilizada para a obtenção desse concreto foi a de Gomes (2002) estabelecida para concreto autoadensável, com adaptações para inserção das fibras. Para o estudo das propriedades de adensabilidade foram realizados ensaios no estado fresco, tais como: espalhamento, funil V e caixa em L. Para verificação das propriedades mecânicas foram realizados ensaios no estado endurecido, tais como: compressão, tração e módulo de elasticidade, com corpos-de-prova cilíndricos de dimensões de 10cm x 20cm de CR e de CFF, com teor de fibras de borracha de 2,0% e de polipropileno de 0,25% da quantidade de cimento em massa. Como resultados, o CFF apresentou características de autoadensabilidade com um diâmetro máximo de espalhamento de 62,5cm. A resistência à compressão e o módulo de elasticidade apresentou uma redução, já a resistência à tração apresentou um aumento quando comparados ao Concreto de Referencia (CR). Dos resultados conclui-se que o CFF possui características de autoadensabilidade e acréscimo na resistência à tração. O CFF com fibras permitiu a incorporação de um resíduo inservível, reduzindo o impacto ambiental e se caracterizando como um concreto ecoefiente.
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Caracterização da distribuição da miosina rápida, lenta e híbrida na musculatura da mastigação / Characterization of fast, slow and hybrid fibers in masticatory musclesThatiana Bastos Guimarães 26 October 2009 (has links)
Introdução: Os músculos da mastigação masseter, temporal, pterigóideo medial e pterigóideo lateral são componentes essenciais do sistema estomatognático. A mastigação decorre da movimentação destes músculos. Além da função fisiológica, os músculos da mastigação estão envolvidos na disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) que é importante causa de dor, sons articulares e função mandibular irregular ou limitada. As DTM representam a maior causa de dor não dental na região orofacial, sendo a causa muscular a mais prevalente. O conhecimento detalhado da composição estrutural e funcional dos músculos da mastigação é fundamental para a compreensão dos mecanismos da DTM muscular. Objetivos: Analisar a distribuição da expressão das isoformas de miosina (rápida e lenta) e, a quantidade de fibras híbridas nos músculos temporal e masseter em material de autópsia da 1a a 9a décadas. Casuística e métodos: Foram estudadas 37 amostras dos músculos temporal e masseter (20 amostras do sexo masculino e 17 do sexo feminino) de autópsias do Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos de São Paulo com intervalo pós-mortem de até 18 horas, de ambos os gêneros e com idades divididas por décadas (1a a 9a décadas). Resultados: Não houve diferença estatística significante na porcentagem de fibras rápidas, lentas e híbridas no músculo masseter e temporal quanto ao gênero, quanto à porcentagem de fibras rápidas e lentas na amostra total e nos grupos de jovens, adultos e idosos. Foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante apenas na porcentagem de fibras rápidas do grupo de idosos, onde o masseter apresentou maior número de fibras rápidas. Foi encontrada diferença significante entre os grupos estudados na porcentagem de fibras híbridas no músculo masseter, onde o grupo jovem apresentou mais fibras híbridas do que o adulto e este grupo mais que o grupo idoso. Também houve diferença significante entre os grupos estudados na porcentagem de fibras híbridas no músculo temporal, onde o grupo jovem apresentou mais fibras do que o grupo adulto e idoso. Conclusão: Ao longo das nove décadas a percentagem de fibras lentas foi similar a percentagem de fibras rápidas nos músculos masseter e temporal. Quando a análise foi realizada separadamente comparando-se os músculos masseter e temporal houve diferença estatística (p=0,023*) no grupo idoso com predomínio de fibras rápidas no músculo masseter. Observou-se fibras híbridas presentes desde a primeira década (1 mês de vida) persistindo até a nona década com predomínio no grupo jovem, presença decrescente ao longo das décadas no músculo masseter (p < 0,001*). No músculo temporal observou-se predomínio de fibras híbridas no grupo jovem em relação aos grupos adulto e idoso (p = 0,011*) / Introduction: The masticatory muscles: masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid are essential components in the estomatognatic system. The mastication occurs through the function of these muscles, which provide direct contact between the upper and inferior arcades. In addition to their fisiologic function, the maticatory muscles are involved in the temporomandibular disfunction (TMD), which is an important cause of the pain, joint sounds and irregular or limited mandibular function .The TMD are seen as a distinct subgroup of reumatologic.and skeletal muscle disorders. They are the main cause of non dental pain in the orofacial area, being the muscular etiology as the most prevalent. The detailed understanding of structural and functional composition of the masticatory muscles is paramount to comprehend TMD due to muscle disorder. Objective: To analyze the muscle fiber type distribution concerning fast and slow myosin expression, and the amount of hybrid fibers in temporalis and masseter muscles in autopsy samples from 1st to 9th decades of age. Casuistics and methods: Tirthy seven temporalis and masseter muscles samples were studied (20 from male and 17 from female) from Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos of São Paulo. The specimens were divided by gender and ages. The samples were collected up to 18 hours post-mortem. Results: The percentage of slow muscle fiber in masseter and temporalis muscles were similar to the percentage of fast muscle fibers, when the samples were analyzed in the totality. However, when they were grouped in three different subgourp of ages: yound, adult and old, elder subjects presented more fast than slow muscle fibers in masseter. There was no significant gender difference in masseter and temporalis muscles concerning fast and slow muscle fiber distribution. Significant difference of hybrid fiber distribution was observed among the young, adult and old groups. Young subjects presented more hybrid fibers than adult, who presented more than elder subjects in masseter. In temporalis, hybrid fibers were more observed within young group than adult or elder group. The presence of hybrid fiber was confirmed with the immunostaining of a single muscle fiber. Conclusion: Slow and fast muscle fiber distribution is similar in both masseter and temporalis muscles in both gender subjects along the nine decades of age. However, when the samples was grouped in three subgroup of ages, fast muscle fibers significantly predominate (p=0.023) in masseter among the old group. Hybrid fibers were observed through out the first to nineth decade of age. The frequency of hybrid fibers decreased significantly (p<0.001) with aging in masseter. In contrast, hybrid fibers were more observed among young than adult or old groups (p=0.011) in temporalis
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Efeitos da poluição atmosférica de origem veicular no sistema cardiopulmonar de camundongos Swiss (Mus musculus L.) recém-natos expostos até a idade adulta / Effects of atmospheric pollutotion generated by traffic on cardiopulmonary system of Swiss mice (mus musculus) from birth to adulthoodLicia Mioko Yoshizaki Akinaga Patricio 08 October 2008 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A exposição contínua desde o nascimento à poluição atmosférica de grandes centros urbanos de origem predominante veicular, contribui para eventos cardiopulmonares em adultos. A inflamação e remodelamento induzidos pelos poluentes podem modular a resposta vascular a mediadores e alterar a sua patência e reatividade contribuindo para eventos isquêmicos. MÉTODOS: Verificar alterações inflamatórias e estruturais nos pulmões e corações de camundongos Swiss machos cronicamente expostos, desde o nascimento até a idade adulta, às câmaras seletivas com filtros (câmara limpa) e sem filtros (câmara poluída) para particulados e gases tóxicos, situadas a 20m de um cruzamento de tráfego intenso da cidade de São Paulo, 24 h/7dias/semana/4 meses. Realizaram-se medidas internas e externas dos poluentes: PM2,5; NO2 e Black Carbon (BC) e análises morfométricas nos pulmões e corações. RESULTADOS: A filtragem da câmara limpa clareou 100% de BC, 52% de PM2,5 e 32% de NO2. Nos pulmões, as alterações predominaram na região peribronquiolar. Os animais submetidos à câmara poluída apresentaram inflamação peribronquiolar caracterizada por aumento do infiltrado perivascular (p=0,022), hiperplasia do epitélio bronquiolar (p=0,037), escore inflamatório total (p=0,015), e diminuição do infiltrado polimorfonuclear na região do septo alveolar distal (p=0.001). A parede dos vasos peribronquiolares não demonstrou alteração da razão lúmen/parede (L/P) entre os grupos (0,094), porém, os animais submetidos à câmara poluída, apresentaram remodelamento estrutural com diminuição de fibras elásticas na adventícia (p= 0,006) e na túnica média (p= 0,008) e das fibras colágenas apenas na adventícia (p= 0,016). No miocárdio, verificamos aumento do número de núcleos por área do VE, sem alteração de peso dos corações entre os grupos (p=0,005). As coronárias dos camundongos expostos à câmara poluída também não demonstraram diferenças na razão L/P, porém a poluição induziu remodelamento através de aumento de fibras colágenas e elásticas na camada adventícia e média dos vasos (p<0.001; p=0,03 respectivamente), mesmo quando categorizados os vasos por seu calibre e por ventrículo separadamente (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A poluição atmosférica da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, induziu alterações inflamatórias e estruturais nos pulmões e corações dos animais normais expostos desde o nascimento até a idade adulta. A resposta pulmonar caracterizou-se por inflamação e diminuição das fibras da matriz extracelular dos vasos, enquanto as coronárias apresentaram fibrose e elastogênese em toda parede vascular. Esses achados reforçam a hipótese de que a poluição atmosférica de grandes centros urbanos induz alterações silenciosas porém significativas, órgão-específicas, modulando a resposta vascular, podendo contribuir para alteração da patência e reatividade dos vasos e eventos isquêmicos na idade adulta / INTRODUCTION: The continuous exposition since birth to atmospheric pollution of great urban centers originated by vehicles predominantly, contributes to cardiopulmonary events in adults. The remodeling and inflammation induced by airborne pollutants may modulate the vascular response to mediators and alter the vascular patency and reactivity which may contribute to ischemic events. METHODS: To verify the inflammatory and structural alterations of the lungs and heart of Swiss male mice chronically and continuously exposed since birth to adulthood, to selective chambers with (clean) or without (polluted) filter devices for particles and toxic gases, 7days/24h/4 months, located 20m far from a cross-road with heavy traffic in Sao Paulo city downtown. Measurements of PM2,5; NO2 and Black Carbon (BC) inside the chambers and in the external environment and morphometric analyses of the lung and heart were made. RESULTS: Filters cleared 100% of BC, 47% of PM2,5 and 68% of NO2 in the clean chamber. In the lungs, pollutants affected predominantly the peribronchiolar area. Animals submitted to the polluted chamber presented peribronchiolar inflammation characterized by increased perivascular influx (p=0.022), bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia (p=0.037), total inflammatory scores (p=0.015), and decrement of polymorphonuclear cells infiltration in the distal septa (p=0.001). There was no difference of the lumen/wall ratio (L/W) of peribronchiolar vessels (p=0.094) between groups. However, mice from polluted chamber presented structural remodeling characterized by decrement of elastic fibers in both adventitia (p=0.006) and media layers (p= 0.008) and collagen content in the adventitia (p= 0.016). In the heart, there was an increase of nucleus of myocytes/left ventricle area, but no alteration of the myocardial weight between groups (p=0.005). Although the coronary arterioles from mice exposed to polluted ambient did not show differences of L/W ratio when compared to those from clean ambient, pollutants induced increment of collagen and elastic fibers in the adventitia and media vascular layer (p<0.001; p=0.03 respectively), even when vessels were categorized by caliber and per ventricle chamber separately (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The continuous exposure to atmospheric pollution of São Paulo city, Brazil, since birth to adulthood, induced inflammatory and structural alterations in the lungs and heart. The lung response was characterized by inflammation and decrement of extracellular matrix fibers while in the heart, there was fibrosis and elastin increment in the coronary arteriolar wall. These results reinforce the hypothesis that urban airborne pollution predominantly generated by traffic, induces silent but significant organ-specific alterations, which may impair vascular patency and reactivity and may contribute to ischemic cardiac events in the adulthood
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Técnica para controlar o comprimento de onda da dispersão zero de uma fibra microestruturada / Technique to control the zero¿dispersion wavelength of a microstructured optical fiberRamos Gonzales, Roddy Elky 22 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Hugo Enrique Hernández Figueroa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T14:17:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Propor uma técnica eficiente para controlar o Comprimento de Onda da Dispersão Zero (ZDW - Zero Dispersion Wavelength) de uma Fibra Óptica Microestruturada (MOF - Microstructured Optical Fiber). Esta técnica baseia-se na variação do índice de refração linear e na variação da espessura de um filme fino que cobre as superfícies interiores dos buracos da MOF. Foi utilizado um código potente e preciso baseado na formulação do Método dos Elementos Finitos (FEM - Finite Element Method) totalmente vetorial em conjunto com Camadas Perfeitamente Casadas (PMLs - Perfectly Matched Layers). E demonstrado um deslocamento Maximo do ZDW de 570 nm. Este filme fino pode ser incluído durante ou apos a fabricação da MOF, isso significa que a Dispersão Zero (ZD - Zero Dispersion) da fibra pode ser adaptada conforme a necessidade / Abstract: An efficient technique to control the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) of a microstructured optical fiber (MOF) is proposed and numerically demonstrated in this work. This technique is based on the variation of the linear refractive index and the thickness of a thin film covering the microstructured optical fiber holes' inner surfaces. A powerful and accurate code based on a full-vector finite-element method formulation in conjunction with perfectly matched layers was used. A maximum of 570-nm zero-dispersion wavelength displacement is demonstrated. This thin film can be included after the microstructured optical fiber has been fabricated, and that means the zero dispersion of such fiber can be tailored as needed / Doutorado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
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Inverkan av olika joner och jonconcentrationer på porstorleksfördelningen i trämassa-fibrer / The influence of different ions and ionconcentrations on pore size distribution in woodfibersBecker, Sebastian January 2011 (has links)
The basic ingredient of paper is the individual wood fibers. The property of the fibers depends on a variety of factors e.g., method of pulp production and processing. The final sheet quality depends in part on how the fibers interface between each other and therefore factors that affect the fiber size are of interest. The flexibility of the fibers depends in part on the pore water i.e., the fiber swelling. The sheet becomes less flexible at low water content which gives a loss in strength. Thus it becomes desirable to increase the water uptake. The experimental investigation described in this report consists of exposing the wood fibers to different ions and ionic strength and then measure the pore size by thermoporosimetry where a DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) is used. DSC measures the freezing point of water in the pores of the wood fibers. As the freezing point varies with the pore size the size distribution can be determined. The results show that there are complications with thermoporosimetry measurements at different ion concentrations. The strength of the ionic solutions will contribute to a fictitious pore volume, which makes analysis difficult to interpret.
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Flexible Transparent Electrically Conductive Polymer Films for Future ElectronicsZhao, Wei 07 April 2011 (has links)
No description available.
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Statistical Analysis Of Visible Absorption Spectra And Mass Spectra Obtained From Dyed Textile FibersWhite, Katie Margaret 01 January 2010 (has links)
The National Academy of Sciences recently published a report which calls for improvements to the field of forensic science. Their report criticized many forensic disciplines for failure to establish rigorously-tested methods of comparison, and encouraged more research in these areas to establish limitations and assess error rates. This study applies chemometric and statistical methods to current and developing analytical techniques in fiber analysis. In addition to analysis of commercially available dyed textile fibers, two pairs of dyes are selected based for custom fabric dyeing on the similarities of their absorbance spectra and dye molecular structures. Visible absorption spectra for all fiber samples are collected using microspectrophotometry (MSP) and mass spectra are collected using electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. Statistical calculations are performed using commercial software packages and software written in-house. Levels of Type I and Type II error are examined for fiber discrimination based on hypothesis testing of visible absorbance spectra using a nonparametric permutation method. This work also explores evaluation of known and questioned fiber populations based on an assessment of p-value distributions from questioned-known fiber comparisons with those of known fiber self-comparisons. Results from the hypothesis testing are compared with principal components analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) of visible absorption spectra, as well as PCA and DA of ESI mass spectra. The sensitivity of a statistical approach will also be discussed in terms of how instrumental parameters and sampling methods may influence error rates.
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Multimaterial Fibers And Tapers A Platform For Nonlinear Photonics And NanotechnologyShabahang, Soroush 01 January 2014 (has links)
The development of optical sources and components suitable for the mid-infrared is crucial for applications in this spectral range to reach the maturity level of their counterparts in the visible and near-infrared spectral regimes. The recent commercialization of quantum cascade lasers is leading to further interest in this spectral range. Wideband mid-infrared coherent sources, such as supercontinuum generation, have yet to be fully developed. A mid-infrared supercontinuum source would allow for unique applications in spectroscopy and sensing. Over the last decade, it has been shown that high-index confinement in highly nonlinear fibers pumped with high-peak-power pulses is an excellent approach to supercontinuum generation in the visible and near-infrared. Nonlinear waveguides such as fibers offer an obvious advantage in increasing the nonlinear interaction length maintained with a small cross section. In addition, fiber systems do not require optical alignment and are mechanically stable and robust with respect to the environmental changes. These properties have made fiber systems unique in applications where they are implemented in a harsh and unstable environment. In extending this approach into the mid-infrared, I have used chalcogenide glass fibers. Chalcogenide glasses have several attractive features for this application: they have high refractive indices for high optical-confinement, have a wide transparency window in the mid-infrared, and have a few orders-of-magnitude higher nonlinearity than silica glass and other mid-IR glasses. Producing chalcogenide glass fiber tapers offer, furthermore, the possibility of dispersion control and stronger field confinement and hence higher nonlinearity, desired for supercontinuum generation.
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Optical frequency references in acetylene-filled hollow-core optical fiber and photonic microcellsWang, Chenchen January 1900 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Physics / Kristan L. Corwin / Optical frequency references have been widely used in applications such as navigation, remote sensing, and telecommunication industry. For stable frequency references in the near-infrared (NIR), lasers can be locked to narrow absorption features in gases such as acetylene. Currently, most Near NIR references are realized in free space setups. In this thesis, a low-loss hollow-core optical fiber with a diameter of sub millimeters is integrated into the reference setup to provide long interaction lengths between the filling gas and the laser field, also facilitate the optical interaction with low power levels. To make portable NIR reference, gas can be sealed inside the hollow-core fiber, by creating a photonic microcell. This work has demonstrated all-fiber optical frequency references in the Near IR by fabricating and integrating gas sealed photonic microcells in the reference setup. Also, a thoughtful study regarding the lineshape of the fiber-based reference has been accomplished. According the proper modeling of a shift due to lineshape, a correction was applied to our previous absolute frequency measurement of an NIR optical frequency reference. Furthermore, effects of the hollow-core fibers, including mode-dependence frequency shift related to surface modes are explored. In addition, angle splicing techniques, which will improve the performance of the fiber-based frequency reference have been created. Low transmission and return loss angle splices of photonic bandgap fiber, single mode PCF, and large core kagome to SMF-28 are developed and those fibers are demonstrated to be promising for photonic microcell based optical frequency references. Finally, a potentially portable optical metrology system is demonstrated by stabilizing a fiber-laser based frequency comb to an acetylene-filled optical fiber frequency reference. Further work is necessary to fabricate an all-fiber portable optical metrology system with high optical transmission and low molecular contamination.
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