Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-30T21:52:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_George Gleik Max de Oliveira.pdf: 32370092 bytes, checksum: 7bfe711457bf65087b0448e5c45b4027 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-06-05T16:56:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_George Gleik Max de Oliveira.pdf: 32370092 bytes, checksum: 7bfe711457bf65087b0448e5c45b4027 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T16:56:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_George Gleik Max de Oliveira.pdf: 32370092 bytes, checksum: 7bfe711457bf65087b0448e5c45b4027 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-05 / CAPES / Esta dissertação apresenta o estudo do papel e da filigrana, assunto pertencente à codicologia, disciplina auxiliar da filologia, que propicia a análise do suporte que serve para a escrita. A invenção do papel pelos chineses percorre o mundo oriental e, através do povo árabe, entra na Europa. Em Jávita, na Espanha, surgem as primeiras folhas de papel europeu pelo método chinês/arábico. Em seguida, em Fabriano, na Itália, no segundo quartel do século XIII, são desenvolvidas novas técnicas para a produção papeleira e a inserção da filigrana, ou marca d’ água, como marca identificadora do fabricante, tecida por artesãos ou não, em formas, quando da fabricação do papel folha a folha. Através de uma filigrana é possível identificar o moinho papeleiro que a fabricou, o país e deduzir a data do seu fabrico. O conhecimento de uma filigrana serve para averiguar a autenticidade e a datação de um documento quanto à originalidade. As filigranas, neste trabalho, coletadas nos arquivos brasileiros, estão presentes em documentos escritos na capitania de Mato Grosso ou aparecem nas correspondências enviadas para os seus habitantes, durante os séculos XVIII e XIX (1750-1850), de origem portuguesa, italiana, francesa, holandesa etc. O acesso aos bancos de dados pela internet, recurso também utilizado aqui, é de fundamental importância ao filigranologista que se encontra distante dos grandes centros de pesquisa e, pelo fato de ser raro no Brasil um trabalho, específico, que aborde o tema. / This dissertation shows the study of filigree by means of codicology, auxiliary discipline of philology. It is known that codicology allows the analysis of the support used for writing. The invention of paper by the Chinese traverses the eastern world through the Arab people. In Javita, Spain, the first sheets of paper appear by the Chinese European / Arabic method, then in Fabriano, Italy, in the second quarter of the thirteenth century new techniques are developed for the paper production and insertion of filigree as the identifying mark producer. Brands woven by artisans or otherwise, molds, when in papermaking sheet to sheet. Through a watermark it is possible to identify the papermaking mill that manufactured the country and deduce the date of manufacture. Accordingly, it was necessary to address the papermaking from its origin in China to the present days. The use of detailed knowledge of a watermark serves to verify the authenticity of a document dating analyzed, so you can bequeath it as original or fake. Filigree collected in Brazilian archives are present in written documents in the captaincy of Mato Grosso or appear in mailings to its inhabitants, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (1750-1850). Photographed brands are Portuguese, Italian, French, Dutch etc. The approach to databases over the internet is of fundamental importance to filigreenologist which is far from the major centers of research and the fact that there is a specific job in Brazil that covers the field of filigreenology.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to prepare documentation for construction. The building is partially basement and in terms of building physics is designed as a building with almost zero energy consumption. For the purpose of the work is chosen multifunctional object, which consists of veterinary clinic and shop with pet supplies. The building land is located in the cadastral area of Brno-Královo Pole in a built-up area designated for mixed areas of trade and services on a relatively flat plot no. 4800/28 on Edisonova Street. The new building is located on the southeast side of the property, which is followed by parking from the northwest side. The purpose, appearance and volume of the building do not interfere in any way with the character of the territory. Veterinary clinic is partially basement with two floors. In the basement is a technical background for the whole multifunctional building. On the first floor is a waiting room with a reception and two examination rooms, an office and a changing room for employees. On the floor are specialized workplaces, X-ray, ultrasonographic, otoscopic, laboratory and operating room together with hospitalization for animals. The shop with pet supplies is designed as a single storey, consisting of a sale area with a warehouse and facilities for employees. The southeast facade is covered with expanded metal. The construction system of the building is wall-mounted, made of ceramic bricks for thin-layer mortar. Ceiling constructions are designed from large-area filigree panels. The roof is vegetational.

Effects of mould flux contaminant on scale-steel adhesion and hydraulic descaling of scale formed on slabs were investigated. In this investigation, stainless steel type 304 (austenitic with 18% Cr and 8% Ni) and specific mould fluxes were used when growing the scale on contaminated samples under simulated industrial reheating conditions, with subsequent high pressure water hydraulic descaling. The basic hypothesis was that the steel-scale adhesion depends on the microstructure of different phases present in the scale, the segregation of specific elements at the interface and the interfacial morphology of the scale after reheating. It was found that mould flux contaminant decreases scale-steel adhesion and therefore improved the descaling effectiveness significantly compared to non contaminated stainless steel. The descaling effectiveness of contaminated and uncontaminated slab was dependent to the presence of metal free paths (chromite layers along the austenite grains boundaries) and the presence of unoxidized metal in the scale due to nickel enrichment at the interface. Compared to the uncontaminated samples, the descaling of contaminated samples was efficient which could be due to the fact that some mechanisms which increase scale– steel adhesion (notably nickel enrichment at the interface) were considerably reduced. For all contaminated samples, the descaling effectiveness after visual observation were close to 100% and it was found that mould flux type 832 ( low basicity) gave a high descaling efficiency with better steel surface quality after descaling compared to mould fluxes type 810 and RF1. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering / unrestricted

The subject of this diploma thesis is a project of boarding house. The building is situated in moderate slope terrain in cadastral territory Znojmo-město. Boarding house capacity is 36 beds. Boarding house has three floors and is designed from the structural system Ytong. The ceilings are made of filigree floor panels. The roof of the house is built as flat vegetation roof. In the first floor there is located main entrance, reception desk and dining room. In the second and third floor there are rooms for guests.

The aim of this thesis is the design and documentation for new construction nursery Schools and the associated layout object. Proposal of appropriate structural system with regard to static and thermal technical part . Kindergarten is designed as an object used for the education of preschool children 4 to 6 years . Kindergarten 4 classes with a total capacity of 72 children. The building has two floors which looks like a cross, without a basement. The main entrance to the building is located on the south side of the building . The main living rooms are situated to the southeast to the southwest. The structural system is build of limestone, concrete partially formed column , base and die . The ceiling structure consists of filigree plates and in the middle of reinforced concrete . Roofing of the building is designed as a flat membrane roof.

This thesis aims to reduce the reinforcement areas in lattice girder elements after large amounts have been observed in several projects. Existing handbooks and materials for designing lattice girder elements have been analyzed. A revised calculation model for design that is adapted to Eurocode and the Swedish national annex EKS 11 has then been developed. The calculation model should be seen as a proposal to how lattice girder elements can be designed. A reference project has laid the basis for testing the calculation model. Simultaneously two finite element models have been established in FEM-Design and smaller calculations have been performed in WIN-Statik: Concrete Beam.  The results show that the reinforcement areas have been reduced. An effective method of designing lattice girder elements is to extract forces and moments from a finite element program. These are then inserted into the calculation model together with other required data and by making the desired adjustments. The calculation model then designs the lattice girder element. Alternatively, the lattice girder element is designed using the FEM-software whilst the lattice girder is designed using the calculation model. Numerous methods of finding the design-moments have been studied. The results show that it is not satisfactory to calculate the moments with respect to a lattice girder element or a single strip. Thus, the whole slab must be taken into consideration.

The new building of a university dormitory with workshops is the content of the presented thesis. The building consists of fifty-two beds for students’ accommodation with complete equipment in eight cells, three workshops and a technical support. This is a combination of reinforced concrete prefabricated skeleton and classical masonry building construction with insulation. The building has four floors. It is designed as seven towers with flat roofs, which protrude from a ground floor with a vegetative roof. Paved and parking areas are adjacent to the building. The project is designed into an urban area of Nový Jičín. Glass atrium and overall shape solution are the distinctive features of the proposal.

The thesis dealt with newly built detached house for seniors. The building is designed in the village Drnovice, Blansko district. House for seniors has one basement and three floors. In the basement are designed therapeutic ingredients such as physiotherapy, massage, gym and the appropriate sanitary facilities. Further there are technical facilities, sanitary facilities and lockers for employees. The first floor is designed to entry, reception, library, lounge, dining room and other spaces. Second and third floor is designed for living. Dimensions of the maximum contour of the house are 55,14 x30,34 m. Foundations are of strip footings of plain concrete C16/20. The thickness of the base concrete slab is 150mm and is reinforcer with KARI networks 100/100/6. The building is made of Heluz system, perimeter basement walls is made of the BTB fittings. The staircase is a reinforced concrete slab. The roof of the house is flat, single.

Purpose: In 2016, the construction industry produced 21% of Sweden's total carbon dioxide emissions. To reduce these emissions, an alternative is to choose building components from an environmental perspective. At the same time, the client of the building wants to keep the costs of production down. An multi criteria analysis is a tool for weighing different aspects against each other. In this report environmental aspects and the economic aspects of three different slabs will be compared and analyzed to facilitate the choice of slabs. The slabs that have been analyzed are solid concrete slabs, filigree floor slabs and composite slabs of wood and concrete. Method: The report is based on a reference project of an office building with a span of 6 m and an area of 1000 m2 located in Jönköping. This information is used for calculating requirements and transport. To obtain the desired results, an Life Cycle Assessment and a cost analysis have been performed along with a document analysis as well as contact with suppliers of the slabs. The results from the Life Cycle Assessment and the cost analysis were then used to perform an multi criteria analysis where the various aspects were weighed together. Interviews were conducted to strengthen the weighing in multi criteria analysis and to find out how the choice of beams currently applies to the company PEAB. Findings: The results from the document analysis show that filigree floor slabs are the most advantageous when it comes to finances and that wood and concrete slabs are most advantageous from an environmental point of view. In the analysis of the empirical data collected from the interviews, it is shown that the financial aspect is more important and should be weighted higher than the environmental aspect in the multicriteria analysis. Multi criteria analysis shows that filigree floor is the most advantageous in both economy and environment. During the planning and in the choice of flooring, finances are one of the most important aspects, but also the working environment and the ease of installation. Implications: The conclusion of this report is that the filigree floor slabs are the most advantageous choice of floor slabs in terms of both economic and environmental aspects. This flooring is also shown to be the flooring that is often chosen for buildings similar to the work's reference project. This result is considered to be general for similar constructions as the reference project. Limitations: The work only considers the Life Cycle Assessment category Climate impact and greenhouse gases and considers only the period of cradle to gate (A1-A4). The costs that are calculated are for the purchase of flooring and materials, installation and transport / Syfte: Byggbranschen producerade år 2016 21% av Sveriges totala koldioxidutsläpp. För att minska dessa utsläpp är ett alternativ att välja byggdelar utifrån miljöperspektiv. Samtidigt vill byggherren hålla ner kostnaderna för produktionen. En multikriterieanalys är ett verktyg för att väga olika aspekter mot varandra. I detta arbete kommer miljöaspekter och de ekonomiska aspekterna för tre olika bjälklag att jämföras och analyseras för att underlätta vid val av bjälklag. Bjälklagen som analyserats är massivt betongbjälklag, plattbärlag samt samverkansbjälklag utav trä och betong. Metod: Arbetet utgår ifrån ett referensprojekt om en kontorsbyggnad med en spännvidd på 6 m och en yta på 1000 m2 beläget i Jönköping. Dessa uppgifter används för beräkning av krav samt transport. För att få fram de resultat som önskas har en livscykelanalys och en kostnadsanalys utförts utefter en dokumentanalys samt kontakt med leverantörer av bjälklagen. Resultatet ifrån livscykelanalysen och kostnadsanalysen användes sedan för att utföra en multikriterieanalys där de olika aspekterna vägdes samman. Intervjuer utfördes för att stärka vägningen i multikriterieanalysen samt för att få reda på hur valet av bjälklag går till för nuvarande på företaget PEAB. Resultat: Resultatet från dokumentanalysen visar att plattbärlag är det mest fördelaktiga när det gäller ekonomi och att samverkansbjälklag av trä och betong är mest fördelaktigt ur miljösynpunkt. I analysen av den insamlade empirin från intervjuerna visas det att ekonomiaspekten är viktigare och borde viktas högre än miljöaspekten i multikriterieanalysen. Multikriterieanalysen visar på att plattbärlag är det bjälklag som är mest fördelaktigt inom både ekonomi och miljö. Under projekteringen och i valet av bjälklag är ekonomi en av de viktigaste aspekterna men även arbetsmiljön och lättheten att montera. Konsekvenser: Slutsatsen av detta arbete är att plattbärlaget är det mest fördelaktiga valet av bjälklag med tanke på både ekonomi- och miljöaspekter. Detta bjälklag visas också vara det bjälklag som ofta väljs för byggnader liknande arbetets referensprojekt. Detta resultat anses vara generellt för liknande konstruktion som referensprojektet. Begränsningar: Arbetet tar enbart hänsyn till livscykelanalyskategorin Klimatpåverkan och växthusgaser och avser enbart vagga till grind (A1-A4). De kostnader som beräknas är för inköp av bjälklag och material, montering samt transport.

Die Architektur des 21. Jahrhunderts ist geprägt von der freien Formfindung, wobei Ressourceneinsparung in Kombination mit Funktionsintegration immer stärker in den Fokus effizienter Bauweisen rücken. Klassische Werkstoffe, wie z. B. Stahlbeton, stoßen hinsichtlich organischer Formen und Funktionalisierung schnell an ihre Grenzen. Darüber hinaus sind beim Stahlbeton aufgrund der Korrosionsneigung der Stahlbewehrung hohe Betonüberdeckungen gefordert, was der Umsetzung filigraner Bauweisen mit geringen Dicken entgegensteht (s. etwa [1], [2]). Daher ist die Erforschung von neuartigen Betonstrukturen mit Leichtbaueigenschaften unter Anwendung von textilen Bewehrungen seit einigen Jahren Gegenstand intensiver wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten, z. B. in den DFG-SFB 528 und 532, im BMBF-Vorhaben C³ und zahlreichen internationalen Projekten, z. B. [1], [3]–[5]). [Aus: Ausgangsfragen und Zielsetzung] / The architecture of the 21st century is characterized by free form finding, whereby saving resources in combination with functional integration are increasingly important for efficient construction methods. Classic materials, such as steel reinforced concrete, quickly reach their limits in terms of organic shapes and functionalization. In addition, due to the corrosion tendency of the steel reinforcement, high concrete coverings are required, which prevents the implementation of filigree construction methods with small thicknesses (see e.g. [1], [2]). Therefore, the research of new types of concrete structures with lightweight properties using textile reinforcement has been the subject of intensive scientific work for some years, e.g. DFG–SFB 528 and 532, BMBF project C³ and numerous international projects, e.g. [1], [3]–[5]). [Off: Initial questions and objectives]