Orientador: Ricardo César Gonçalves Sant'Ana / Resumo: A divulgação de informações financeiras na internet tem se tornado uma prática cada vez mais comum em empresas e órgãos públicos, uma vez que a internet possibilita a ampla disseminação e divulgação de informações a diversos públicos. Nesse contexto, visando a agilidade e praticidade para a elaboração de relatórios financeiros emerge a linguagem Extensible Business Reporting Language – XBRL. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como as empresas, que atuam no Brasil e aderiram ao XBRL disponibilizam suas informações financeiras na internet. Para tanto, adotou-se uma amostra de cem empresas nacionais e estrangeiras que atuam no Brasil, e a partir da amostra, realizou-se buscas na internet, por meio da ferramenta de busca Google, utilizando-se site:<domínio da empresa> xbrl, para a identificação de documentos no formato XBRL disponibilizados por essas empresas. A partir da busca, constatou-se que apenas uma pequena parcela das empresas utiliza o XBRL, e que os formatos de documento predominantes ainda são HTML, XLS, PDF e Microsoft Word, e estes formatos pouco contribuem para que haja um maior aproveitamento e análise dos dados disponibilizados, uma vez que alguns desses formatos não permitem selecionar e organizar os dados de forma que o usuário possa reaproveita-los. E por fim, constatou-se que a linguagem XBRL ainda não é utilizada pelas empresas para divulgar informações financeiras no Brasil e que uma das causas da não adesão ao XBRL seja a falta de conheci... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Submitted by Cristina Toyoko Hashimoto Nagai (cris.t.hashimoto@gmail.com) on 2017-04-11T20:16:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Versão_final_1.pdf: 2818161 bytes, checksum: eb4b87be1af75595294f74e4d7125b37 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-04-12T16:32:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nagai_cth_me_mar.pdf: 2818161 bytes, checksum: eb4b87be1af75595294f74e4d7125b37 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T16:32:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nagai_cth_me_mar.pdf: 2818161 bytes, checksum: eb4b87be1af75595294f74e4d7125b37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A divulgação de informações financeiras na internet tem se tornado uma prática cada vez mais comum em empresas e órgãos públicos, uma vez que a internet possibilita a ampla disseminação e divulgação de informações a diversos públicos. Nesse contexto, visando a agilidade e praticidade para a elaboração de relatórios financeiros emerge a linguagem Extensible Business Reporting Language – XBRL. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como as empresas, que atuam no Brasil e aderiram ao XBRL disponibilizam suas informações financeiras na internet. Para tanto, adotou-se uma amostra de cem empresas nacionais e estrangeiras que atuam no Brasil, e a partir da amostra, realizou-se buscas na internet, por meio da ferramenta de busca Google, utilizando-se site:<domínio da empresa> xbrl, para a identificação de documentos no formato XBRL disponibilizados por essas empresas. A partir da busca, constatou-se que apenas uma pequena parcela das empresas utiliza o XBRL, e que os formatos de documento predominantes ainda são HTML, XLS, PDF e Microsoft Word, e estes formatos pouco contribuem para que haja um maior aproveitamento e análise dos dados disponibilizados, uma vez que alguns desses formatos não permitem selecionar e organizar os dados de forma que o usuário possa reaproveita-los. E por fim, constatou-se que a linguagem XBRL ainda não é utilizada pelas empresas para divulgar informações financeiras no Brasil e que uma das causas da não adesão ao XBRL seja a falta de conhecimento por parte das empresas e de profissionais da área financeira no Brasil. / The dissemination of financial information on the Internet has become an increasingly common practice in companies and public agencies, since the Internet makes it possible to disseminate and disclosure information to different audiences. In this context, the language Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) emerges in order to be agile and practical for the preparation of financial reports. Thus, the present work aims to analyze how companies, which operate in Brazil and have joined XBRL, make available their financial information on the Internet. To do so, we adopted a sample of one hundred national and foreign companies operating in Brazil, and from the sample, we searched the internet through the Google search tool, using site: <company domain> Xbrl, for identification of documents in XBRL format made available by these companies. From the search, it was verified that only a small part of the companies use XBRL, and that the predominant document formats are still HTML, XLS, PDF and Microsoft Word, and these formats contribute little to a greater use and analysis of the data available, since some of these formats do not allow to select and organize the data in a way that the user can reuse them. And finally, it was verified that the XBRL language is not yet used by companies to disclose financial information in Brazil and that one of the causes of non-adherence to the XBRL is the lack of knowledge on the part of companies and financial professionals in Brazil.

The main aim of this thesis is the proposal and implementation of the support of decision making with the help of Business Intelligence tools in Audit CI, company limited providing economic and financial consultancy. Business Intelligence tools are applied at the creation of reports which company provides for its clients in terms of its services. On the basis of these reports subsequently suggests recommendations in the field of finance and intradepartmental management. The whole thesis is divided into two parts. In the theoretical part are described fundamental principles of BI solution. Main components of which can be BI solution set up, its place in the architecture of the information system of company, finally fundamental base of the proposal of BI solution. The practical part includes the proposal and implementation of BI solution, from multidimensional analysis through the solution of the data pump, multidimensional cubes, to set up the output in the client application.

The dissertation thesis deals with describing and comparison of methods of audit of a chosen company’s financial reports in Latvian and Czech Republic, evaluation of legal regulation’s harmonization level, it’s application difficulty according to the enterprise, level of accountancy regulation in chosen European countries and describing application in practice

The topic of sustainability has never been as relevant as it is today. Most recently, we have been following climate activists strike worldwide, the U.S. withdraw from the Paris Agreement and we have seen the world elite leave climate meetings without agreements. In 2015, to cope with the sustainability issues, the UN adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), for global actions to protect the planet and assure a better future for humanity. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the 17 SDGs are set to ensure social, economic, and environmental progress at a global level. For a worldwide advance in progress has the private sector a leading role, and to ensure an effective framework of goals and a balance between the three dimensions are the standards adopted in dialogue with the private sector. The adoption of agendas and regulations has stressed sustainability reporting to become an important business issue for the last two decades. Although sustainability reporting emerged quite recently, the topic has been well researched. Recent research has been focusing on shareholder value and sustainability reporting. However, there is a lack of research focusing on the other stakeholder groups. This study intends to investigate what internal stakeholders of an organization in the private sector consider as important reporting activities following the Global Reporting Standards (GRI). This study is written on commission, hence does the sample consist of the commissioner’s employees. To fulfill the purpose of the study, a survey was conducted and distributed among the internal stakeholders of the organization. The results of the study found the social sustainability activities to be the most important ones to report, followed by the environmental sustainability activities and the economic sustainability activities. Any possible differences between different subgroups of the population (gender, age, employment, and position at work) were tested by establishing two-sample t-tests and a one-way Analysis of Variance. The gender-, age- and position at work variable showed significance, rejecting the null hypothesis that the mean responses are equal.

網際網路的出現與發展大幅改變了資訊傳遞的方式。近年來，隨著可延伸標記語言（XML）的出現與其相關技術的發展，使得在網路上傳遞資料變得更加的便利、有效率；在各個專業領域內，許多組織也開始利用XML作為交換資料的基礎，制定通用的標準並發展相關的應用。延伸性企業報導語言（XBRL）正是XML在企業或財務報導領域的一種應用。 本研究是以XBRL國際組織於2002年10月所公布的美國財務報導分類標準架構（US Financial Reporting Taxonomy Framework）為基礎，並從會計處理流程的角度將之延伸，使一份依XBRL編製的電子化財務報表能在XBRL規格書2.0規範下，呈現從交易文件、會計分錄、明細分類帳一直至報表層次科目的金額或資料，以作為連續性審計及未來在XBRL平台上進行財務報表分析或後續處理的基礎架構。 此外，本研究建立一雛形系統，可將企業資料庫中經對映而轉換後的財務資訊，依照上述延伸後的分類標準架構，編製一份符合XBRL規格書2.0的財務報表。並以一銷貨及收款循環的範例加以驗證此架構之可行性。 / The emergence of internet has dramatically changed the ways of information being transferred. The rapid development of XML and related technologies in recent years has facilitated the exchange of data and many applications or standards have been deployed in each specific area. XBRL is one of them in business or financial reporting area. This study is based on the US Financial Reporting Taxonomy Framework released in October, 2002. It tries to extend this framework, so information or data of subsidiary accounts, journal entries and original transaction documents can also be reported on the same XBRL instance and follow the XBRL specification 2.0. The extended framework incorporates and partially revises the GL Core 1.0 taxonomy and establishes taxonomies of subsidiary terms (ST) and transaction documents (TR), containing elements which is in need of reporting subsidiary accounts and original transaction documents. Additionally, this study builds a system that can create a XBRL instance document containing the data mapped and transferred from the database of an enterprise according to the extended taxonomy framework mentioned above. Finally, it validates the feasibility of the extended framework with an example of revenue and cash receipts cycle.

Bakgrund: För att underlätta och förenkla för företag i Sverige startade BFN ett projekt år 2004 som kom att kallas för K-projektet. År 2014 blev det för första gången tvingande för mindre onoterade aktiebolag att välja mellan K2 och K3. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka huruvida skillnader i avskrivningar och utvecklingsutgifter mellan K2 och K3 har varit avgörande för valet av regelverk. Syftet är även att undersöka vem som har haft det största inflytandet i valet och om det har uppstått problem vid implementeringen av det valda regelverket. Slutsats: Skillnader i metoder för avskrivningar och utvecklingsutgifter har varit avgörande i valet mellan K2 och K3. Fastighetsbolag ville undvika att tillämpa komponentmetoden och utvecklingsintensiva bolag ville undvika kostnadsföringsmodellen. Möjligheten att kunna finansieras och fortsätta växa i K3 påverkade även valet av regelverk. Främst revisor men även redovisningskonsult har haft störst inflytande i valet av regelverk men i vissa fall har styrelsen haft störst påverkan. De problem som uppstått har varit en konsekvens av den avsaknad som finns i respektive regelverk, nämligen möjligheten i K2 och enkelheten i K3. / Background: BFN started a project in 2004 in order to simplify for companies in Sweden. The project is called K-project. In the year of 2014 smaller unlisted limited companies was forced to choose between K2 and K3. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine whether differences in the amortization and development costs between K2 and K3 has been crucial for the choice of regulation. The aim is also to examine who has had the biggest influence in the choice and if any problems has occurred in the implementation of the selected regulatory framework. Conclusions: Differences in methods of depreciation and development costs has been conclusive in the choice between K2 and K3. Real estate companies wanted to avoid applying the component method and development intensive companies wanted to avoid the expensing model. The ability to be financed and continue to grow in K3 has also affected the choice of regulatory framework. Mainly auditors but also accountants has had the biggest influence in the choice of regulation, but in some cases the board has had the biggest impact. The problems that has occurred has been a consequence of the shortage in the frameworks, which is the possibility in K2 and the simplicity in K3.

In 2010 mandatory audit was revoked for small and medium sized companies in Sweden. At the same time the authorization for accounting consultants was established with the aim of raising the knowledge and status of the profession. Even though The Swedish Companies Registration Office has discovered more errors in the accounting after the mandatory audit was eliminated, it especially concerns those companies who does not have neither an auditor or an accounting consultant. One of the reasons often mentioned to be audited is the auditors role when it comes to lending decisions. Our empirical studie show that the auditors most important function, being unbiased, is not what is of greatest importance for the credit institutions. Instead it was professional skills, and for small and medium enterprises (SME) it was consulting they requested the most. We believe that auditors should focus more on consulting. Especially when the limits for mandatory audit expects to increase in Sweden to harmonize with the rest of the European Union. The fact that some companies still hire an auditor is probably because of a long collaboration which feels to convenient to end.   This study is limited to merely cover companies who does not need to be audited and only authorized accounting consultants. The studie concerns credit institutions and Skatteverket. Emprical information was gathered with both quantative and qualitative studies. Our conclusion is that SME companies are better off with an authorized accounting consultant than an auditor. The accounting consultants often charge lower fees and have a relatively high trust in comparison with auditors, which probably will be even higher in the future because of the authorization. We also believe that auditors will have to focus more on consulting if they are going to be able to face the abolishment of mandatory audit and compete with the accounting consultants. It now seems that the time for audit in small companies has come to an end. / Revisionsplikten avskaffades år 2010 för mindre företag i Sverige. Samtidigt utvecklades auktorisationen för redovisningskonsulter med syfte att höja kunskapen i branschen samt att öka statusen för dessa. Efter revisionspliktens avskaffande har Bolagsverket upptäckt fler fel i redovisningen från företagen, främst från de företag som varken har anlitat en revisor eller en redovisningskonsult. En anledning till att ha en revisor sägs vara deras betydelse för kreditgivning. Dock framkommer det från empirin att oberoendet som anses vara en av revisorns viktigaste egenskaper inte är det som kreditgivarna framställer som viktigast hos revisorn. Det är yrkeskunskapen som anses viktigast och rådgivning är det som små och medelstora företag (SME) verkar efterfråga mest. För att revisorerna ska kunna konkurrera med redovisningskonsulterna i de företag som inte omfattas av revisionsplikten bör revisorerna rikta in sig mer på rådgivning. Framförallt då gränserna för revisionsplikt i framtiden förmodligen kommer att höjas och bli mer likt övriga EU. Anledning till att många företag fortfarande har kvar revisorn anser vi kan beror på ett långt samarbete som känns för bekvämt för att avsluta. Undersökningen är avgränsad till att endast omfatta aktiebolag som inte omfattas av revisionsplikten samt auktoriserade redovisningskonsulter. De intressenter som studien berör är kreditinstitut samt Skatteverket. Med Skatteverket genomfördes en intervju medan resterande respondenter fick enkäter varför både en kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod använts. Slutsatsen är att SME företag tjänar på att anlita en auktoriserad redovisningskonsult istället för en revisor. Redovisningskonsulten tar mindre i arvode samt har i jämförelse med revisorerna ett relativt högt förtroende vilket troligtvis kommer öka med tiden på grund av auktorisationen. Vi anser även att revisorerna kommer bli tvungna att rikta in sig mer på rådgivningstjänster för att kunna konkurrera med redovisningskonsulterna om företag utan revisionsplikt. Revisionens tid för mindre företag verkar vara förbi.

The aim of the thesis is to compare accounting programs from the point of view of the use of information that are important for management companies. The theoretical part deals with the general approach to processing business information in the accounting. Next there is explained an overview of what information in the field of accounting are important and necessary for the job of financial manager. The practical part contains an analysis of at least three accounting programs, with the main focus on what information from the selected accounting program managers need in their work and what information is actually gaining from the program. In practical part, there are also compared results of individual organizations; information is gathered through in-depth interview with financial managers selected companies.

The theses works with company social responsibility in a banking sector, it's reporting and with a way it influences total brand value. The theoretical part is focused on description of social responsibility and company's philantropy with a emphasis on it's benefits for a company. Special parts are dedicated to possibilities of brand value evaluation and also to a new EU directive on non-profit report. Practical part of the research is focused on Česká spořitelna, her activities in the field and it's management. The author measures an influence of ČS CSR activities on general brand awareness among both groups employees and customers. The author uses explorative probe. The author also offers some recommendations for more effective CSR management and it's use for brand value strengthening based on the results of the research.