In the United States, total small business outstanding loans declined by 2.5 % in 2013, compared to a 10.4% increase in 2012. Scholars and business practitioners have indicated that small business entrepreneurs experience constraints in accessing capital to grow their businesses. Many small firm owners lack the financial strategies for gaining access to capital to sustain their businesses. Building on system functionality theory, the purpose of this exploratory multiple case study was to explore the financial strategies among 3 purposefully-selected small business owners in Washington DC metro area who successfully overcame the financial constraints. Six themes emerged from the thematic analysis of interview data: credit cards, family and friends, own financing, bank financing, crowdfunding, and government grants and loans. These small firm owners preferred to use their own financing or to borrow from family and friends rather than lending from the banks because of borrowing constraints. Some of the lending limitations included high-interest rates, lack of collateral, provision of a robust business plan, and availability of good financial records. The findings from this study may contribute to social change by providing business owners with more knowledge on financial strategies to use in accessing capital to sustain their businesses. With the improvement in business profitability, business owners will contribute to the economic growth of the local community through the provision of employment opportunities and social amenities.

Financial Management for Nurse Managers: Merging the Heart with the Dollar, Fourth Edition is a unique text that addresses the financial management issues faced by nurse leaders in a variety of settings, including hospitals, ambulatory/outpatient clinics, long-term care facilities, and home care. With an evidence-based and practical approach, it covers a wide-range of financial information, including healthcare finance, economics, budgeting, reimbursements, accounting, and financial strategies. Completely updated and revised, the Fourth Edition features a new, streamlined structure that concentrates on core financial management topics while condensing supplemental material. As a result, the text is organized into three parts: * Healthcare, the Economy, and Value-Based Purchasing * Budget Principles * Financial Strategies and Accounting Issues The Fourth Edition also focuses on bringing financial concepts to life for students with real-life applications in nursing practice. For instructors, it offers invaluable resources, such as staffing and budgeting practice activities.Completely updated and revised, the Fourth Edition features a new, streamlined structure that concentrates on core financial management topics while condensing supplemental material. As a result, the text is organized into three parts: Healthcare, the Economy, and Value-Based Purchasing Budget Principles Financial Strategies and Accounting Issues The Fourth Edition also focuses on bringing financial concepts to life for students with real-life applications in nursing practice. For instructors, it offers invaluable resources, such as staffing and budgeting practice activities. Applicable Courses Nursing: Financial Management, Finance, Budgeting, and Finance / https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1139/thumbnail.jpg

Syfte: Uppsatsen syftar till att förklara hur byggherreföretag investerar i konstnärlig gestaltning. Genom analysen besvaras undersökningsfrågorna som handlar om vilka investeringar och strategier som tillämpas av byggherrarna för konstnärlig gestaltning, samt vilka faktorer som påverkar deras beslut att arbeta med konst och kultur. Teoretiskt perspektiv: Studien görs ur ett företagsperspektiv med hjälp av teorier om hur olika värden kan genereras utifrån kulturen tillsammans med teorier om strategier, investering och beslutsfattande.   Metod: Vi har gjort en kvalitativ studie med en abduktiv ansats. Undersökningen är gjord som en explorativ fallstudie. I en kommun har vi valt tre verksamma byggföretag med pågående byggprojekt. Data har samlats in genom intervjuer, deltagande på seminarier samt sekundärdata såsom rapporter och styrdokument. Slutsats: Det finns en motsättning mellan hur kommunen och byggherrarna ser på konstnärlig gestaltning som leder till att initiativkraften är låg. Resultaten visar att byggherrarna inte använder någon specifik investeringskalkyl som ekonomiskt underlag för konstnärlig gestaltning. Byggherrarna låter istället den konstnärliga gestaltningen ingå i den totala budgetkalkylen för hela nybyggnationen. Byggherrarna anser själva att de inte har någon medveten strategi men i vår studie har tre gemensamma faktorer identifierats vilka är avgörande för om och hur företaget inkluderar konstnärlig gestaltning i sina byggprojekt: ekonomi, kundernas önskemål och kommunens krav. Resultaten visar slutligen att byggherrarna har bristande uppfattningar om kulturens olika värden och kommunen skulle bättre kunna utnyttja sina möjligheter att genom förväntningar och riktlinjer öka inslaget av konstnärlig gestaltning. / Purpose: This dissertation aims to explore artistic representation investments by property developers. The report aims to analyse how property developers formulate their strategies and how they invest in artistic representation. In addition the report investigates which elements affect their decision to work with artistic representation. These are the research questions that formed the basis for the investigation. Frame of reference: The study is done in the light of theories about how different values ​​can be generated based on cultural expressions along with theories about strategies, investment and decision making. Method: One municipality and three property developers with ongoing construction projects have been the object for this study. Data were collected through interviews and participation in seminars and through secondary data such as reports and policy documents. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a disagreement between how municipalities and property developers view art. The results show that the property developers do not use capital budgeting as funding for artistic creation. A common finding for all the companies is that they include the artistic interpretation in the overall budget estimate. It was also discovered that the developers themselves believe that they do not have a conscious strategy. However, in the survey, three common factors were identified that are crucial for whether the property developers include artistic representation in their construction projects: financing, the clients requests and the demands of the municipalities. Finally, the results also suggest that property developers do not take into account other values ​​that art and culture can generate.

In the United States, many small businesses fail within the first 5 years due to poor implementation of long term financial strategies. Researchers and business practitioners indicated that women small business owners face challenges in financing their small businesses beyond 5 years due to a lack of long-term financial strategies. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore long term financial strategies women use to sustain their small businesses beyond 5 years. The general theory of entrepreneurship was the conceptual framework for this study. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 11 women small business owners in Cleveland County, North Carolina, who had been in business beyond 5 years and the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis data. The 3 themes discovered were methods of funding small businesses, challenges for women as small business owners, and entrepreneurial spirit. The implications for positive social change include the potential to affect the long term success of women entrepreneurs by providing knowledge on financial strategies. The success of women small business owners strengthens local economies by stimulating economic growth, increasing the employment rate, and improving the standard of living of the area.

Magister Commercii - MCom / This research attempts to discover whether the Adaptive Market Hypothesis theory is applicable in the South African financial market and explores the innovation and cyclical profitability implications of the Adaptive Market Hypothesis theory. This is achieved in two parts: first by determining if returns follow a random walk or not and second by analysing the consistency of technical and fundamental factors to explain the cross-section of equity returns between 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2017. The tests of stock return dependency include a total of five tests on the average monthly returns for each stock in the ALSI covering normality and random walk theory for the duration of the two sub-periods and entire examination period.

本論文主要是探討思科公司如何成功的利用其成長策略一併購，未達成公司的成長目標。首先，簡要介紹思科公司創辦以來輝煌的經營績效。接著，我們探討其所處的產業環境以及公司發展目標的沿革、變遷。再來，我們嘗試瞭解其成長策略的運用和搭配的財務策略，諸如：資本形成、付款工具、企業風險等。借著分析其長期的財務統計資料，讓我們得以驗證思科策略的成功。我們也試圖分析決定其策略的箇中原委，進而深究移植思科成功經驗的可行性。 / Abstract This is the case study to investigate how Cisco has being successful to utilize strategies of mergers and acquisition for his corporate growth. It has structure breakdown to kernel to catch the truth. Starting from briefing about his amazing operation records during recent years, then we try to figure out what kinds of growth strategies which Cisco have applied in products planning and resources allocation to overcome undetermined business environments. It is mergers and acquisition strategies to fulfill his dream. We are interested in his motivations to choose such an external growth way and investigate how does Cisco make deals in mergers and acquisition. Then we get into how his financial strategies to support mergers and acquisition from the aspect of capital formation. We applied Pecking Order Theory to overview Cisco's financial strategies. We are also interested in the reason why stock swap is so popular in mergers and acquisition in high technical industry. We evaluated mergers and acquisition performance with financial indexes from company-wise point of view. Finally we concluded his successful formula and constraints applied in business in Taiwan.

The 2008 financial crisis created new conditions for the listed Swedish property companies and the choice of operational and financial strategy became increasingly important. The purpose of this paper is to identify the listed property companies and their strategies for the period 2002 ‐2011, in order to examine whether these has changed in any direction and if they  were  more  or  less  profitable.  To  accomplish  this,  data  was  collected  from  the companies' annual reports and statistical institutes. This was followed up with interviews with  company  representatives  and  experts  to  further  broadened  the  analytical  basis. Collected data helped to identify each companies strategies year by year. The  analysis  revealed  some  trends  among  companies  regarding  their  operational  and financial strategy. By looking at the Operating strategies we have found that the companies have become more specialized towards either a particular property type or to a geographical region. The companies have also increased their focus on cash flow and reduced their focus on transactions. Financially, the companies have reduced their risks by seeking a more long term capital structure. Alternative sources of funding such as bonds have also become more common among the companies. With  the  exception  of  the  specialization  strategy, the  most  obvious  change in  strategy occurred in connection with the financial crisis of 2008. It was also found that the companies that were most transaction ‐intensive also have been most volatile in a profit perspective. / Finanskrisen 2008 skapade nya förutsättningar för de noterade svenska fastighetsbolagen och valet av operativ och finansiell strategi blev allt mer viktig. Syftet  med  denna  uppsats  är  att  kartlägga  de  noterade  Fastighetsbolagen  och  deras strategier under perioden 2002 ‐2011, för att sedan undersöka huruvida dessa förändrats i någon riktning och om  de varit mer eller mindre gynnsamma. För att genomföra detta samlades data in från bolagens årsredovisningar och statistiska institut. Detta följdes upp med    intervjuer    där    bolagsrepresentanter    och    sakkunniga    ytterligare    breddade analysunderlaget. Insamlad data bidrog till att fastställa de enskilda bolagens strategier år för år. Analysen visade vissa trender bland bolagen gällande deras operativa och finansiella strategi. Operativt har bolagen blivit mer specialiserade mot antingen en viss fastighets typ eller mot en geografisk region. Bolagen har också ökat fokus på kassaflöden/förvaltning och minskat fokus  på  transaktioner.  Finansiellt  har  bolagen  minskat  riskerna genom  att  sträva  efter längre   kapital ‐   och   räntebindning.   Man   har   också   i   större   grad   sökt   alternativa finansieringskällor såsom obligationer. Med undantag för specialiseringsstrategin har de tydligaste förändringarna i strategin skett i samband med finanskrisen 2008. Det visade sig också att de bolag som varit mest transaktionsintensiva också har varit mest volatila i ett resultatperspektiv.

The 2008 financial crisis created new conditions for the listed Swedish property companies and the choice of operational and financial strategy became increasingly important. The purpose of this paper is to identify the listed property companies and their strategies for the period 2002 ‐2011, in order to examine whether these has changed in any direction and if they were more or less profitable. To accomplish this, data was collected from the companies' annual reports and statistical institutes. This was followed up with interviews with company representatives and experts to further broadened the analytical basis. Collected data helped to identify each companies strategies year by year. The analysis revealed some trends among companies regarding their operational and financial strategy. By looking at the Operating strategies we have found that the companies have become more specialized towards either a particular property type or to a geographical region. The companies have also increased their focus on cash flow and reduced their focus on transactions. Financially, the companies have reduced their risks by seeking a more long term capital structure. Alternative sources of funding such as bonds have also become more common among the companies. With the exception of the specialization strategy, the most obvious change in strategy occurred in connection with the financial crisis of 2008. It was also found that the companies that were most transaction ‐intensive also have been most volatile in a profit perspective. / Finanskrisen 2008 skapade nya förutsättningar för de noterade svenska fastighetsbolagen och valet av operativ och finansiell strategi blev allt mer viktig. Syftet med denna uppsats är att kartlägga de noterade Fastighetsbolagen och deras strategier under perioden 2002 ‐2011, för att sedan undersöka huruvida dessa förändrats i någon riktning och om de varit mer eller mindre gynnsamma. För att genomföra detta samlades data in från bolagens årsredovisningar och statistiska institut. Detta följdes upp med intervjuer där bolagsrepresentanter och sakkunniga ytterligare breddade analysunderlaget. Insamlad data bidrog till att fastställa de enskilda bolagens strategier år för år. Analysen visade vissa trender bland bolagen gällande deras operativa och finansiella strategi. Operativt har bolagen blivit mer specialiserade mot antingen en viss fastighets typ eller mot en geografisk region. Bolagen har också ökat fokus på kassaflöden/förvaltning och minskat fokus på transaktioner. Finansiellt har bolagen minskat riskerna genom att sträva efter längre kapital ‐ och räntebindning. Man har också i större grad sökt alternativa finansieringskällor såsom obligationer. Med undantag för specialiseringsstrategin har de tydligaste förändringarna i strategin skett i samband med finanskrisen 2008. Det visade sig också att de bolag som varit mest transaktionsintensiva också har varit mest volatila i ett resultatperspektiv.

Small auto repair business owners need strong operational skills; however, some lack expertise in managerial strategy. The purpose of this multiple case study was to identify managerial strategies small auto repair business owners use to sustain businesses in Columbus, Ohio with respect to strategy, time management, and alteration of value chain services. Based on the Vroom expectancy theory of motivation, small auto repair business owners may use effectiveness and efficiency of business performance with particular emphasis on managerial strategic development and execution to enhance financial results and rewards. Data collection involved face-to-face, semistructured interviews with 5 small auto repair business owners. Analysis of the interview transcripts involved coding data to identify key themes. Themes that emerged from the study included effective managerial strategies for small auto repair business owners, business plans, initial challenges and addressing subsequent changes, education and certification, customer satisfaction and business knowledge, and financial analysis and reporting. Recommendations for enhanced small auto repair business ownership focus included adequate access to resources to achieve operational competence and achieve managerial success. Findings from this study might engender positive social change by providing owners of small auto repair businesses ways to improve planning processes and make prudent investments to ensure long-term, viable, and sustainable businesses.

A failure of a small business has a negative impact on the economic health of the community where the small business operates. Small businesses are significant entities in economies around the world, but small businesses have a high failure rate. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore what financial strategies small business manufacturing leaders use to increase productivity and profitability to sustain the business for longer than 5 years. The population for this study was three small manufacturing business owners in Pennsylvania who have been in business over 5 years and have used financial strategies to increase productivity and profitability. The theory of planned behavior was the conceptual framework for the study. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and direct observation. Methodological triangulation was used to analyze the data. Four themes emerged after the data was coded in NVivo: the importance of company data, planning for a sustainable future using capital expenditures, cash flow management, and owner/employee collaboration in decision-making. The potential for positive social change includes increasing the survival rates of small businesses. The increase in small business survivals may potentially contribute to increases in employment rates in the community of small manufacturing businesses, leading to increased family incomes and improved overall economic health of the community.