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The field of sustainability reporting has been studied for a number of decades but how companies respond to sustainability reporting regulations is still understudied. To lessen the gap, this thesis uses an institutional perspective to analyze how Swedish financial companies respond to the new regulation demanding all larger companies to disclose a sustainability report. The thesis takes a qualitative approach by conducting interviews at seven companies to investigate how institutional elements influences their sustainability disclosure processes. Findings show that the content of the reports is not largely affected due to normative elements providing a higher standard than the regulation demands. The reason for this can to a large extent be explained by the use of accepted frameworks which acts as the norm. The thesis also finds that though the content is not largely affected, the regulation affects the internal processes, requiring companies to examine and evaluate their existing sustainability agendas. The findings provide a complement to existing research that to a large degree consists of quantitative research as it illuminates how companies view their sustainability report and the reasoning for disclosing it. The influence of regulation on sustainability reporting is still an understudied subject and more research is needed to address this gap.

abstract: This dissertation examines the organizational discourse of business meetings in a Kuwaiti financial organization (Innovative Kuwait Co., pseudonym) and an American non-profit trade organization (Global Phoenix, pseudonym). Specifically, I explore the discourse and social identities, agency, and power used in staff members' task-oriented business meetings (Bargiela-Chiappini & Harris, 1997). The study is based on ethnographic business meetings data collected during eight months of fieldwork in 2010, 2011 and 2012. I used three major qualitative methodologies: observation, audio recording, and feedback focus group. In this study, I propose three research questions: 1) How does agency of staff members reflect membership in the corporate culture of an organization as a whole? 2) How is power used in relation to agency in business meetings? And 3) How are discourse and social identities of staff members enacted in business meetings? The analyses of ethnographic and fieldwork data demonstrate similar and different business linguistic behaviors in the two companies. In Innovative Kuwait Co., male managers are responsible for opening and closing the meetings. They also perform power by using language directives and suggestions directed to staff members. In contrast, female staff members in the Kuwaiti company participated insignificantly in meetings and produce more nonverbal cues. However, in one meeting, a female manager organized the discussion by controlling topics and giving directions. In Global Phoenix, female managers outnumber their male counterparts; therefore, agency, power, discourse, and social identities are performed differently. Female managers are responsible for opening and closing the meetings and for organizing the overall discussions. Additionally, female and male staff members participate equally and they interrupted their colleagues less frequently compared to staff members in Kuwait. Interestingly, American staff members laugh and joke more together than staff members in Kuwait. The findings of this dissertation will contribute to existing linguistic literature on business discourse and the examination of social meanings and structures in organizations, explaining how language shapes the actions and relationships of business staff members. This dissertation will also encourage business people to become mindful of the role of language and language training in developing and maintaining the corporate culture of their organizations. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. English 2012

Submitted by Ivandro Oliveira (professorivandrooliveira@gmail.com) on 2018-10-07T19:38:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - Ivandro de Almeida Oliveira (Versão FINAL de 07 10 2018).pdf: 2925486 bytes, checksum: 4e866ab69e37651ee4bdf137e7c3e559 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2018-10-29T17:37:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - Ivandro de Almeida Oliveira (Versão FINAL de 07 10 2018).pdf: 2925486 bytes, checksum: 4e866ab69e37651ee4bdf137e7c3e559 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-29T17:38:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - Ivandro de Almeida Oliveira (Versão FINAL de 07 10 2018).pdf: 2925486 bytes, checksum: 4e866ab69e37651ee4bdf137e7c3e559 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-28 / Objetivo - O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a participação de empresas financeiras em não-financeiras, direta ou indiretamente, seja pela participação de bancos e as empresas que compõem o conglomerado, mesmo as empresas de participação societária, as chamadas holdings, que não são empresas financeiras, ou através dos fundos de investimentos cujos os administradores e ou gestores são ligados a bancos. Metodologia – O delineamento da pesquisa teve o aspecto documental, pois foram analisadas as participações acionárias de todos os fundos de investimentos de administradores ligados aos cinco maiores bancos brasileiros (excetuamos o BNDES por não comercializar fundos de investimentos) através do sistema Quantum, da Paramita Tecnologia Consultoria Financeira e as composições acionárias das dez maiores empresas não-financeiras na composição do IBOVESPA em 28/12/2016, através do sistema Broadcast, do Jornal Estadão, buscando participações acionárias significativas dos seis maiores bancos brasileiros nestas dez maiores empresas não-financeiras, e para essas participações, seja de forma direta ou indireta, inclusive por meio de holdings, analisamos os indícios dos efeitos que possam ter desvirtuados as práticas da empresa participada das exercidas pelo mercado em que estão inseridas, que venham a causar danos para o segmento e para a economia nacional como um todo. Resultados – Evidenciamos a participação e influência significativa de empresas financeiras em não-financeiras, indicamos as brechas na atual legislação brasileira em vigor, contrastamos com o que houve e há na legislação dos Estados Unidos, por ser um país conhecido pelo seu mercado financeiro complexo e desenvolvido e sugerimos melhorias na legislação nacional, com o objetivo de impedir as participações e influências significativas de empresas financeiras em não-financeiras, que possam causar danos à economia nacional. Limitações – A amostra combinada de participações acionárias dos seis maiores bancos nas dez maiores empresas não-financeiras restringe o resultado a uma realidade voltada a empresas de grande porte e aos maiores grupos financeiros do Brasil, sem que sejam levadas em conta as demais realidades que podem ser exploradas em outras pesquisas. A pesquisa se limitou ao estudo das empresas não-financeiras cotadas em bolsa de valores. Também não analisamos os vieses políticos encontrados e que podem ter afetado a administração dessas empresas. Aplicabilidade do trabalho – A partir desses resultados, é possível uma análise fundamentada das brechas na atual legislação brasileira que possibilitam participações acionárias e influência significativa de grandes empresas financeiras em não-financeiras, de forma direta ou indireta, os danos causados à economia setorial e nacional, de forma que seja possível, com base nesse diagnóstico, alterar as leis e cessar as brechas existentes de forma que seja estancada as intervenções apontadas. Contribuições para a sociedade – Ao identificar focos de intervenção e constatar as brechas na legislação brasileira e traçar um paralelo com o que houve de similar nos Estados Unidos, este estudo contribui para o futuro aprimoramento da legislação envolvida e do funcionamento da economia nacional. / Purpose - The objective of this research is to analyze the participation of financial companies in nonfinancial, directly or indirectly, either by the participation of banks and other companies in conglomerate, even the holding companies, nonfinancial companies, or through investment funds whose managers and/or administrators are linked to banks. Design/Methodology - The research design had the documentary aspect, as we analyzed the equity of all the investment funds of administrators linked to the five largest Brazilian banks (except the BNDES for not marketing investment funds) through the Quantum system of Paramita Tecnologia Financial Consulting and shareholdings of the ten largest non-financial companies in the composition of IBOVESPA on 12/28/2016, through the Broadcast system of the Jornal Estadão, looking for significant shareholdings of the six largest Brazilian banks in these ten largest non-financial companies, and for these shareholdings, directly or indirectly, including through holding companies, we analyze the indications of the effects that may have distorted the practices of the investee company in those of the segment in which they are inserted, that may cause damages to that segment and to the national economy as a whole. Findings - We show the participation and significant influence of financial companies in non-financial companies, we indicate the gaps in current Brazilian legislation, we contrast with what has happened and there is in the United States legislation, because it is a country known for its complex financial market and developed and we suggest improvements in the national legislation, with the objective of preventing the participation and significant influence of financial companies in non-financial, that can cause damages to the national economy. Research limitations - The combined sample of equity of the six largest banks in the top 10 non-financial corporations restricts the result to a reality facing large companies and the largest financial groups in Brazil, without taking into account the other companies and biases that may be explored in other research. The research was limited to the study of non-financial companies listed on the stock exchange. We didn’t analyze the political biases encountered that may have affected the management of these companies. Practical implications - Based on these results, it is possible to analyze the gaps in the current Brazilian legislation that allow shareholdings and significant influence of large financial companies on non-financial, directly or indirectly, the damages caused to the sectorial and national economy, so that it is possible, on the basis of this diagnosis, to change the laws and cease existing gaps in order to stop the interventions mentioned. Social implications - By identifying intervention centers and finding gaps in Brazilian legislation and drawing a parallel with what was similar in the United States, this study contributes to the future improvement of the legislation involved and the functioning of the national economy.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:20:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 163071.pdf: 1020919 bytes, checksum: d38f60057e12ca6dfdc83ce2fe0fcca9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-31T00:00:00Z / Making business in a globalized world implies in increasing the exposure of nonfinancial companies to several financial risks as foreign exchange rates, commodities and interests rates; depending on the evolution of these variables, companies results may be affected significantly. There are plenty of academic theories which focus on benefits generated by risk management programs in non-financial companies as reduction of costs of financial distress and agency costs as well as the use of hedging strategies for tax purposes. These initiatives may contribute to the value creation for the business and may offer a better forecastability of future cash flows, reducing companies vulnerability to adverse market conditions. This study presents two business cases with Brazilian non-financial companies which had exposure on foreign currency and transactions with foreign currency derivatives were not identified from 1999 up to 2005, a period with high volatility of foreign currency rates. By the use of simulation models, some hedge strategies were proposed for the identified exposures for each company aiming at evaluating the effects of derivatives utilization on companies results for both value creation and volatility reduction for expected cash flows perspectives. This study does not recommend hedge strategies for a specific market situation but only demonstrates, empirically, which results would be achieved if specific strategies were implemented, considering that several others could be created for the same market situation. Results suggest some insights on derivatives utilization by non-financial companies – a brand new theme for Brazilian companies. / A realização de negócios em um mundo globalizado implica em aumentar a exposição das empresas não-financeiras a diversos riscos de origem financeira como câmbio, commodities e taxas de juros e que, dependendo da evolução destas variáveis macroeconômicas, podem afetar significativamente os resultados destas empresas. Existem diversas teorias acadêmicas que abordam sobre os benefícios gerados por programas de gestão de riscos em empresas não-financeiras como redução dos custos de financial distress e custos de agência bem como o uso de estratégias de hedge para fins fiscais. Tais iniciativas contribuiriam, em última instância, para a criação de valor para o negócio e poderiam garantir uma melhor previsibilidade dos fluxos de caixa futuros, tornando as empresas menos vulneráveis a condições adversas de mercado. Este trabalho apresenta dois estudos de caso com empresas não-financeiras brasileiras que possuíam exposições em moeda estrangeira e que não foram identificadas operações com derivativos cambiais durante o período de 1999 a 2005 que foi caracterizado pela alta volatilidade da taxa de câmbio. Através de modelos de simulação, algumas estratégias com o uso de derivativos foram propostas para as exposições cambiais identificadas para cada empresa com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da utilização destes derivativos cambiais sobre os resultados das empresas no que se refere à agregação de valor para o negócio e redução de volatilidade dos fluxos de caixa esperados. O trabalho não visa recomendar estratégias de hedge para determinada situação de mercado mas apenas demonstra, de forma empírica, quais os resultados seriam obtidos caso certas estratégias fossem adotadas, sabendo-se que inúmeras outras poderiam ser criadas para a mesma situação de mercado. Os resultados sugerem alguns insights sobre a utilização de derivativos por empresas não-financeiras sendo um tema relativamente novo para empresas brasileiras.