The diploma thesis is focused on the role of appearance in electoral decision making in the presence of political information and voters' characteristics. In the theoretical part experimental researches and real elections researches, which are focused on the appearance of political candidates, are presented. The results highlight the presence of stereotyped thinking in electoral decision making, the influence of the appearance of attractive candidates and the perceived competencies, that have a predominantly positive effect on electoral success, the negative evaluation of candidates with higher weight, and the inconsistent evaluation of ethnicity and gender of political candidates. Current research has shown that a political program, shared values and personalities at the head of political parties have been selected in the elections of political parties, and in the fictitious elections the candidate with the same political attitude has the greatest chance of success. However, the appearance of political candidates affects the success of candidates even in the presence of political attitudes and the characteristics of the respondents. Preferred is the attractiveness of the candidate and the appearance of competence, which is controlled by attractiveness and older age. A nice look of political...

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die primere skoolkind bevind horn in 'n fase van groot verandering wat aanpassings verg en hoe eise stel. Die ervaringe wat die kind gedurende hierdie tydperk opdoen, is beduidend omdat dit sy vormingsjare is. Omdat die kind nie altyd kan verbaliseer watter probleme hy ervaar nie, is met hierdie studie gepoog om vas te stel of skooltekeninge van enige diagnostiese waarde kan wees om die kind in nood te verstaan. Die empiriese studie het bewys dat skooltekeninge nie net waarde as 'n identifiseringsmedium inhou nie, maar ook as 'n aanvullende ortopedagogiese medium aangewend kan word. Die kind neig om sy probleme, persepsies, houdings en so meer visueel te projekteer. Hoewel hierdie studie bevindinge van vroeere navorsing bevestig, is bepaalde verskille ook geidentifiseer. Die studie is afgesluit met riglyne vir die gebruik van skooltekeninge, asook aanbevelings met die oog op die verfyning van hierdie projeksiemedium. / The primary school child finds himself in a phase of great change which makes high demands and requires adjustments. What happens to the child during these years is critical because these are foundation laying years. Because a child is not always able to verbalise problems which he may experience, this study is an . endeavour to determine whether school drawings have any diagnostic value to identify a child in need. The empirical study has confirmed that school drawings have diagnostic value not only as a medium of identification, but also as a supplementary orthopedagogical medium. The child· tends to project his problems, perceptions and attitude visually. Although this study confirms findings of previous studies, certain differences were also identified. The study was concluded with guidelines for the use of school drawings, as well as recommendations regarding the refinement of this projection medium. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (met spesialisering in Voorligting)

Devrions-nous nous fier à notre inconscient pour l’achat de notre maison ou de notre prochaine voiture ?Dijksterhuis, Bos, Nordgren et van Baaren, (2006), répondent par l’affirmative à cette question. En effet, d’après ces chercheurs, effectuer une tâche de distraction, comme résoudre des anagrammes pendant quelques minutes, permettrait de « penser inconsciemment » et d’améliorer la qualité des décisions complexes. Avant de prendre une décision complexe, il faudrait donc s'abstenir de réfléchir à l'ensemble des avantages et inconvénients que présenterait chaque option. Etant donné les implications de ces résultats dans divers domaines tels que le management, la politique ou encore la justice, l’objet de cette thèse consistera à réexaminer et passer au crible la méthodologie des expériences relatives à la « théorie de la pensée inconsciente » (Diksterhuis & Nordgren, 2006). Les sept études menées suggèrent que l’apparente supériorité des décisions prises après une période de distraction n'est pas le fruit de la "pensée inconsciente" mais résulte en fait d'un effet néfaste de la <p>réflexion consciente pouvant survenir lorsqu’une première impression de bonne qualité a été formée au préalable. Les résultats indiquent également qu’en l’absence de première impression, la réflexion s’avère bénéfique. / Should we trust our unconscious when buying a house or a new car? That is exactly what Dijksterhuis, Bos, Nordgren and van Baaren, (2006) have been recommending. Indeed, according to these researchers, performing a distraction task such as solving anagrams would allow to think unconsciously and therefore enhance the quality of complex decisions. Before making a complex decision, we should thus avoid thinking consciously about the advantages and drawbacks of each alternative. Given the implications of these findings in various areas such as management, politics, or justice, this thesis will thoroughly reexamine the method of experiments relative to the unconscious thought theory (Diksterhuis & Nordgren, 2006). The seven experiments suggest that the apparent superiority of decisions made after distraction does not result from unconscious thought but rather from the fact that further conscious deliberation can deteriorate high quality first impressions. The results also suggest that thinking consciously enhances the quality of decisions in the absence of such prior first impressions.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished