Reverse micelles systems AOT/isooctane was used for the concentration chymotrypsin from crude aqueous extract of red perch (intestine). The effects of pH and AOT concentration in the forward extraction step and pH and KCl concentration in the backward extraction step on the enzyme activity, purification fold and recovery yield were studied. The optimum conditions for the forward extraction were AOT concentration 20 mM and pH of 7.0 and optimum conditions for backward extraction were KCl concentration 1.0 M and pH of 7.5 which gave a good recovery yield (102.24%) and a purification (32.24-fold). The addition of 15% v/v alcohol in backward extraction dramatically improved recovery yield by 4.5 times and purification by 2.5 times. The enzyme activity and recovery yield obtained using reverse micelles method under its optimal conditions were 2 fold higher than those obtained using the ammonium sulphate precipitation method, while purification fold were 3 fold higher. / Fish processing waste can be used to produce commercially valuable by-products, such as chymotrypsin which has application in various industries including the food industry, leather production industry and chemical industry. My project is to produce valuable by-products from the fish processing.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-15T13:36:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliett de fatima Xavier da Silva.pdf: 686103 bytes, checksum: 6d24d97946373fdf1283e5d402f80f4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T13:36:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliett de fatima Xavier da Silva.pdf: 686103 bytes, checksum: 6d24d97946373fdf1283e5d402f80f4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / With the intensification of fish farming in Brazil the cultivation of tilapia has been expressive, mainly in the Northeast and Southeast. Due to the growth of exports, it had pushed up the installation of processing units fillet because of their high commercial value can yield more than 30% of the weight of the animal. The rest is considered waste of no commercial value (meat remains, head, skin, bones, scales and viscera) which had to be discarded without treatment, represent a serious environmental problem. However, carcasse is a rich material protein while, visceras is a source in digestive enzymes, including proteases, which can be used in the food industry and the production of protein hydrolysates. Thus, the objective of this study was to produce and characterize fish protein hydrolysate by enzymatic autolysis, and compare its performance with a commercial enzyme. For this, the following enzymatic sources were used: crude extracts of intestine with concentrations of 100 and 600 mg / mL and an extract with commercial alcalase to 0,5% (v/v). All extracts had their proteolytic activities and protein concentration determined. Later, three fish protein hydrolysates were produced (n = 3), by two autolysis (FPH100 and 600) and another enzyme with alcalase (HPPcom). The degree of hydrolysis (DH) was calculated as the soluble peptides concentration after TCA precipitation. In the end of 4 hours the GH of FPH600 was 61, 82% of HPPcom was 44,66% and FPH100 was 28,40%. An aliquot of the last time of hydrolysis of each hydrolysate was applied in SDS-PAGE and the molecular weights were estimated to be 116,25 and 37,41 kDa. Enzymatc activities were demonstrated by zymogram. The centesimal composition showed that the carcass of tilapia has 423.60 g/kg crude protein and FPHcom, 100, and 600 have 584,80; 407,00 and 508,20 g/kg, respectively. The amino acid composition, as well as the profile of essential fatty acids, showed to supplyt the nutritional requirements of carnivorous and omnivorous shrimp in the juvenile phase. These data showed that the proteases acted on the hydrolysis and FPH produced by autolysis have characteristics to be used in the production of feed for aquatic organisms. / Com a intensificação da piscicultura no Brasil, o cultivo de tilápia tem sido expressivo, principalmente nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste. A instalação de unidades de processamento de filé foi impulsionada pelo crescimento das exportações deste produto de alto valor comercial, que pode render mais de 30% do peso do animal. O restante é considerado resíduo sem valor comercial (resquícios de carne, cabeça, pele, ossos, escamas e vísceras) que, ao serem descartados sem tratamento, representam grave problema ambiental. Entretanto, carcaça é um material rico em proteína enquanto que as vísceras são fontes de enzimas digestivas, entre elas as proteases, que podem ser utilizadas na indústria de alimentos e na produção de hidrolisado protéico. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi produzir e caracterizar hidrolisado protéico de peixe a partir de autólise enzimática, bem como comparar seu desempenho com uma enzima comercial. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as seguintes fontes de enzimas: extratos brutos de intestino com concentrações de 100 e 600 mg/mL e um extrato com alcalase comercial a 0,5%. Todos os extratos tiveram suas atividades proteolíticas e concentrações protéicas determinadas. Posteriormente produziram-se três hidrolisados protéicos de peixe (n = 3), dois por autólise (HPP100 e 600) enzimática e outro com alcalase (HPPcom). O grau de hidrólise (GH) foi calculado com base na concentração de peptídeos TCA solúveis e ao final de 4 horas o GH do HPP600 foi de 61,82%, do HPPcom de 44,66% e do HPP100 de 28,40%. Uma alíquota do último tempo de hidrólise de cada hidrolisado foi aplicada em gel de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE) e os pesos moleculares observados foram estimados entre 116,25 e 37,41 KDa. As atividades enzimáticas foram comprovadas mediante zimograma. A composição centesimal revelou que a carcaça da tilápia possui 423,60 g/kg de proteína bruta e os HPPcom, 100, e 600 possuem 584,80; 407,00 e 508,20 g/kg, respectivamente. A composição de aminoácidos, assim como o perfil de ácidos graxos essenciais, evidenciaram suprir os requerimentos nutricionais de camarões carnívoros e onívoros na fase juvenil. Os dados obtidos demonstram que as proteases atuaram nas hidrólises e os HPP produzidos por autólise possuem características compatíveis para ser empregada na produção de alimentos para organismos aquáticos.

Fish and fish waste can be used to produce various value added by products such as proteins, oil, omega-3 fatty acids, biodiesel, amino acids, peptides, collagen, gelatin and silage, each of which has various applications in the food industry, renewable energy and medicinal purposes. Fish protein contains amino acids and many bioactive peptides . Fish proteins are found in the flesh, head, frames, fin, tail, skin and guts in varying quantities. After removing the flesh, all other parts are considered waste which is not properly utilized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic extraction of amino acids from fish protein for use as substrates in the microbial production of jadomycin, an antimicrobial agent and potential anti-cancer drug. In this study, enzymatic extraction of proteins was carried out using Alcalase enzyme at three enzyme concentrations (0.5, 1 or 2%) and four time intervals (1, 2, 3 and 4 h). The fish protein hydrolysate was dried using spray dryer to obtain protein powder. The highest protein yield (76.30% from whole fish and 74.53% from the frame) was obtained using 2.0% enzyme concentration after 4 h of hydrolysis. The enzymatic extraction of amino acids were carried out using the enzymes Alcalase and Neutrase (individually and in combination) and the effect of reaction time (24 and 48 h) on the hydrolysis of proteins was studied. The profiling of amino acids was carried out using gas chromatography. Fourteen amino acids were extracted from fish proteins of which twelve amino acids have been used by researchers for the production of jadomycins. These are: alanine (7.59%), glycine (5.82%), histidine (3.59%), isoleucine (5.30%), leucine (9%), lysine (7.34%) methionine (2.2%), phenylalanine (4.2%), serine (4.3%), threonine (5.40%), tyrosine (3.17%) and valine (7.2%). Tryptophan which is suitable of producing jadomycin was not present in the fish protein. No reports were found in the literature for jadomycin production from glutamic acid. Therefore, glutamic acid (9.85%), and proline (0.98%) which are present in the fish protein should be investigated for possible production of jadomycins.

In order to decrease the pollution of the marine environment from dumping fish waste and by-catch, alternative use for co-digestion with sludge in anaerobic condition was studied. The purpose of this project is to optimize the methane potential from adjustment of the proportion among mixed substrates. Ten groups of different proportions among fish waste, by-catch and sludge were conducted with AMPTS II instrument under mesophilic condition (37 ± 0.5 ºC), by means of the principle of BMP test. The ratio of inoculums and mixed substrate was set as 3:2. The optimal MP obtained after an experiment with 13 days digestion was 0.533 Nm3 CH4/kg VS from the composition of sludge, by-catch and fish waste as 33 %, 45 % and 22 %. It was improved by 6 % and 25.6 %, to compare with the previous studies by Almkvist (2012) and Tomczak-Wandzel (personal communication, February 2012) respectively.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA15MA172.pdf: 630395 bytes, checksum: f43d3e3e988e19b889727b435ec35757 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of soluble and insoluble fractions of protein hydrolysates of different waste sardines (Clupeidae), on the performance of juvenile catfish. We tested two types of muscle hydrolyzate, soluble fraction and insoluble assessed individually (WSF and FIM) and combined with each other (WSF + END), and two types of viscera hydrolyzed soluble fraction of natural guts and industrialized (FSVN FSVI E) . The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments (type hydrolyzate) and five repetitions. The juveniles are kept in tanks of 30 liters with densidadel 8 fish per tank, to which were cultured for 56 days. The results were analyzed using parametric variance analysis (ANOVA) and subjected to the Duncan test (5% significance). The final best results, weight gain, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio were obtained with the diet containing a combination of soluble and insoluble fractions of the hydrolyzate muscle, and the diet containing the soluble fraction of the hydrolyzate of industrial offal. A diet containing hydrolyzed soluble industrial viscera was also the most consumed by the animals. A diet containing hydrolyzed insoluble muscle was the one that gave the worst results consumption. The worst feed conversion was obtained for the diet containing the soluble hydrolyzed muscle. Survival, body composition and ammonia excretion did not differ between treatments. The best performance results are obtained using crude hydrolysates which combine the benefits of both fractions. The degree of hydrolysis has a direct effect on feed intake. Furthermore, it was shown that soluble hydrolysates can be used at high levels of inclusion, from which nutrients are adequately balanced diets / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização das frações solúveis e insolúveis de hidrolisados proteicos de diferentes resíduos de sardinha (Sardinella sp.), sobre o desempenho de juvenis de jundiá. Foram testados dois tipos de hidrolisado de músculo, fração solúvel e insolúvel avaliadas individualmente (FSM e FIM) e combinadas entre si (FSM+FIM), e dois tipos de hidrolisado de vísceras, fração solúvel de vísceras natural e industrializada (FSVN E FSVI). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos (tipos de hidrolisado) e cinco repetições. Os juvenis foram mantidos em aquários de 30 litros, com densidade de 8 peixes por aquário, ao qual foram cultivados por 56 dias. Os resultados foram analisados por meio de Análise de Variância Paramétrica (ANOVA), e submetidos ao teste de Duncan (5% de significância). Os melhores resultados de peso final, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e taxa de eficiência proteica foram obtidas com a dieta contendo a combinação das frações solúveis e insolúveis do hidrolisado de músculo, e com a dieta contendo a fração solúvel do hidrolisado de vísceras industrial. A dieta contendo hidrolisado solúvel de vísceras industrial também foi a mais consumida pelos animais. A dieta contendo o hidrolisado insolúvel de músculo foi a que proporcionou os piores resultados de consumo. A pior conversão alimentar foi obtida para a dieta contendo o hidrolisado solúvel de músculo. A sobrevivência, a composição corporal e a excreção de amônia não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Os melhores resultados de desempenho são obtidos com hidrolisados brutos que combinam os benefícios das duas frações. O grau de hidrólise tem efeito direto sobre o consumo de ração. Além disso, foi demonstrado que os hidrolisados solúveis podem ser utilizados em níveis elevados de inclusão, desde que os nutrientes das dietas sejam adequadamente balanceados

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2017-03-13T17:58:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação BRUNO MELO LUSTOSA.pdf: 1176376 bytes, checksum: fdf74cf72aeb3a825338d5db9eff3e0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-13T17:58:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação BRUNO MELO LUSTOSA.pdf: 1176376 bytes, checksum: fdf74cf72aeb3a825338d5db9eff3e0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-27 / CNPQ / Os solos da caatinga, geralmente são pouco desenvolvidos, pedregosos, rasos e com baixa capacidade de retenção de água, e baixa fertilidade. O crescimento das plantas é diretamente afetado pela fertilidade dos solos e pode ser aumentado com a incorporação de resíduos orgânicos aos solos. A incorporação do resíduo orgânico de tanque de peixes foi testada em plantas jovens de Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart (A) e Spondias tuberosa Arr. Plantas com apenas um par de folhas verdadeiras foram transplantadas para rizotrons, contendo seis proporções do resíduo (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50%) misturado com solo de caatinga. Medidas biométricas foram realizadas semanalmente, e ao final do experimento foram mensurados biomassa das folhas, caules e raízes bem como a concentração de nutrientes nas folhas e raízes. As plantas de Aspidosperma pyrifolium tiveram o maior nas taxas de crescimento da parte aérea e da parte subterrânea e a menor razão raiz: parte aérea no tratamento com 10% de resíduo orgânico. Em Spondias tuberosa só houve aumento nas taxas de crescimento com resíduo 20 e 30% e houve uma diminuição linear na razão raiz: parte aérea em todos os tratamentos com exceção do 10%. Pode-se inferir que as plantas dos tratamentos de 10% para A. pyrifolium, e 20 e 30% para S. tuberosa apresentaram um maior investimento na parte aérea e melhor desenvolvimento em relação aos parâmetros biométricos, biomassa, área foliar e nutrientes. A incorporação de resíduos orgânicos pode auxiliar nas taxas de sobrevivência de mudas usadas para recuperação de áreas degradadas de Caatinga. / Soils of Caatinga are generally underdeveloped, stony, shallow, with poor water holding capacity and low fertility. Plant growth is affected directly by soil fertility and can be increased by incorporation of material to the sail. organic waste. The incorporation of an organic residue from fish tanks was tested in seedlings of Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart (A) and Spondias tuberosa Arr. Plants with the first pairs of true leaves were transplanted to rhizotrons, containing six residue concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) mixed with Caatinga soil. Biometric measurements were made weekly, and at the end of the experiment, biomass of root, stem and shoot, as well the nutrient concentrations in shoots and roots were mesured. Aspidosperma pyrifolium plants had the highest shoot and root growth rates and lower root: shoot ratio with 10% of residue. Spondias tuberosa growth rates increased only in treatments with 20 and 30% residue and there waste a linear decrease in root: shoot ratio was observed. We can infer that the treatments 10% para A. pyrifolium, and 20 and 30% for S. tuberosa showed greater investment in shoot and better development in relation to biometric parameters and parameters in biomass, leaf area, nutrients. Residue incorporation can increase seedling survivalin works aiming at recuperation of degraded Caatinga areas.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:13:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Wolff Bueno.pdf: 984593 bytes, checksum: b5da2ea5e5a88985033ca0621f4e67fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The relationship between men and environment has always been marked by anthropocentric logic, in which distinguishes man from nature and is elevated to the title and source of all other values. Under this logic, man has caused many environmental impacts, bringing to society some irreversible damages. However, this view is being increasingly criticized and revised. The global tension facing the responsibility in producing in a sustainable way, given that water resources are limited, drives a new global context, which requires a different way of thinking and acting. Therefore, the activity represented by aquaculture producers and entrepreneurs, feed mills, regulatory agencies, educational and research institutions may establish codes of conduct and environmentally responsible management practices in order to minimize the environmental impacts of animal production. Therefore, the objective of this study consisted of two experiments to determine the environmental impact in the aquatic environment of phosphorus in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In this context, the first experiment discusses the influence of different levels of phosphorus in the diet and the emission of effluents from the fish culture. We used 120 juvenile O. niloticus with mean weight of 85.11 ± 0.34 g to evaluate two levels (0.8 and 1.2%) of total phosphorus in the diet, to determine the apparent digestibility of phosphorus in the diets using chromic oxide (Cr2O3) incorporated in the rate of 0.1% in the diets. And to verify how the use of different ingredients in the diet will meet the requirements for tilapia and the total phosphorus in wastewater generation, total phosphorus digestibility, pellets stability in water, and minerals leaching in water from the diet were evaluated and quantified the waste generated to produce a ton of tilapia. Six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated containing 28% crude protein and 3000 kcal DE / kg with levels of 0.8% of total phosphorus, using dicalcium phosphate, meat and bone meal, poultry offal meal, anchovy meal, tilapia waste and bone meal as ingredients. We conclude that the use of 0.8% of total phosphorus promotes a better control of water quality and can be used as a nutritional strategy for reducing effluent from aquaculture. As for the ingredients, the best efficiency for total phosphorus was 83.74% for dicalcium phosphate, 77.73% for anchovy meal, 75.27% for tilapia meal and 73.42% for poultry meal in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia. Therefore through a balanced animal nutrition is possible to reduce the metabolites excretion in the water, reaching an adequate fish production with less environmental impact. / A relação da humanidade com o meio ambiente sempre foi marcada pela lógica antropocêntrica, na qual o homem distingue-se da natureza e é elevado ao título de fonte de todos os demais valores. Sob tal lógica, os homens provocaram inúmeros impactos ambientais, trazendo para a sociedade atual danos que podem ser irreversíveis. Todavia, tal visão está sendo cada vez mais criticada e revista. A tensão mundial frente à responsabilidade de se produzir com sustentabilidade, uma vez que os recursos hídricos são limitados, impulsiona um novo contexto global, que exige uma maneira diferente de pensar e de agir. Nesta conjuntura, a atividade aquícola representada pelos produtores e empreendedores, fábricas de rações, agências regulatórias, e instituições de ensino e pesquisa podem definir códigos de conduta e práticas de manejo ambientalmente responsáveis de forma a minimizar os impactos ambientais da produção animal. Diante desta problemática, o objetivo deste trabalho consistiu na realização de dois experimentos com o intuito de auxiliar na determinação do impacto ambiental do fósforo total em rações para juvenis de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) no ambiente aquático. Neste contexto, o primeiro experimento aborda a influência que a utilização de diferentes níveis de fósforo total na dieta possa promover devido à emissão de efluentes oriundos do cultivo de peixes. Utilizaram-se 120 juvenis de O. niloticus com 85,11 ± 0,34 g, com níveis de 0,8 e 1,2% de fósforo total na dieta para a determinação do coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente do fósforo em tilápias, aplicando-se como indicador o óxido crômico (Cr2O3) incorporado na proporção de 0,1% nas dietas. Posteriormente, para verificar a diferença que há no aproveitamento dos diferentes ingredientes utilizados na dieta para atender as exigências de fósforo total para tilápias e consequentemente na geração de efluentes, realizou-se um experimento, onde avaliaram-se a digestibilidade do fósforo total das rações, a estabilidade dos pélets de ração na água, a lixiviação dos minerais da ração durante sua exposição na água e a quantificação de efluentes gerados para produção de uma tonelada de tilápia. Para tanto, formularam-se seis rações isoprotéicas e isoenergéticas contendo 28% de proteína bruta e 3000 kcal de ED/kg com níveis de 0,8% de fósforo total, utilizando como ingredientes o fosfato bicálcico, farinha de carne e ossos, farinha de vísceras de aves, farinha de anchovas, farinha de resíduos de tilápia e farinha de ossos calcinada. Conclui-se que a utilização da dieta com disponibilidade de 0,8% de fósforo total promove o melhor controle da qualidade da água e pode ser utilizada como estratégia nutricional para diminuição de efluentes da aquicultura. Em relação aos ingredientes, a melhor eficiência na utilização do fósforo total foi de 83,74% para o fosfato bicálcico, 77,73% para a farinha de anchova, 75,27% para a farinha de tilápia e 73,42% para farinha de vísceras de aves em rações para juvenis de tilápias do Nilo. Portanto, por meio da nutrição animal é possível minimizar a excreção de metabolitos ao meio aquático proporcionando uma produção com menor impacto ambiental.