No description available.

This thesis sets out to examine issues of selectivity and availability in fishing and shellfish gathering by pre-European Maori at Triangle Flat in western Golden Bay. Faunal remains from four archaeological sites have revealed new and valuable information about economic subsistence practices in this region. It is proposed that exploitation of these important coastal resources was based on factors other than the availability of, proximity to resource patches. Evidence from the Triangle Flat sites is compared to that from Tasman Bay and the southern North Island to gain a regional perspective on fishing and shellfish gathering strategies. The most definitive evidence for selective targeting is provided by tuatua, an open beach species that has been found to dominate in sites based adjacent to tidal mud and sand flats. Also of interest is the dominance of mud snail in a site that is adjacent to large cockle and pipi beds. When regional sites were examined it was found that this pattern was also recorded for the site of Appleby in Tasman Bay. Selectivity in fishing strategies is also apparent with red cod and barracouta dominating the Triangle Flat assemblages. This pattern conforms to evidence from both eastern Golden Bay and Tasman Bay but does not reflect evidence from the southern North Island. Of particular interest is the apparent dearth of snapper in the sites at Triangle Flat, since snapper abounds in the area today. An explanation based on climatic change is considered to be the most feasible. This indicates that enviromentalal availability was at least in part responsible for the archaeological evidence of fishing. The consistency of the catch of red cod and barracouta in Golden Bay, and the pattern of shellfishing preferentially for tuatua suggests that cultural choice was also a significant selective factor.

<p>International travelling is moving full steam ahead and</p><p> Sweden as an international tourist destination plays an</p><p>increasingly important role for Swedish industry. This is</p><p>arguably even more so for peripheral areas where the</p><p>word <em>lay off </em>has become an unpleasantly well-worn</p><p>phrase. A cause of rejoicing is that these regions, at</p><p>road's end, show a sprouting business activity utilizing</p><p>what Sweden has in abundance - pristine nature. To say</p><p>that what cannot be seen does not exist is to go to the</p><p>extremes but marketing matters. It is paramount for</p><p>successful business. The focus of this thesis is small</p><p>companies whose marketing budget, alas, is</p><p>corresponding to the size of their business necessitating a</p><p>careful selection when deciding on marketing.</p><p> </p><p>Against this background we settled on the purpose of this</p><p>thesis; to look at how small tourism firms situated in the</p><p>upper northern half of Sweden are marketing themselves</p><p>today and to explore their knowlegde of causal</p><p>relationships in their marketing. This described research</p><p>aim was pursued by conducting a quantitative study by</p><p>using semi-structured interviews, the latter formed in a</p><p>deductive spirit.</p><p> </p><p>The study indicates a widespread acceptance to</p><p>cooperation but a somewhat worrying unawareness of the</p><p>causal relationship for different marketing tools. There</p><p>was a general belief in the benefit of undertaking</p><p>marketing research but fewer that actually had conducted</p><p>an analysis of the market. Strikingly many respondents</p><p>stated better surrounding nature and level of service to be</p><p>the distinguishing factors that put their company ahead of</p><p>the competition. Can that many companies be better than</p><p>the others? Someone is either telling lies or terribly</p><p>wrong. </p><p> </p>

As fishery production and habitat quality continues to experience declines, there is a growing need to improve the scientific methodologies used to assess and sustain economically and ecologically important fisheries. This requires a sound understanding of the life histories and population dynamics of each species, and development of a robust framework for population modeling. Realization of the multi-species nature of fisheries has prompted a shift towards ecosystem-based approaches to modeling. To evaluate alternative methods for modeling predator-prey interactions within a physically variable coastal-estuarine ecosystem, a food web of national economic and ecological significance comprised of Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), striped bass (Morone saxatilis), and bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) is considered in this study. Understanding the dynamics of biological communities such as this is challenging and requires the formulation of realistic mathematical models. This should be a stepwise process in which the underlying assumptions, parameter sensitivities, and fundamental behaviors of interacting species dynamics described by relatively "simple" to more "complex" models are delineated and quantified. In this study two alternative multispecies modeling frameworks were utilized to evaluate the dynamic interactions between predator and prey populations, and to understand the influence of fisheries and environmental temperature change on predator-prey and food chain communities. First, relatively "simple," age-independent, predator-prey and food chain models representing generalized, ecological-scale interactions between different trophic groups were developed and analyzed. Sensitivity analyses revealed the relative importance of model parameters and the effect of varying levels of fishing mortality on model dynamics. Overall, the predator-prey and food chain models were shown to be a valuable tool for understanding general patterns in the dynamic behavior of interacting populations. Next, an environment-dependent, age-structured, Atlantic coast spatial dynamic multispecies model was investigated. This more complex model links individual-scale bioenergetic processes controlling growth to ecological-scale rates of natural and predation mortality. Simulations were performed using recent stock assessment estimates of fishery condition and stock sizes to evaluate the nature and magnitude of linkages among menhaden and their key predators, specifically bluefish. This ecosystem model was demonstrated to provide valuable insights into the dynamics of menhaden and bluefish given the underlying dynamics and forcing in the Atlantic States fishery coastal ocean ecosystem. Additionally, the influence of environmental temperature on both modeling frameworks was investigated. This iterative process of model development and analysis advances the current understanding of the species and ecosystem of interest, and ultimately provides an improved basis for multispecies fisheries assessments.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Bibliography: leaves 188-193.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the ocean¡¦s sustainable uses and explore new development potentials for the Taiwanese fishing industry. In addition, several possible options are proposed, while the strategies for the operability and development of the Southern Ocean Park are discussed. Furthermore, analyses of the operations at the Little Ryukyu Demo Region, the preliminary demonstration site for the Southern Ocean Park, are performed and assessed. This research begins by analyzing the oceanic industries both in Taiwan and around the world, and then continues to examine ocean maricultures and aqua-farms. Legal regulations pertaining to the fishing industries are also investigated to assess the future and the potential of the Southern Ocean Park. The research draws the following key conclusions: 1. The ocean provides an important basis of development for Taiwan in its expansion of land use. 2. Current development of ocean use and relevant industries around the world are already showing progressive trends in a diversity of industries and fronts. 3. The Southern Ocean Park utilizes netted marine aqua-farms as a main developmental focus. However, opportunities to continue development in various oceanic industries in the future are greatly desired. 4. The netted marine aqua-farms are suitable for the growth of Taiwanese fishing industry, but are faced with the following issues: (1.) The degree of ocean pollution, although less than land-based mari-cultures and fisheries, are still an important and a necessary issue to address. Improvements to farming and feeding technologies will be required to reduce the environmental impact. (2.) The legal use of oceanic territories, especially pertaining to the regulation and security of netted marine aqua-farms, still await numerous bills to be passed. (3.) Faced with competition from other countries, a lack of immediate effort in Taiwan may result in losing the benefits and advantages of the netted marine aqua-farms. 5. The legal proceedings for the Southern Ocean Park have been categorized as part of the legislative group under the Ocean Administration Development Committee of the Executive Yuan. 6. The following presents key strategies in the development of the Southern Ocean Park: (1.) With the success of the Ryukyu Demo Region, the development can then be extended to other oceanic territories. The acquisition of such experience can serve to maximize the success rate of future, large-scale oceanic developments in other regions. (2.) Prime promoters of the Southern Ocean Park should persuade the higher-level government offices to draw attention and focus for the development of sustainable use of the environment and the bigger picture, rather than a singular development meant only for the fishing industries. This is the only way to acquire more resources and support from other offices and committees. (3.) After President Chen declared an increased effort to elevate oceanic industries in the south, the Southern Ocean Park has declined over time to its current status as an unimportant pending policy. Committed individuals must join forces with the legislative and scholar branches to apply continuous pressure on the Fishing Administration Department. This is the only way to successful stimulate proper development in the fishing industry. (4.) The Ryukyu Demo Region and other future regions should collect the local resources, especially those pertaining to tourism, and progress toward joint-industry developments. Consequently, the local communities will generate greater support, and bigger economic growth can then be expected.

International travelling is moving full steam ahead and  Sweden as an international tourist destination plays an increasingly important role for Swedish industry. This is arguably even more so for peripheral areas where the word lay off has become an unpleasantly well-worn phrase. A cause of rejoicing is that these regions, at road's end, show a sprouting business activity utilizing what Sweden has in abundance - pristine nature. To say that what cannot be seen does not exist is to go to the extremes but marketing matters. It is paramount for successful business. The focus of this thesis is small companies whose marketing budget, alas, is corresponding to the size of their business necessitating a careful selection when deciding on marketing.   Against this background we settled on the purpose of this thesis; to look at how small tourism firms situated in the upper northern half of Sweden are marketing themselves today and to explore their knowlegde of causal relationships in their marketing. This described research aim was pursued by conducting a quantitative study by using semi-structured interviews, the latter formed in a deductive spirit.   The study indicates a widespread acceptance to cooperation but a somewhat worrying unawareness of the causal relationship for different marketing tools. There was a general belief in the benefit of undertaking marketing research but fewer that actually had conducted an analysis of the market. Strikingly many respondents stated better surrounding nature and level of service to be the distinguishing factors that put their company ahead of the competition. Can that many companies be better than the others? Someone is either telling lies or terribly wrong.

In July 1997 Selkirk First Nation Citizens or Selkirk First Nation Peoples in the community of Pelly Crossing, Yukon signed the Selkirk First Nation Final Land Claims Agreement (Modern Day Treaty) and the Selkirk First Nation Self-Government Agreement with the Government of Yukon and the Government of Canada. Prior to 1997 they were under the auspices of the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs (DIAND) and did not have the autonomy to create policy and law for land management. Rather, they were required to adhere to regulations that were mandated by the Yukon Wildlife Act and other institutions created by the Yukon or Federal Governments. The methodology employed in this study was aimed at providing an accurate assessment of change while at the same time ensuring that Selkirk First Nation perspectives remained uppermost. To achieve this, community and personal insights were gained through interviews, family group discussions and the observation of community activities. To ensure that these perspectives were positioned in an accurate historical and political context an examination of public, private, and government records were also undertaken. This research has provided the platform upon which I formed my conceptualizations that Selkirk First Nation Peoples are benefiting both culturally and traditionally. The significance of this research will provide alternatives for other First Nations who pursue land claims and who are building their hunting and fishing laws or Wildlife Acts upon cultural values and traditional pursuits that are distinct from those mandated federally, provincially, or territorially. It is also anticipated that First Nations who are in the process of negotiating Comprehensive Land Claims Agreements acknowledge that certainty regarding Aboriginal rights and title go above and beyond what is defined by the dominant Governments and the Courts.

This study was designed to investigate the effect that three types of terminal gear and anatomical hooking location have on the mortality rate of bluegill. Worm-baited hooks, artificial flies, single-hook spinning lures, and seines were used to catch bluegill.All groups of fish were placed in aerated holding tanks and observed for 10 days. Results from this research indicate that fish angled with worms had a significantly greater (P<0.001) mortality rate than control group bluegill. However, there was no significant difference between mortalities of the control group and the mortalities of bluegill caught with flies and lures. Worm-hooked bluegill experienced significantly higher mortalities than fish angled with lures (P<0.01) and flies (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in mortalities between fly-hooked and lure-hooked fish.An examination of mortality rates based upon anatomical hooking location reveals that bluegill hooked in the esophagus, gill, tongue, and eye had a mortality rate of 100 percent.Jaw-hooked and lip-hooked bluegill had mortalities of 37.5 percent and 13 percent respectively. Fish hooked in the lip displayed a significantly lower rate of mortality than fish hooked in the esophagus (P<0.001), gill (P-0.001), tongue (P-0.001), and eye (P<0.01). In comparisons among bluegill hooked in the esophagus, gill, tongue, eye, and jaw, no significant level of probability existed.There was a significant difference (P<0.001) between the type of terminal gear and the anatomical hooking location. Worm-baited hooks were generally ingested deeper into the mouth than either artificial flies or beetle spin lures.It can be concluded from this study that worm-baited hooks are the least desirable terminal gear in catch and release programs.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

In July 1997 Selkirk First Nation Citizens or Selkirk First Nation Peoples in the community of Pelly Crossing, Yukon signed the Selkirk First Nation Final Land Claims Agreement (Modern Day Treaty) and the Selkirk First Nation Self-Government Agreement with the Government of Yukon and the Government of Canada. Prior to 1997 they were under the auspices of the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs (DIAND) and did not have the autonomy to create policy and law for land management. Rather, they were required to adhere to regulations that were mandated by the Yukon Wildlife Act and other institutions created by the Yukon or Federal Governments. The methodology employed in this study was aimed at providing an accurate assessment of change while at the same time ensuring that Selkirk First Nation perspectives remained uppermost. To achieve this, community and personal insights were gained through interviews, family group discussions and the observation of community activities. To ensure that these perspectives were positioned in an accurate historical and political context an examination of public, private, and government records were also undertaken. This research has provided the platform upon which I formed my conceptualizations that Selkirk First Nation Peoples are benefiting both culturally and traditionally. The significance of this research will provide alternatives for other First Nations who pursue land claims and who are building their hunting and fishing laws or Wildlife Acts upon cultural values and traditional pursuits that are distinct from those mandated federally, provincially, or territorially. It is also anticipated that First Nations who are in the process of negotiating Comprehensive Land Claims Agreements acknowledge that certainty regarding Aboriginal rights and title go above and beyond what is defined by the dominant Governments and the Courts.