Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-08T19:22:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LenirMuniz.pdf: 2748559 bytes, checksum: ae48085a1250be1244d58906067d38e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-08T19:22:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LenirMuniz.pdf: 2748559 bytes, checksum: ae48085a1250be1244d58906067d38e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Anthropology Fisheries is a social science research subfield born in a context has put in question the guidelines of their own Social Anthropology, acquiring the discipline status or scientific research field only from the 1980s. Discipline built elements epistemological that allow us to uderstand the existing social relations among fishermen, putting into play important data for analysis and knowledge of the peculiarities of life of these social groups whose way of life is related to the fishing resources. Artisanal fishing in the mucipality of Penalva, in Maranhão Lowlands, presents itself as one of the main economic activities and livelihoods of families who depend on fishing activity to stay. This thesis aims to make a study on the daily life and practice of fishing activity carried out by a group of penalvenses fisherfolk, analyzing how these socially organized in practical and symbolic terms. Thus, from the report and the fishermen's social memory, I try to analyze how is constructed and reconstructed the way of life of this group. The Work in Fishing gives fisherfolk Penalva construction, over the years, knowledge which are inherent to the craft, which are acquired and passed on orally from one generation to another, offering subsidies to interact fishermen with the environment in which they live in the development to the fishing activity. Fishing favors the relationship established between the various actors involved in the production of fish, allowing a set of actions that are resignified by the group in a sociability marked by the marketing of fish. / A Antropologia da Pesca é um subcampo de investigação das ciências sociais que nasceu em um contexto que colocou em questão as orientações da própria Antropologia Social, adquirindo o status de disciplina ou campo de investigação científica somente a partir da década de 1980. A disciplina construiu elementos epistemológicos que permitem entender as relações sociais existentes entre os pescadores, colocando em cena importantes dados para análise e conhecimento das particularidades da vida desses grupos sociais, cujo modo de vida está relacionado com os recursos pesqueiros. A pesca artesanal no município de Penalva, na Baixada Maranhense, apresenta-se como uma das principais atividades econômica e de sustento das famílias que dependem da atividade pesqueira para se manter. Esta Tese visa fazer um estudo sobre o cotidiano e prática da atividade da pesca desenvolvida por um grupo de pescadores e pescadoras artesanais penalvenses, analisando como estes se organizam socialmente em termos práticos e simbólicos. Dessa forma, a partir do relato e da memória social dos pescadores, busco analisar como é construído e reconstruído o modo de vida deste grupo. O trabalho na pesca confere aos pescadores e pescadoras artesanais de Penalva a construção, ao longo dos anos, de conhecimentos que são inerentes ao ofício, os quais são adquiridos e repassados oralmente de uma geração à outra, oferecendo subsídios para os pescadores interagirem com o meio em que vivem no desenvolvimento da atividade da pesca. A pesca favorece as relações que se estabelecem entre os diversos agentes envolvidos na produção do pescado, viabilizando um conjunto de ações que são ressignificadas pelo grupo em uma sociabilidade marcada pela comercialização do pescado.

The time-honored profession of commercial fishing in the Florida Keys is in danger of extinction as each year passes and fewer commercial fishermen remain in an industry that is sinking in the wake of politicians, land developers, and financial woes. At the heart of the problem is the threat of overfishing, a subject that is increasingly at the forefront of media attention and environmental campaigns. The villain in this story of death and destruction more often than not are commercial fishermen. But the blame is misguided. Our fishermen work according to the letter of the law and strive to maintain healthy sustainable fish stocks and sound marine ecosystems. It is unlikely that the American hunger for seafood will diminish so in the absence of locally caught fish the public has no choice but to support the efforts of unchecked foreign fisheries—Fisheries that are not managed as well as ours and in some instances fish until there is nothing left to take. / text

This report examines three different machine learning algorithms and their effectiveness for predicting recreational fishing success. Recreational fishing is a huge pastime but reliable methods of predicting fishing success have largely been missing. This report compares random forest, linear regression and multilayer perceptron to a reasonable baseline model for predicting fishing success. Fishing success is defined as the expected weight of the fish caught. Previous reports have mainly focused on commercial fishing or limited the research to examining the impact of a single variable. In this exploratory study, multiple attributes and multiple algorithms are examined to determine if supervised machine learning is a viable tool to predict recreational fishing success. Recreational fishing success can potentially be predicted by a large number of attributes, which may be different for different species. In this report, data is fetched from multiple sources and combined into a unified data format. The primary source of data is a database from the fishing app FishBrain, containing data of over 250000 logged catches. Another is the World Weather Online API which supplies weather data. The report focuses on the four most common species in the database, largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, northern pike, Esox lucius, rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss and European perch, Perca fluviatilis with a focus on largemouth bass since it has the most data available. Algorithms are evaluated using the Weka data mining software. Hyperparameters are found using cross-validation and some data is used as a test set to validate the results after cross-validation. Results are measured as the error compared to a baseline algorithm. Random forest is the most effective algorithm in the experiments, reducing error compared to the baseline for all the examined fish species. It is also found that no single variable affects the chosen metric of fishing success much, but rather a combination of most of the examined variables is needed to give optimal predictions. In conclusion, the random forest algorithm can be used to predict fishing success across multiple species. It performs significantly better than linear regression, multilayer perceptron and the baseline on crossvalidation and on the testing set. / I denna rapport evalueras tre olika maskininlärningsalgoritmer och deras effektivitet för att förutsäga framgång inom sportfiske. Sport- fiske är en mycket populär hobby, men pålitliga metoder att förutsäga framgångsrikt sportfiske saknas. Denna rapport jämför random forest, linjär regression och flerlagers neurala nätverk mot en rimlig baselinealgorithm för att förutsäga framgång inom sportfiske. Framgång defineras som fiskens förväntade vikt i kg. Tidigare undersökningar har huvudsakligen fokuserat på kommersiellt fiske eller begränsat undersökningen till påverkan av en enskild variabel. I denna studie undersöks flera attribut och algoritmer för att avgöra om övervakad maskininlärning är ett användbart verktyg för att förutsäga framgång inom sportfiske. Framgång inom sportfiske kan potentiellt påverkas av ett stort antal attribut som kan vara olika för olika arter. I denna studie hämtas data från ett flertal källor som kombineras i ett unifierat dataformat. Den primära datakällan är en databas tillhörande sportfiskeappen FishBrain som innehåller över 250000 loggade fångster. En annan källa är World Weather Online:s API som bidrar med väderdata. Rapporten fokuserar på de fyra vanligaste arterna i databasen, largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, gädda, Esox lucius, regnbågsöring, Oncorhynchus mykiss och europeisk abborre, Perca fluviatilis med ett särskilt fokus på largemouth bass eftersom den har mest data tillgängligt. Algoritmerna evalueras med hjälp av data mining-verktyget Weka. Hyperparametrar bestäms med hjälp av korsvalidering och en delmängd av datan separeras och används för att validera resultaten efter korsvalidering. Resultaten mäts relativt en baseline-algoritm. Random forest är den mest effektiva algoritmen i experimenten och reducerar felet jämfört med baseline-algoritmen för alla undersökta fiskarter. Inget enskilt attribut påverkar slutresultatet mycket utan det behövs en kombination av flera attribut för att ge optimala prediktioner. Slutsatsen blir att random forest kan användas för att förutsäga framgång inom sportfiske för flera olika fiskarter. Den presterar signifikant bättre än linjär regression, flerlagers neuralt nätverk och baselinealgoritmen på korsvalidering och på testdelmängden.

No description available.

This study focuses specifically on the laws and regulations relating to commercial fishing within the Exclusive Economic Zone of South Africa and the impact of illegal fishing (IUU). The goal is to determine how overfishing can be stopped or minimised and ultimately for South Africa to harvest the illegally caught fish in such a way that it becomes part of the South African economy and generates revenue. The study will analyse the international legal instruments applicable and their impact on the development of the South African maritime laws. An in depth look at the relevant South African maritime laws will be vital as to determine if these laws are adequate to protect the fish resources from illegal exploitation and official mismanagement. To see if South Africa’s maritime laws are lacking with other countries a comparison must be done, particularly with a country like Australia that has one of the highest success rates when it comes to combating IUU fishing. It will be found that the international legal instruments and agreements on the use of the sea have afforded rights and powers to coastal states to protect their sea zones, but it will remains the responsibility of each coastal state to determine how it will use these rights and powers to protect its own sea zones. Further it will be shown that South Africa has the necessary legislative measures in place to protect its fish resources, but the problem lies with the implementation of those measures Australia does not only rely on its legislation to stop IUU fishing, but it also uses external methods, that South Africa will have to consider. / LLM (Import and export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This study focuses specifically on the laws and regulations relating to commercial fishing within the Exclusive Economic Zone of South Africa and the impact of illegal fishing (IUU). The goal is to determine how overfishing can be stopped or minimised and ultimately for South Africa to harvest the illegally caught fish in such a way that it becomes part of the South African economy and generates revenue. The study will analyse the international legal instruments applicable and their impact on the development of the South African maritime laws. An in depth look at the relevant South African maritime laws will be vital as to determine if these laws are adequate to protect the fish resources from illegal exploitation and official mismanagement. To see if South Africa’s maritime laws are lacking with other countries a comparison must be done, particularly with a country like Australia that has one of the highest success rates when it comes to combating IUU fishing. It will be found that the international legal instruments and agreements on the use of the sea have afforded rights and powers to coastal states to protect their sea zones, but it will remains the responsibility of each coastal state to determine how it will use these rights and powers to protect its own sea zones. Further it will be shown that South Africa has the necessary legislative measures in place to protect its fish resources, but the problem lies with the implementation of those measures Australia does not only rely on its legislation to stop IUU fishing, but it also uses external methods, that South Africa will have to consider. / LLM (Import and export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Thesis (MBA) -- Stellenbosch University, 1994. / Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. University of Stellenbosch Business School. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The trawler industry is on the brink of proserity. This progress will result in both the trawler industry and the state amending their policy formulation to adapt to changing circumstances. The government will, for instance, have to consider subsidising the building of boats and the establishment of infrastructure, which is becoming increasingly expensive, and is already being done abroad. On the other hand, planning and organisation of trawler industries will have to be done in close consultation with the government, who is in fact responsible for fish sources. This will result in an enormous responsibility for the government, who will have to improve research on fish resources and availability of fish species. This information is of the utmost importance to trawler industries that have to plan for future production and sales. The progress of trawler industries is not just influenced by the government but also by their own internal planning. Future development will definitely require more capital outlay from industries in the form of modernized catching and processing equipment. In the present-day highly competitive and rapidly changing environment it is difficult to generate funds if no assets can be shown. Smaller enterprises that are not financially strong enough to establish their own infrastructure, should consider amalgamation with other small or large enterprises. The author is of the opinion that the possibility to obtain the necessary funds for the establishment of an own infrastructure without the required security, should exist with an efficient business plan. Insufficient planning in new enterprises is possibly the major contributing factor towards failure. Without investing capital at this early stage, new ideas can be tested on paper by means of planning. A literature study was undertaken to evaluate the opinions of various authors on a business plan. Factors for success in a good business plan were highlighted as follows: keep the business plan brief; do not over-diversify the enterprise; avoid describing technical products and manufacturing process in a way only comprehensible by an expert; organise and wrap the business plan effectively; the plan must be future orientated; avoid exageration; highlight critical risks; discuss and include any relevant problems; take care that the business plan is as complete as possible; and identify the target market and avoid ambiguous, vague and unrealistic statements. A business plan has been compiled for the purpose of this study. using the preceding information. Finally, a recommendation regarding future capital absorption and extension has been made to the company concerned. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die treilbedryf staan op die drumpel van vooruitgang. Hierdie vooruitgang gaan meebring dat beide die treilondernemings en die Staat hul beleidsformulering sodanig sal moet verander om aan Ie pas by die veranderende omstandighede. Die Staat sal byvoorbeeld daaraan moet dink om die bou van bote, wat at hoe duurder word, en die oprigting van infrastruktuur te subsidieer. iets wat weI in die buiteland gedoen word. Aan die anderkant sal beplanning en organisasie van treilondememings in nouer kontak met die Staat, wat verantwoordelik is vir die beheer van visbronne, moet geskied. Dit plaas 'n geweldige taak op die skouers van die Staat, want by sal beter navorsing moet doen oor visbronne en die beskikbaarheid van vissoorte. Hierdie inligting is van groot belang vir treilondememings wat moet beplan vir produksie en verkope in die toekoms. Die vooruitgang van treilondememings word egteT nie slegs deuT die Staat beinvloed nie, maar ook deur hul eie interne beplanning. Toekomstige ontwikkeling gaan definitief meer kapitaal van ondememings verg in die vorm van beter en meer modeme vang- en verwerkingstoerusting. In vandag se hoogs kompeterende en snelveranderende omgewing is dit moeilik om fondse te genereer veral as geen bates getoon kan word nie. Klein ondememings wat nie kapitaalkragtig genoeg is om 'n eie infrastruktuur op te rig nie, moet dit gewoonlik oorweeg om met ander klein of groot ondememings te amalgameer. Die navorser is van mening dat met behulp van 'n goeie besigheidsplan daar wei 'n moontlikheid behoort te bestaan om die nodige fondse, sonder die vereiste sekuriteit, te bekom om sodoende 'n eie infrastruktuur op te rig. 'n Gebrek aan beplanning by nuwe ondernemings is waarskynlik een van die grootste enkele bydraende faktore tot mislukking. Deur beplanning kan nuwe idees op papier op proef gestel word sonder om kapitaal op hierdie vroee stadium te investeer. 'n Literatuur ondersoek is onderneem om verskillende skrywers se menings ten opsigte van 'n besigheidsplan te evalueer. Suksesfaktore vir 'n goeie besigheidsplan is dan ook uitgelig: • hou die besigheidsplan kort; moet nie die onderneming oor-diversifiseer nie; venny dit om die tegniese produkte en vervaardigingsproses op so 'n manier, dat net 'n kundige dit kan verstaan, te beskryf; organiseer en verpak die besigheidsplan doelmatig; orienteer die plan volgens die toekoms; venny oordrewendheid; lig kritieke risiko's uit; bespreek en sluit enige toepaslike probleme in; sorg dat die besigheidsplan so kompleet as moontlik is; identifiseer die teikenmark en venny dubbelsinnige, vae en onwerklike stellings. Met hierdie kennis as agtergrond is 'n besigheidsplan opgestel wat vir die doel van hierdie studie gebruik is. Ten slotte is 'n aanbeveling aan die betrokke maatskappy gemaak met die oog op toekomstige kapitaalopneming en uitbreiding.

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

No description available.

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being used as tools for fishery management and marine conservation.  This thesis investigates several aspects of the human dimensions of MPAs in Scotland with the purpose to contribute to the understanding of the attitudes of Scottish inshore fishers towards this management measure. Paper I reviews the literature on fishers’ attitudes towards MPAs.  It reveals that most empirical work collects information on fishers’ attitudes towards three general issues of importance to MPAs: governance, conservation of biodiversity and the environment, and the impact of MPAs on fishing activity. Using data from surveys conducted with Scottish fishers, papers II, III, IV and V investigate fishers’ attitudes towards, and perceptions of, several issues of interest to MPAs.  Plus, multivariate data analysis was used in all papers in order to identify which individual characteristics influence fishers’ attitudes towards, or perceptions about, the issues under investigation.  Papers II, IV and V use data collected on a survey conducted with Scottish inshore fishers in 2006/07, while Paper III uses data from a survey conducted previously (in 2001/02). Paper II investigates Scottish inshore fishers’ perceptions about participation in the decision-making process. Results reveal that around half of the fishers perceived themselves to be informed about management, but most did not perceive themselves to be consulted or involved in the decision-making process. Papers III and IV investigate fishers’ attitudes towards labour mobility.  More precisely, the papers investigate fishers’ willingness to leave the fishing sector, change to another gear or move to another area to remain fishing.  Results reveal that fishers’ attitudes towards leaving the fishing sector were different in the two periods.  In 2002 most fishers were willing to leave the fishing sector (Paper III) while five years later most were not (Paper V).  Most importantly, both papers point to the importance of job satisfaction for fishers. Results point to the importance of understanding the economic, social and cultural contexts of the fishing industry for the success of measures and policies aimed at providing fishers with alternative job opportunities in order to counter impacts of displacement caused by the implementation of MPAs and reduction of the overcapacity of the European fishing fleets. Paper V investigates inshore fishers’ attitudes towards MPAs and issues of relevance to MPAs (e.g. compliance with, and enforcement of, rules, and state of resources). More precisely, the paper investigates the attitudes towards closed areas between users of different gears which are affected by closed areas in different ways.  Results reveal that Scottish inshore fishers are not a homogenous collective; the attitudes towards closed areas differ among users of different gears.