Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2005. / "August, 2005." Includes bibliographical references. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2005]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Orientador: Peter Christian Hackspacher / Coorientador: Eduardo Augusto Campos Curvo / Banca: Julio Cesar Hadler Neto / Banca: Sandro Guedes de Oliveira / Resumo: No presente trabalho foram efetuados estudos sobre o annealing dos traços de fissão em epídoto. Os experimentos foram feitos aquecendo-se o mineral por tempos de 1, 10 e 100 horas, variando a temperatura de 350 a 950°C. Os resultados obtidos foram curvas de annealing tanto para comprimento como para densidade dos traços. Os dados de comprimento dos traços de fissão foram utilizados para obter os parâmetros do modelo de cinética de annealing para o epídoto. O modelo utilizado foi o proposto pelo grupo de Cronologia da UNICAMP. Cálculos baseados nesses ajustes conduziram a uma previsão de zona de annealing parcial (ZAP) entre 218 a 588°C (para 1 Ma). Quando unidos com os dados de annealing para epídoto de Curvo (2005) a zona de annealing parcial prevista varia de 218 a 487°C (para 1 Ma). Esses valores situam a ZAP para tracos de fissão armazenados no epídoto acima da ZAP para a apatita e sobreposta a ZAP do zircão (possuindo, contudo o limite superior da ZAP acima da do zircão). Uma nova curva de ataque químico foi confeccionada com intenção de se utilizar uma menor temperatura do reagente (15°C, 40% HF). Nove pontos de ataque químico foram realizados, em tempos que variam de 30 a 110 minutos. O tempo estabelecido como ótimo foi 80 minutos. Realizou-se também, uma tentativa de datação de uma amostra de fratura localizada nas redondezas do município de Curitiba. A idade aparente encontra da foi de 240±209 Ma / Abstract: This paper presents studies conducted on the annealing of fission tracks in the epidote. The experiments were done by heating the mineral in time periods of 1, 10 and 100 hours, varying the temperature between 350 and 950°C.The results obtained were annealing curves both for length and for density of the fission tracks. The length data of the fission tracks were used to obtain the parameters for the annealing kinetics model of the epidote. The kinetic model for fission track used was the one proposed by the UNICAMP Chronology group. The mathematical calculations based on these adjustments led to a prediction of a partial annealing zone (PAZ) between 218 and 588°C (for 1 Ma).When united with the data for epidote annealing from Curvo (2005) the partial annealing zone varies from 218 to 487°C (for 1 Ma).These values situate the epidote PAZ above the apatite PAZ and having an intersection with the zircon one (presenting however an upper limit superior to the zircon PAZ).A new etching curve was measured aiming at a lower reagent temperature (15°C, 40% HF). Nine etching points were carried out in time periods ranging from 30 to 110 minutes. The optimal etching time was 80 minutes. An attempt to date an epidote fracture sample located near the city of Curitiba was also conducted. The dating provided the apparent age of 240±209 Ma / Mestre

Orientador: Julio Cesar Hadler Neto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T23:51:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Curvo_EduardoAugustoCampos_D.pdf: 2296966 bytes, checksum: 8510bd301872383debffac77715c4a2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Amostras e epídoto a Serra da Mantiqueira foram datadas via o Método a Populações e via o Método o Detector Externo e o valor médio as idades foi (201 ± 15) Ma. As atações apresentaram concordância entre si e os valores das idades se situam entre valores obtidos através e traços e fissão em apatitas (127 ± 10) Ma e zircões (369 ± 15) Ma para amostras coleta as próximas às utilizadas nas datações os epídotos. Também foram efetuados estudos referentes ao annealing os traços e fissão em epídoto.As curvas e annealing em epídoto foram obtidas para os tempos e aquecimento de 10,100,1000 horas e temperaturas entre 340 e 850 ºC. A curva de redução e densidade é mais próxima à proposta por Naeser et al.(1970), que possui temperatura de fechamento estima a de 630 ºC. E a curva e redução e comprimento, também obtida, é a primeira desse tipo a ser medida para o epídoto. O ajuste dos dados e comprimento, realiza o utilizando-se o modelo proposto por nosso grupo, conduziu a uma zona e annealing parcial com limites e 411 e 544 ºC para o intervalo e tempo de 1 Ma. Esses valores a colocam acima das zonas correspondentes para a apatita e para o zircão. Foram realizadas três medidas o fator e eficiência (g), necessário para realizar datações e epídoto via o Método do Detector Externo (MDE). Essas medidas conduziram ao valor 1,06 ± 0,08 (1 s ),que difere os valores de g encontrados para outros minerais (0,684 ± 0,012 para zircão; 0,601 ± 0,023 para titanita e 0,549 ± 0,015 para apatita). O valor e g obtido para o epídoto representa que mesmo em geometria 4 p o mineral registra duas vezes menos traços que a mica muscovita (geometria 2 p) / Abstract: Epidote fission-track ages for samples from the Serra da Mantiqueira were obtaine via both Population an External Detector Methods (EDM) an the mean value was (201 ± 15) Ma. The ages showe internal consistency an are place between those obtained through apatite, (127 ± 10) Ma, and the zircon fission-track dating, (369 ± 15) Ma. Studies concerning the epidote fission track annealing were also performed. The annealing curves were obtaine for annealing times of 10, 100, 100 hours an temperatures ranging from 340 to 850 ºC. The curve of reduce ensity is closest to that proposed by Naeser et al.(1970), which has estimate a closure temperature of 630 ºC (1 Ma). The curve of reduce length,also measured, is the first of this kin obtaine for epidote. The fitting of the length ata, performe by using the model propose by our Group, conducted to a partial annealing zone (PAZ) with borders at 411 an 544 ºC for 1 Ma. These values place epidote PAZ above the estimate PAZ for apatite an zircon. Three measurements of the efficiency factor (g), necessary to perform EDM, were carrie out. Those measurements conducted to the value 1.06 ± 0.08 (1s), which differs from those found for others minerals (0.684 ± 0.012 for zircon; 0.601 ± 0.023 for titanite an 0.549 ± 0.015 for apatite). The value of g obtained to epidote means that even in 4 p geometry the mineral registers two times less tracks than the muscovite mica (2 p geometry) / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

Uplift of the Al Hajar Mountains in Oman has been related to either Late Cretaceous ophiolite obduction or the Neogene Zagros collision. To test these hypotheses, the cooling of the central Al Hajar Mountains is constrained by 10 apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe), 15 fission track (AFT), and four zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe) sample ages. These data show differential cooling between the two major structural culminations of the mountains. In the 3km high Jabal Akhdar culmination AHe single-grain ages range between 392 Ma and 101 Ma (2 sigma errors), AFT ages range from 518 Ma to 324 Ma, and ZHe single-grain ages range from 62 +/- 3Ma to 39 +/- 2 Ma. In the 2 km high Saih Hatat culmination AHe ages range from 26 +/- 4 to 12 +/- 4 Ma, AFT ages from 73 +/- 19Ma to 57 +/- 8 Ma, and ZHe single-grain ages from 81 +/- 4 Ma to 58 +/- 3 Ma. Thermal modeling demonstrates that cooling associated with uplift and erosion initiated at 40 Ma, indicating that uplift occurred 30 Myr after ophiolite obduction and at least 10 Myr before the Zagros collision. Therefore, this uplift cannot be related to either event. We propose that crustal thickening supporting the topography of the Al Hajar Mountains was caused by a slowdown of Makran subduction and that north Oman took up the residual fraction of N-S convergence between Arabia and Eurasia.

The integration of low-temperature thermochronometers, including apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He (AHe, ZHe) and apatite fission-track (AFT) methods, allows for a quantification of the thermal history experienced by rocks as they heat and cool through upper crustal temperature regimes (<200°C). Whereas these methods are practical in geologic terranes that have undergone rapid cooling, application to strata with protracted cooling histories is complicated by the enhanced role of grain-specific parameters (volume, chemistry, radiation damage) on the kinetics of helium diffusion and fission track annealing. The effects of these variables are most prevalent in sedimentary samples, where natural variance in detrital accessory mineral populations results in a broad range of diffusion kinetics and great dispersion in corresponding cooling dates. This thesis integrates contemporary thermochronometer diffusion and annealing kinetics to investigate the burial and exhumation history of two natural laboratories. In the Mackenzie Mountains and Plain of the Northwest Territories, long-term radiation damage accumulation in zircon from Neoproterozoic siliciclastic units produces ZHe dates that track Albian to Paleocene burial and exhumation in front of the foreland-propagating fold-thrust belt. For the Phanerozoic stratigraphic section, AFT annealing kinetics are calculated from Devonian and Cretaceous samples, and are incorporated into multi-kinetic AFT modeling. These kinetics also constrain AHe date-radiation damage trends, and when combined allow for an estimation on the magnitude of eroded sediment across regional pre-Albian and post-Paleocene unconformities. Finally, conodont (U-Th)/He data from Anticosti Island, Québec in the Gulf of the St. Lawrence are compared with ZHe, AHe and AFT data to test their utility as a thermochronometer for carbonate basin analysis. These data evince a Mesozoic thermal history previously unattributed to the region. Ultimately, this thesis provides a novel assessment on the ways in which thermochronometer date dispersion can be quantified to assess the thermal evolution of sedimentary basins from burial through to inversion.

The Variscan orogeny occured during Devonian to Carboniferous convergence between peri- Gondwanan crustal segments and the northern European plate (Baltica). Due to the convergence, Bohemian Massif represents the easternmost and largest exposure in the European Variscan belt. In the southern part of the Bohemian Massif, the Moldanubian Zone consists of several crustal segments with different polyphase tectonometamorphic histories. Moldanubian Zone is considered to represent the Variscan orogenic root, being surrounded by rigid and less metamorphosed blocks to the NW and SE. Structurally highest unit of the Moldanubian Zone is the Gföhl Unit, which is built by heterogeneous assemblage of high-pressure crustal and upper-mantle rocks comprising granulites, peridotites, pyroxenites and eclogites exhumed during Variscan orogeny. The apatite samples studied in my diploma thesis come from different types of granulites from the Blanský les granulite massif (BLGM) located SW of the town of České Budějovice. BLGM is the largest granulite body of the southern Bohemian Massif, is an integral part of the Gföhl Unit. BLGM consists mainly of calc-alkaline high-pressure felsic garnet ± kyanite granulites, which enclose up to several kilometers long lenses of ultrabasic rocks, numerous boudins of mafic...

Acompanha 2 mapas / Orientador: Peter Christian Hackspacher / Coorientador: Antonio Roberto Saad / Banca: Renato Rodriguez Cabral Ramos / Banca: Carlos Alberto Tello Saenz / Resumo: O Rift Continental do Sudeste do Brasil representa uma importante feição geológica, tanto por seu potencial econômico (areias, argilas, turfas e hidrocarbonetos), quanto para fins de estudos geológicos, pois trata-se de uma estrutura, de graben e horts, preservada e que não se encontra recoberto por águas, o que facilita suas pesquisas. Este estudo compreende a aplicação de análises termocronológicas por traços de fissão, em apatitas e zircões, com o intuito de verificar mudanças nos padrões térmicos que causaram alterações no ambiente, soerguimentos tectônicos, alçamento de isotermas e denudações. Utilizando para isto amostras coletadas em três bacias do segmento central (Taubaté, Resende e Volta Redonda). As idades obtidas remontam uma história complexa do ponto de vista evolutivo da região sudeste do Brasil, desde o Cretáceo Inferior, com o início do processo de quebramento do Continente Gondwana, passando por registros associados a intrusões alcalinas e um soerguimento regional, no início do Cretáceo Superior e finalmente entre o Paleoceno-Eoceno é resgatado o período em que ocorreu todo o processo de abertura do Rift Continental do Sudeste do Brasil (RCSB) e alterações em seu entorno. A disposição geral das idades por traços de fissão evidencia um envelhecimento em direção ao interior do continente, porém amostras muito próximas ao RCBS mostram um rejuvenescimento, possivelmente em função de um evento tectônico que culminou no surgimento das depressões que geraram as bacias deste rift. Cálculos de taxas de soerguimento e exumação mostram que os eventos foram intensificados durante o Cretáceo, aumentando consideravelmente os valores de soerguimento e exumação em períodos mais recentes. Com base nos resultados dos altos estruturais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Continental Rift of southeastern Brazil is an important geological feature, both for its economic potential (sand, clay, turfs and oil), as for geological studies, because it is a structure of graben and horsts, preserved and which is not covered by water, which facilitates their resources. This study includes the application of analysis of fission tracks in apatites and zircons, for determine changes in thermal patterns that a caused change in the environment, tectonic's uplift, rises isotherms and denudations. Making use of samples collected in three basins of the central segment (Taubaté, Resende and Volta Redonda). The ages obtained a complex history dating back from the rolling region of southeastern Brazil, from the Lower Cretaceous, with the beginning of the Gondwana break, through records associated with alkaline intrusions and a strong uplift at the beginning of the Upper Cretaceous. Finally between Paleocene-Eocene is identified the time (interval) that happened all the process of opened the Brazilian Southern Continental Rift (RCSB) and changes around this structure. The general features of the age of fission shows an aging toward the interior of the continent, but samples near of RCBS shows a ages that have a rejuvenescence, possibly for apparition of basin of rift. Calculations of rates of exhumation and uplift show that the events have been intensified during the Cretaceous, increasing considerably the values in recent periods. Based on the results of high internal structural supports and between the basins, our agree ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The Taimyr Peninsula is a key element in the circum-Arctic region and represents thenorthern margin of the Siberian Craton. The Taimyr Peninsula is a late Paleozoic fold andthrust belt and preserves late Paleozoic through Mesozoic siliciclastic sedimentarysuccessions and providing an ideal location to investigate the Paleozoic to Mesozoictectonic evolution associated with the Uralian orogeny, the Siberian Trap magmatism andopening of Amerasia Basin within a circum-Arctic framework. Multiple methods areadopted, including petrography, heavy mineral analysis and detrital zircon U-Pbgeochronology for provenance investigation, apatite fission track dating for revealingthermal history and balanced cross section for understanding the deformation style ofTaimyr.The results of this thesis indicate that the Late Carboniferous to Permian sediments ofsouthern Taimyr were deposited in a pro-foreland basin of the Uralian orogen during theUralian orogeny. In the Triassic, the siliciclastic deposits still show a strong Uraliansignature but the initiation of Siberian Trap-related input begins to be significant. Erosionof the Uralian orogen has reached a deep metamorphic level. By Late Jurassic andCretaceous time, the deposition setting of southern Taimyr is an intracratonic basin.Erosion and input from Uralian sources waned while greater input from SiberianTrap-related rocks of the Taimyr region dominated. The Taimyr Peninsula underwent atleast three cooling and uplifting episodes: 280 Ma, 250 Ma and 220 Ma, corresponding tothe Uralian orogeny, the Siberian Traps and the late Triassic transpression. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: In press. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-03-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:09:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dias_anc_me_bauru.pdf: 2102099 bytes, checksum: c87f30b921deee7455e35f863d670a62 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho são apresentadas as idades obtidas em 32 amostras de zircão e 4 de apatita coletadas em cinco formações geológicas pertencentes ao Grupo Bauru, localizado ao norte da Bacia do Paraná através do Método de Traços de Fissão (MTF). As médias das idades encontradas nas formações de Presidente Prudente, Santo Anastácio, Caiuá, Vale do Rio do Peixe e Rio Paraná são: (703 ± 70) Ma, (509 ± 58) Ma, (854 ± 58) Ma, (493 ± 28) Ma e (448 ± 16) Ma, respectivamente. A análise destas idades indica que apesar das amostras terem recebido detritos com grãos de zircão com idades no intervalo de 70 milhões de anos até 1,8 bilhões de anos, estas formações são independentes. As medidas da redução relativa (L/L0) dos comprimentos de traços confinados, denominado na literatura como annealing, nas amostras mais profundas nas formações de Presidente Prudente e Santo Anastácio podem estar indicando hidrotermalismo nestas áreas. Cabe destacar que as amostras de zircão ZMAC27, ZUB29 e ZCOB31 da Formação Presidente Prudente apresentam um annealing de até 15%, o que pode estar indicando um hidrotermalismo acentuado, ou seja, esta amostra teria registrado temperaturas da ordem de 220 oC durante alguns milhões de anos. Segundo a literatura, os resultados e as interpretações feitas são geologicamente compatíveis com a região estudada. Para obter os resultados mencionados o Método de Traços de Fissão, MTF, em zircão foi implementado no Laboratório de Microscopia Óptica do DFQB, FCT/UNESP, Presidente Prudente. Também foram realizados alguns estudos teóricos e experimentais usando espalhamento micro-Raman e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura, MEV, com a finalidade de aprimorar o MTF em zircão. Estes estudos experimentais se referem a: i) anisotropia do ataque químico no zircão... / Fission tracks ages obtained in 32 zircon and 4 apatite samples collected in five geological formations belonging to the Grupo Bauru, located at north of Paraná Basin, Brazil, are presented. These formations are Presidente Prudente, Santo Anastácio, Caiuá, Vale do Rio do Peixe and Rio Paraná where the ages averages are: (703 ± 70) Ma, (509 ± 58) Ma, (854 ± 58) Ma, (493 ± 28) Ma and (448 ± 16) Ma, respectively. The analysis of these ages indicates that in spite of the samples they have received detritus with zircon grains with ages in the interval of 70 million years up to 1,8 billion years, these formations are independent. The relative reduction (L/L0) of confined tracks, denominated in the literature as annealing, in the deepest samples in Presidente Prudente and Santo Anastácio formations can be indicating hydrothermalism in these areas. The zircon samples ZMAC27, ZUB29 and ZCOB31 of the Presidente Prudente formation presents an average annealing of ~15%. That is, these samples could have registered temperatures around 220 oC during some millions years. According to the literature, the results and the interpretations are geologicaly compatible with the studied area. To obtain these results the Fission Track Method, MTF, in zircon was implemented in the Laboratory of Optical Microscopy of DFQB, FCT/UNESP, P Prudente. Some experimental and theoretical studies also were accomplished using micro-Raman and SEM techniques. These experimental studies are: i) etch anisotropy in zircon grains and a natural monocrystal, ii) the damage of crystalline structure in the C-axis of the zircon in function of etch time and iii) an alternative methodology to avoid the use of the nuclear reactor in zircon FTM. These studies did with that the fission tracks ages results acquire larger accuracy doing with that geological interpretations becomes including of the scientific point of view.

Estudos termocronológicos por traços de fissão em apatita são utilizados para estabelecer os principais eventos de denudação, erosão e subsidência na margem continental emersa do sul do Brasil e Uruguai. Os dados obtidos permitem verificar que as idades aparentes de traços de fissão variam de 383,4 ± 40,9 a 9,7 ± 1,2 Ma, entre o Devoniano Superior e o Mioceno, com comprimento dos traços de fissão entre 14,02 a 8,87 μm. A correlação entre idade e distribuição do comprimento dos traços de fissão confinados evidencia que as amostras sofreram diferentes reduções no comprimento dos traços de fissão. Isto indica que as rochas foram submetidas a diferentes posições crustais, paleotemperaturas e tempo de residência na Zona de Apagamento Parcial. As histórias térmicas obtidas mostram que processos de resfriamento lentos e contínuos foram registrados nas regiões desde o final do Pensilvaniano (Neopaleozóico). Os padrões de denudação são complexos, mas foi possível caracterizar no Uruguai e Rio Grande do Sul reflexos do evento orgênico Gondwanides (ou São Rafaélico) atuantes nas margens do Gondwana SW. Nas regiões do norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná foi possível documentar com detalhe o recuo da escarpa da margem continental associada a fragmentação e dispersão mesocenozóica do Gondwana, com a definição de eventos de denudação em torno de: (i) 150-140 Ma, atribuído aos eventos pré-rifte a rifte; (ii) 90-80 Ma, associado ao magmatismo alcalino do Cretáceo Superior; (iii) eventos de 70-60 Ma e 45-35 Ma associados a rearranjos isostático da placa Sul-Americana na região estudada. Evento mais jovem com idades entre 20-10 Ma é reconhecido na margem continental do leste do RS e Uruguai, diretamente conectado à formação do Cone do Rio Grande. / Apatite fission track (FT) thermochronological analyses are used to establish the main events of denudation, erosion and subsidence of the emerse continental margin of South Brazil and Uruguay. The obtained data provide apparent ages ranging from 383.4 ± 40.9 Ma to 9.7 ± 1.2 Ma, between Upper Devonian and Miocene, and mean track length from 14.02 μm to 8.87 μm. Thermal history reconstruction based on apatite fission track thermochronology suggest the occurrence of long term and continuous cooling as well rapid uplift in investigated regions, recorded from Neopaleozoic to the Miocene. The oldest denudation event is well recorded in the Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul as result of orogenic processes at margin of SW Gondwana, the so-called Gondwanides or San Rafael cycle. In the northern portion of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná was possible to document the escarpment retreat across the rifted continental margin connected to the Mesocenozoic fragmentation and dispersion of Gondwana, defined by the main denudation event as follow: (i) 150-140 Ma, developed during the pre-rift and rift stages; (ii) 90-80 Ma, associated to Upper Cretaceous alkaline ; (iii) 70-60 Ma and 45-35 Ma events due to isostatic rearrangement of South American plate in the study area. The youngest denudation event, aged at 20-10 Ma, is very well defined in the emerse continental margin of east Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay, and coeval to the Rio Grande Cone formation, a large sedimentary package of 4000 m thick.