• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 7
  • 7
  • 6
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 29
  • 29
  • 10
  • 7
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Die Puls-Lösungen der FitzHugh-Nagumo-Gleichungen

Wächtler, Johannes 21 November 2017 (has links)
Die FitzHugh-Nagumo-Gleichungen besitzen Puls-Lösungen zu unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten c. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Überblick der Existenz und Stabilität dieser Pulse gegeben. Dazu werden die geometrische singuläre Störungstheorie (Fenichel-Theorie) und der Ansatz der Evans-Funktion in allgemeinerer Form dargestellt. Im eigentlichen Hauptteil der Arbeit werden dann zunächst die langsamen Pulse konstruiert und ein zu [14] alternativer Beweis ihrer Instabilität geführt. Die schnellen Pulse wurden in [25] durch Shilnikov-Koordinaten konstruiert. Dieser Existenzbeweis wird in der Arbeit dargestellt.
12

Standing Waves Of Spatially Discrete Fitzhugh-nagumo Equations

Segal, Joseph 01 January 2009 (has links)
We study a system of spatially discrete FitzHugh-Nagumo equations, which are nonlinear differential-difference equations on an infinite one-dimensional lattice. These equations are used as a model of impulse propagation in nerve cells. We employ McKean's caricature of the cubic as our nonlinearity, which allows us to reduce the nonlinear problem into a linear inhomogeneous problem. We find exact solutions for standing waves, which are steady states of the system. We derive formulas for all 1-pulse solutions. We determine the range of parameter values that allow for the existence of standing waves. We use numerical methods to demonstrate the stability of our solutions and to investigate the relationship between the existence of standing waves and propagation failure of traveling waves.
13

Aproximações dos modelos de Hodgkin-Huxley e FitzHugh-Nagumo usando equações diferenciais com atraso

Rameh, Raffael Bechara 31 August 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-11-12T14:27:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 raffaelbechararameh.pdf: 1503042 bytes, checksum: 87e66fa77937ca9a85aac3231b27ac84 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-11-23T13:13:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 raffaelbechararameh.pdf: 1503042 bytes, checksum: 87e66fa77937ca9a85aac3231b27ac84 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-23T13:13:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 raffaelbechararameh.pdf: 1503042 bytes, checksum: 87e66fa77937ca9a85aac3231b27ac84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-31 / Para representar diferentes fenômenos e sistemas modelos matemáticos são largamente utilizados. Muitos deles são fundamentados em sistemas de equações diferenciais ordinárias (EDOs), isto é, baseiam-se em conjuntos de igualdades que envolvem variáveis dependentes, suas derivadas de primeira ordem e a variável independente. Neste trabalho, estudamos a modelagem da geração do potencial de ação em células excitáveis, como os neurônios. Existem dois modelos tradicionais e pioneiros que se destacam nessa área: Hodgkin-Huxley e FitzHugh-Nagumo. O objetivo desta dissertação é avaliar a possibilidade de modelar a geração do potencial de ação via uma única equação diferencial com atraso. Equações diferenciais com atraso são importantes por sua capacidade em reproduzir uma grande diversidade de fenômenos. Porém, seu uso na modelagem do potencial de ação de células excitáveis é ainda incipiente. Nesta dissertação, o método usado para alcançar este objetivo se baseou no desenvolvimento, inicialmente, de uma equação integro-diferencial que aproxima o sistema de EDOs. Em seguida, desenvolvemos uma aproximação para as integrais que usa termos tanto no instante atual quanto em instante anteriores, i.e., atrasados no tempo. Dessa forma, mostramos que é possível aproximar cada um dos sistemas de EDOS dos modelos de Hodgkin-Huxley e FitzHugh-Nagumo por uma única equação diferencial com atraso. Por fim, estes novos modelos são comparados com os originais, e são apontadas direções para a continuidade desta pesquisa. / To represent different phenomena and systems mathematical models are widely used. Many of them are based on systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), that is, they are based on sets of equalities involving dependent variables, their derivatives of first order and the independent variable. In this work, we study the modeling of action potential generation in excitable cells, such as neurons. There are two traditional and pioneering models that stand out in this area: Hodgkin-Huxley and FitzHugh-Nagumo. The objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the possibility of modeling the generation of the action potential via a single differential equation with delay. Differential equations with delay are important because of their capacity to reproduce a great diversity of phenomena. However, its use in modeling the action potential of excitable cells is still incipient. In this dissertation, the method used to achieve this goal was based on the development, initially, of an integral-differential equation that approximates the ODE system. Next, we develop an approximation for integrals that uses terms at both the current instant and the previous instant, i.e., time delayed. Thus, we show that it is possible to approximate each of the ODEs systems of the Hodgkin-Huxley and FitzHugh-Nagumo models by a single differential equation with delay. Finally, these new models are compared with the original ones, and directions are indicated for future works.
14

Sur un système de deux oscillateurs FitzHugh-Nagumo couplés

Molinié, Marcela 05 1900 (has links)
Ce mémoire consiste en l’étude du comportement dynamique de deux oscillateurs FitzHugh-Nagumo identiques couplés. Les paramètres considérés sont l’intensité du courant injecté et la force du couplage. Juqu’à cinq solutions stationnaires, dont on analyse la stabilité asymptotique, peuvent co-exister selon les valeurs de ces paramètres. Une analyse de bifurcation, effectuée grâce à des méthodes tant analytiques que numériques, a permis de détecter différents types de bifurcations (point de selle, Hopf, doublement de période, hétéroclinique) émergeant surtout de la variation du paramètre de couplage. Une attention particulière est portée aux conséquences de la symétrie présente dans le système. / We study the dynamical behaviour of a pair of identical, coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators. We determine the parameter values leading to the existence of up to five equilibrium solutions, and analyze the asymptotic stability of each one. A combination of analytical and numerical techniques is used to analyze the numerous bifurcations (saddle-node, Hopf, period-doubling, heteroclinic) occurring as parameters, most notably the coupling strength, are varied, attention being paid to the rôle played by symmetries in the system.
15

Réduction de modèles complexes pour la simulation et l'estimation Application à la modélisation cardiaque

Gariah, Asven 09 November 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Ce mémoire analyse et valide des applications possibles de méthodes de réduction de modèle pour la simulation directe, et la résolution de problèmes inverses d'estimation de paramètres sur des modèles complexes. Il se concentre sur la réduction par proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), et ses extensions. On démontre d'abord de nouvelles estimations a priori pour l'erreur de réduction sur des problèmes abstraits types (paraboliques et hyperboliques, linéaires ou avec non-linéarités lipschitziennes), validées dans de nombreux cas non linéaires. On évite notamment le problème de contrôle des termes d'ordre élevé par l'exploitation d'une suite spécifique de normes de projecteurs. Puis, pour couvrir les systèmes dépendant de paramètres, et par des résultats d'interpolation, on adapte la méthode précédente en réduction par multi-POD. On étend aussi, au prix d'un terme additif, les estimations a priori précédentes pour l'erreur maximum de réduction sur une plage paramétrique donnée. On illustre la puissance de la méthode sur le système électrophysiologique de FitzHugh-Nagumo, fortement sensible aux variations paramétriques. On valide enfin numériquement les versions réduites, toujours avec la réduction par multi-POD, de problèmes d'estimation de paramètres : de type variationnel avec le système de FitzHugh-Nagumo, et de type séquentiel (filtrage " kalmanien ") avec un modèle mécanique de coeur (multiéchelles, 3D, grandes déformations). En particulier, la méthode présente une efficacité et une robustesse similaires à celles obtenues pour les problèmes directs.
16

Sur un système de deux oscillateurs FitzHugh-Nagumo couplés

Molinié, Marcela 05 1900 (has links)
Ce mémoire consiste en l’étude du comportement dynamique de deux oscillateurs FitzHugh-Nagumo identiques couplés. Les paramètres considérés sont l’intensité du courant injecté et la force du couplage. Juqu’à cinq solutions stationnaires, dont on analyse la stabilité asymptotique, peuvent co-exister selon les valeurs de ces paramètres. Une analyse de bifurcation, effectuée grâce à des méthodes tant analytiques que numériques, a permis de détecter différents types de bifurcations (point de selle, Hopf, doublement de période, hétéroclinique) émergeant surtout de la variation du paramètre de couplage. Une attention particulière est portée aux conséquences de la symétrie présente dans le système. / We study the dynamical behaviour of a pair of identical, coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators. We determine the parameter values leading to the existence of up to five equilibrium solutions, and analyze the asymptotic stability of each one. A combination of analytical and numerical techniques is used to analyze the numerous bifurcations (saddle-node, Hopf, period-doubling, heteroclinic) occurring as parameters, most notably the coupling strength, are varied, attention being paid to the rôle played by symmetries in the system.
17

3D model elektrické aktivace myokardu / 3D Model of Cardial Tissue Electrical Propagation

Míková, Monika January 2019 (has links)
The aim of this master thesis is to create a simple 3D electro-anatomical model of cardiac tissue that will be able to simulate the electrical activation in both a healthy heart and a heart with arrhytmogenic substrate. The model of electrical activation is realized in the COMSOL Multiphysics, simulation software for modelling using the finite element method. The Fitzhugh-Nagumo equation was used to model the excitatory feature of the myocardium and 2D models of myocardial tissue describing the propagation of action potential in healthy tissue, ischemic tissue, spontaneous action potential formation in the SA node, and spiral wave formation were first developed based on appropriate parameters. Subsequently, simplified 3D models of the heart describing the spread of excitement in a healthy heart, in the presence of accessory pathway and in third-degree atrioventricular block were created. The simplified 3D heart model offers a compromise between computational load and model complexity and can be used as a diagnostic tool for tissue and whole heart adjustment with appropriate equation parameter settings.
18

Iterative matrix-free computation of Hopf bifurcations as Neimark-Sacker points of fixed point iterations

Garcia, Ignacio de Mateo 12 March 2012 (has links)
Klassische Methoden für die direkte Berechnung von Hopf Punkten und andere Singularitaten basieren auf der Auswertung und Faktorisierung der Jakobimatrix. Dieses stellt ein Hindernis dar, wenn die Dimensionen des zugrundeliegenden Problems gross genug ist, was oft bei Partiellen Diferentialgleichungen der Fall ist. Die betrachteten Systeme haben die allgemeine Darstellung f ( x(t), α) für t grösser als 0, wobei x die Zustandsvariable, α ein beliebiger Parameter ist und f glatt in Bezug auf x und α ist. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Matrixfreies Schema entwicklet und untersucht, dass ausschliesslich aus Produkten aus Jakobimatrizen und Vektoren besteht, zusammen mit der Auswertung anderer Ableitungsvektoren erster und zweiter Ordnung. Hiermit wird der Grenzwert des Parameters α, der zuständig ist für das Verlieren der Stabilität des Systems, am Hopfpunkt bestimmt. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Gleichungssystem zur iterativen Berechnung des Hopfpunktes aufgestellt. Das System wird mit einer skalaren Testfunktion φ, die aus einer Projektion des kritischen Eigenraums bestimmt ist, ergänzt. Da das System f aus einer räumlichen Diskretisierung eines Systems Partieller Differentialgleichungen entstanden ist, wird auch in dieser Arbeit die Berechung des Fehlers, der bei der Diskretisierung unvermeidbar ist, dargestellt und untersucht. Zur Bestimmung der Hopf-Bedingungen wird ein einzelner Parameter gesteuert. Dieser Parameter wird unabhängig oder zusammen mit dem Zustandsvektor in einem gedämpften Iterationsschritt neu berechnet. Der entworfene Algorithmus wird für das FitzHugh-Nagumo Model erprobt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird gezeigt, wie für einen kritischen Strom, das Membranpotential eine fortschreitende Welle darstellt. / Classical methods for the direct computation of Hopf bifurcation points and other singularities rely on the evaluation and factorization of Jacobian matrices. In view of large scale problems arising from PDE discretization systems of the form f( x (t), α ), for t bigger than 0, where x are the state variables, α are certain parameters and f is smooth with respect to x and α, a matrix-free scheme is developed based exclusively on Jacobian-vector products and other first and second derivative vectors to obtain the critical parameter α causing the loss of stability at the Hopf point. In the present work, a system of equations is defined to locate Hopf points, iteratively, extending the system equations with a scalar test function φ, based on a projection of the eigenspaces. Since the system f arises from a spatial discretization of an original set of PDEs, an error correction considering the different discretization procedures is presented. To satisfy the Hopf conditions a single parameter is adjusted independently or simultaneously with the state vector in a deflated iteration step, reaching herewith both: locating the critical parameter and accelerating the convergence rate of the system. As a practical experiment, the algorithm is presented for the Hopf point of a brain cell represented by the FitzHugh-Nagumo model. It will be shown how for a critical current, the membrane potential will present a travelling wave typical of an oscillatory behaviour.
19

Contribuições a estudos biológicos com o uso de modelos biofísicos

de Cássia Moura do Nascimento, Rita January 2004 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:53:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo5097_1.pdf: 1368862 bytes, checksum: f59a1ce92f075a02e7efa696e12f6583 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Um modelo biofísico é uma representação simplificada e/ou abstrata de processos ou sistemas biológicos. Objetivando ampliar o conhecimento sobre a modelagem biofísica, esta Tese enfoca prioritariamente os modelos que desenvolvemos, visando contribuir com os estudos biológicos. Proteínas transportadoras do tipo canal iônico encontram-se presentes na membrana plasmática de todos os seres vivos e o primeiro modelo biofísico é uma membrana plasmática artificial, na qual há um controle da memória em canais iônicos voltagem-dependentes. No segundo modelo, em uma estrutura que apresenta superfície com circunvoluções e contendo em seu interior sítios de ligação, é simulada a estrutura molecular de proteínas. No terceiro modelo é simulado um processo de formação de padrões elétricos de ocorrência em redes neuronais que tenham conectividade lateral, os quais são similares aos padrões registrados em diferentes áreas do córtex cerebral. No quarto modelo é simulado o efeito da heterogeneidade na reentrada de ondas espirais em tecido cardíaco. Ondas espirais de atividade elétrica são relacionadas com arritmias cardíacas reentrantes, tais como a taquicardia ventricular e a fibrilação ventricular, sendo esta última a principal causa de morte súbita cardíaca. No quinto modelo foram feitas simulações com o método de Monte Carlo, possibilitando a análise de seqüências de números aleatórios em métodos terapêuticos e diagnósticos, bem como em estudos que simulam o funcionamento de sistemas biológicos, já que na área biomédica há inúmeros experimentos que não podem ser repetidos com acurácia, mesmo em condições supostamente idênticas. A osteoporose é um problema mundial de saúde pública, sendo caracterizada por uma redução na densidade mineral óssea e, através da computação gráfica, no sexto modelo é estimada a densidade mineral óssea do corpo humano, com o uso de uma função matemática interpolante. Pode-se concluir que a presente Tese traz contribuições pioneiras para os estudos biológicos
20

Mathematical modeling in neuroscience : collective behavior of neuronal networks & the role of local homeoproteins diffusion in morphogenesis / Modélisation mathématique en neuroscience : comportement collectif des réseaux neuronaux & rôle de la diffusion locale des homéoprotéines dans la morphogenèse

Quininao, Cristobal 02 June 2015 (has links)
Ce travail est consacré à l’étude de quelques questions issues de la modélisation des systèmes biologiques en combinant des outils analytiques et probabilistes. Dans la première partie, nous nous intéressons à la dérivation des équations de champ moyen associées aux réseaux de neurones, ainsi qu’à l’étude de la convergence vers l’équilibre des solutions. Dans le Chapitre 2, nous utilisons la méthode de couplage pour démontrer la propagation du chaos pour un réseau neuronal avec délais et avec une architecture aléatoire. Dans le Chapitre 3, nous considérons une équation cinétique du type FitzHugh-Nagumo. Nous analysons l'existence de solutions et prouvons la convergence exponentielle dans les régimes de faible connectivité. Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions le rôle des homéoprotéines (HPs) sur la robustesse des bords des aires fonctionnelles. Dans le Chapitre 4, nous proposons un modèle général du développement neuronal. Nous prouvons qu'en l'absence de diffusion, les HPs sont exprimées dans des régions irrégulières. Mais en présence de diffusion, même arbitrairement faible, des frontières bien définies émergent. Dans le Chapitre 5, nous considérons le modèle général dans le cas unidimensionnel et prouvons l'existence de solutions stationnaires monotones définissant un point d'intersection unique aussi faible que soit le coefficient de diffusion. Enfin, dans la troisième partie, nous étudions une équation de Keller-Segel sous-critique. Nous démontrons la propagation du chaos sans aucune restriction sur le noyau de force. En outre, nous démontrons que la propagation du chaos a lieu dans le sens de l’entropie. / This work is devoted to the study of mathematical questions arising from the modeling of biological systems combining analytic and probabilistic tools. In the first part, we are interested in the derivation of the mean-field equations related to some neuronal networks, and in the study of the convergence to the equilibria of the solutions to the limit equations. In Chapter 2, we use the coupling method to prove the chaos propagation for a neuronal network with delays and random architecture. In Chapter 3, we consider a kinetic FitzHugh-Nagumo equation. We analyze the existence of solutions and prove the nonlinear exponential convergence in the weak connectivity regime. In the second part, we study the role of homeoproteins (HPs) on the robustness of boundaries of functional areas. In Chapter 4, we propose a general model for neuronal development. We prove that in the absence of diffusion, the HPs are expressed on irregular areas. But in presence of diffusion, even arbitrarily small, well defined boundaries emerge. In Chapter 5, we consider the general model in the one dimensional case and prove the existence of monotonic stationary solutions defining a unique intersection point for any arbitrarily small diffusion coefficient. Finally, in the third part, we study a subcritical Keller-Segel equation. We show the chaos propagation without any restriction on the force kernel. Eventually, we demonstrate that the propagation of chaos holds in the entropic sense.

Page generated in 0.035 seconds