Originally presented as the author's Thesis (doctoral)--Johan Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 275-280).

The phenomenon of retranslation (the repeated translation of a given work into a given target language) is widespread in practice, and yet its motivations remain relatively underexplored. One very prevalent justification for this repetitive act is encapsulated in the work of Antoine Berman who claims that an initial translation is necessarily 'aveugle et hésitante' (1990: 5), while retranslation alone can ensure 'la « révélation » dřune oeuvre étrangère dans son être propre à la culture réceptrice' (1995: 57). This dynamic from deficient initial translation to accomplished retranslation has been consolidated into the Retranslation Hypothesis, namely that 'later translations tend to be closer to the source text' (Chesterman, 2004: 8, my emphasis). In order to investigate the validity of the hypothesis, this thesis undertakes a case study of the British retranslations of Flaubert's Madame Bovary and Sand's La Mare au diable. A methodology is proposed which allows the key notion of closeness to be measured on both a linguistic and a cultural axis. Given Flaubert's famous insistence on 'le mot juste', Madame Bovary serves as a basis for an examination of linguistic closeness which is guided by narratology and stylistics, and underpinned by Halliday's (2004) Systemic Functional Grammar. On the other hand, Sand's ethnographical concerns facilitate a study of cultural closeness: here, narrativity (Baker, 2006) informs an analysis of how Berrichon cultural identity is mediated through retranslation. In both cases, the thesis draws on paratextual material (Genette, 1987) such as prefaces and advertisements, and on extra-textual material, namely journal articles and reviews, in order to locate specific socio-cultural influences on retranslation, as well as highlighting the type and extent of interactions between the retranslations themselves. Ultimately, this thesis argues that the Retranslation Hypothesis is untenable when confronted with the polymorphous behaviour of retranslation, both within and without the text.

Licenciado en artes mención en teoría e historia del arte / Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880), indudablemente uno de los más importantes escritores occidentales, no sólo se caracteriza por publicar una serie de textos maestros -entre los cuales Madame Bovary es sino el más logrado, al menos el de mayor resonancia en nuestros días-, también se define por ceder ante las fantasías y placeres que prometiera Oriente, encaminando sus pasos hacia aquellas tierras exóticas, peligrosas y sensuales. Su móvil: el placer de ver con sus propios ojos aquello entrevisto desde su infancia en la gran cantidad de representaciones que por aquel entonces circulaban sobre el mundo oriental. Por otra parte, Arthur Rimbaud (1854-1891), poeta, vagabundo, desertor intratable, cumbre y modelo de un rabioso malditismo decimonónico, fija su itinerario sobre aquellas tierras donde la soberanía es ejercida por el sol y la brutalidad; es también Oriente su espejismo. Oriente con sus misterios y, sobretodo, una compleja maquinaria de subyugación colonial que resulta indisociable a la producción de las representaciones que pretendieron desvelarlo. Sin embargo, el móvil de Rimbaud es diferente: enriquecerse a toda costa. Dicho de otro modo, mientras el primero es movido por la promesa de una voluptuosidad mayor, el segundo persigue incansablemente el oro que pudiera arrebatar a los nativos de los territorios donde Occidente ha arribado con todo su poderío técnico. De tal manera que, en sus respetivos viajes, Flaubert resulte ser el turista, así como Rimbaud, el colonizador. Dos caras de la misma moneda, desentrañadas aquí con el objeto de reflexionar sobre el lugar del sujeto moderno, específicamente del hombre de letras, al momento de viajar en la búsqueda de lugares que -sembrados a partir de una representación- tal vez no están más que en la propia mente de aquellos que viajan.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, 2018. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). / Este trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver um estudo das traduções brasileiras do romance Madame Bovary, de Gustave Flaubert. Trata-se da análise crítica de onze traduções publicadas de 1944 a 2014, que constituem o corpus da pesquisa e que correspondem a setenta anos de traduções do romance francês no Brasil. Publicado em 1857, Madame Bovary adquiriu visibilidade, após o autor e os diretores da Revue de Paris, revista que, inicialmente, publicou os episódios do romance em folhetins, serem acusados de atentado contra a moral e os bons costumes da sociedade francesa de meados do século XIX. A fama literária do romance foi a responsável pela produção de diversos estudos a seu respeito, como os desenvolvidos por BAUDELAIRE, 1857; GAULTIER, 1913; BERTRAND, 1921; ALBALAT, 1927; DUMESNIL,1932; AUERBACH, 1946; DIGEON, 1970; BARTHES, 1972, entre tantos outros pesquisadores, autores e críticos. A investigação a respeito da obra traduzida foi norteada pelos trabalhos desenvolvidos por renomados críticos e estudiosos da tradução, como BERMAN, 1990; EVEN-ZOHAR, 1990; BASSNETT, 2003; CASANOVA, 2002; RISTERUCCI-ROUDNICKY, 2008; GENETTE, 2009; LADMIRAL, 2011; LAMBERT e VAN GORP, 2011. Para a verificação da forma como a obra traduzida foi recebida no Brasil, foram necessários traçar os perfis dos tradutores e das editoras responsáveis pela publicação do romance, pois, por meio desse estudo, foi possível avaliar como as traduções foram tratadas até sua chegada ao público leitor. Antes do estudo detalhado dos textos traduzidos, foram realizadas pesquisas a respeito dos peritextos das traduções, uma vez que o conhecimento do que está localizado ao redor desses textos é de fundamental importância para que se possa melhor compreendê-los. Por fim, o exame detalhado das traduções foi realizado com base na seleção de quatro momentos considerados chave para a estrutura interna da narrativa: o baile de la Vaubyessard, os comícios agrícolas, o passeio de fiacre e o envenenamento de Emma. O objetivo da análise crítica dos referidos excertos, cenas antológicas do romance, é ainda acompanhar as suas retraduções nas onze versões que constituem o corpus desta pesquisa. / This work aims to develop a study of the Brazilian translations of the novel Madame Bovary, by Gustave Flaubert. This is a critical analysis of eleven published translations of the novel from 1944 to 2014, which are the corpus of the research and correspond to seventy years of translations of this French novel in Brazil. Published in 1857, Madame Bovary got visibility after the author and the directors of the Revue de Paris (a magazine that initially published episodes of the novel in serials) had been accused of attacking the morality and good manners of the French society in their age. The literary fame of the novel was responsible for the production of several studies on it, such as those developed by BAUDELAIRE, 1857; GAULTIER, 1913; BERTRAND, 1921; ALBALAT, 1927; DUMESNIL, 1932; AUERBACH, 1946; DIGEON, 1970; BARTHES, 1972, among many other researchers, authors and literature critics. This research was conducted by works developed by renowned literature critics and translation scholars, such as BERMAN, 1990; EVEN-ZOHAR, 1990; BASSNETT, 2003; CASANOVA, 2002; RISTERUCCI-ROUDNICKY, 2008; GENETTE, 2009; LADMIRAL, 2011; LAMBERT and VAN GORP, 2011. For the verification of how the work was done in Brazil, it was necessary to trace the profiles of the translators and publishers responsible for the publication of the novel in order to evaluate how they were treated until their arrival to the reading public. Before the detailed study of the translated texts, the research was carried out on the paratexts of the translations, since the knowledge of what is located around these texts has fundamental importance so that one can better understand them. Finally, the detailed examination of the translations was made based on the selection of four moments which were considered the key to the internal structure of the narrative: Vaubyessard's prom, agricultural rallies, the fiacre ride and Emma's poisoning. In addiction, the objective of the critical analysis of these anthological scenes of the novel is to follow their retranslations in the eleven versions of the corpus of this research. / Ce travail vise à développer une étude des traductions brésiliennes du roman Madame Bovary de Gustave Flaubert. Il s’agit d’une analyse critique des onze traductions publiées entre 1944 à 2014, ce qui correspond à soixante-dix ans de traductions du roman français au Brésil. Publié en 1857, Madame Bovary est apparu initialement sous forme de roman en série sur le magazine Revue de Paris. Mais l’auteur et le conseil d’administration de la revue ont étés accusés d’atteinte à la morale et aux bonnes moeurs de la société française de la moitié du siècle XIX. A partir de ce moment là, le roman a gagné en visibilité. Sa renommée littéraire était responsable de la production de diverses études à leur sujet, comme ceux développés par BAUDELAIRE, 1857; GAULTIER, 1913; BERTRAND, 1921; ALBALAT, 1927; DUMESNIL, 1932; AUERBACH, 1946; DIGEON, 1970 ; BARTHES, 1972, parmi de nombreux autres chercheurs, auteurs et critiques. La recherche sur l’oeuvre traduite a été guidée par des travaux développés par des critiques renommés et des spécialistes de la traduction, tels que BERMAN, 1990; EVEN-ZOHAR, 1990; BASSNETT, 2003; CASANOVA, 2002; RISTERUCCI-ROUDNICKY, 2008; GENETTE, 2009; LADMIRAL, 2011; LAMBERT et VAN GORP, 2011. Pour vérifier la façon dont l’oeuvre traduite a été reçue au Brésil, il a fallu tracer les profils des traducteurs et des éditeurs responsables de la publication du roman. Cette étude nous a permis d’évaluer comment les traductions ont été traitées jusqu’à leur arrivée au public lecteur. La connaissance qui se trouve autour du texte est très importante pour sa compréhension, c’est pourquoi des enquêtes concernant les péritextes des traductions ont été menées avant l’étude détaillée des textes traduits. Finalement, l’examen détaillé de la traduction a été basé sur la sélection de quatre moments clés de la structure interne du récit: le bal de la Vaubyessard, les comices agricoles, le trajet du fiacre et l’empoisonnement d’Emma. Le but de l’analyse critique des scènes anthologiques du roman est d’accompagner leurs retraductions dans les onze versions qui composent le corpus de cette recherche.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Littérature française : Paris8 : 2007. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. f. 460-511. Notes bibliogr.

Diss. : Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität : 1989. / Bibliogr. p. XXXI-XXXVIII.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 179 p. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Eugene Holland, Dept. of French and Italian. Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-179).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000. / Typescript. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-227). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-250). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Fictional characters who mistake reality for fiction can be considered as parodies, beings invented by the author to denounce the illusions of which they are victims. But this viewpoint is not valid if the novels in which those "mistaken readers" exist suggest, to the contrary, that reality is problematic; it is therefore impossible to judge the characters without "afterthoughts", since these characters, in a way, are pointing to the fact that the reality they live in is "unreal". / Such is the case with Madame Bovary and Don Quijote. These two novels, as a result of different "techniques", essentially tell their readers to be suspicious about what is "true" and what is "false". These are novels without a strong authorial voice, novels that speak more about how characters conceive reality than about reality itself, which remains in both cases a complete mystery. / This viewpoint can be extended into a definition of the novel, in terms of what it says (or doesn't say) about the world. And in fact, a novel doesn't say anything about the world, at least not directly. It could be described as "a machine" made from what the characters say. Obviously, such a machine cannot be taken too seriously, since nobody (that is to say no real person) is actually saying what is being said in its pages. But at the same time, by refusing to show the fictional world in itself, (by always showing it through the eyes of fictional characters), the novelist reminds his reader that the real world itself is inescapably ambiguous.