The diploma thesis describes performance in the area of air transport, based on performance of national economies of two selected neighbouring countries, Czech Republic and Germany, through comparison of their gross domestic product in the selected time period. The operating performance is focused mainly on transportation performance of air transport. First part of the thesis is dealing with interconnection of economy with air transportation. Crucial part of the work contains analysis of development of GDP and analysis of development of transportation performance of both countries. Part of the thesis is also acquisition of passenger-kilometre data derived from fuel consumption and produced emissions of CO2.

Since the discovery of the structure of DNA in the early 1953s and its double-chained complement of information hinting at its means of replication, biologists have recognized the strong connection between molecular structure and function. In the past two decades, there has been a surge of research on an ever-growing class of RNA molecules that are non-coding but whose various folded structures allow a diverse array of vital functions. From the well-known splicing and modification of ribosomal RNA, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are now known to be intimately involved in possibly every stage of DNA translation and protein transcription, as well as RNA signalling and gene regulation processes. Despite the rapid development and declining cost of modern molecular methods, they typically can only describe ncRNA's structural conformations in vitro, which differ from their in vivo counterparts. Moreover, it is estimated that only a tiny fraction of known ncRNAs has been documented experimentally, often at a high cost. There is thus a growing realization that computational methods must play a central role in the analysis of ncRNAs. Not only do computational approaches hold the promise of rapidly characterizing many ncRNAs yet to be described, but there is also the hope that by understanding the rules that determine their structure, we will gain better insight into their function and design. Many studies revealed that the ncRNA functions are performed by high-level structures that often depend on their low-level structures, such as the secondary structure. This thesis studies the computational folding mechanism and inverse folding of ncRNAs at the secondary level. In this thesis, we describe the development of two bioinformatic tools that have the potential to improve our understanding of RNA secondary structure. These tools are as follows: (1) RAFFT for efficient prediction of pseudoknot-free RNA folding pathways using the fast Fourier transform (FFT)}; (2) aRNAque, an evolutionary algorithm inspired by Lévy flights for RNA inverse folding with or without pseudoknot (A secondary structure that often poses difficulties for bio-computational detection). The first tool, RAFFT, implements a novel heuristic to predict RNA secondary structure formation pathways that has two components: (i) a folding algorithm and (ii) a kinetic ansatz. When considering the best prediction in the ensemble of 50 secondary structures predicted by RAFFT, its performance matches the recent deep-learning-based structure prediction methods. RAFFT also acts as a folding kinetic ansatz, which we tested on two RNAs: the CFSE and a classic bi-stable sequence. In both test cases, fewer structures were required to reproduce the full kinetics, whereas known methods (such as Treekin) required a sample of 20,000 structures and more. The second tool, aRNAque, implements an evolutionary algorithm (EA) inspired by the Lévy flight, allowing both local global search and which supports pseudoknotted target structures. The number of point mutations at every step of aRNAque's EA is drawn from a Zipf distribution. Therefore, our proposed method increases the diversity of designed RNA sequences and reduces the average number of evaluations of the evolutionary algorithm. The overall performance showed improved empirical results compared to existing tools through intensive benchmarks on both pseudoknotted and pseudoknot-free datasets. In conclusion, we highlight some promising extensions of the versatile RAFFT method to RNA-RNA interaction studies. We also provide an outlook on both tools' implications in studying evolutionary dynamics.

- International air transport: enforcement of rights of passengers under Regulation (ES) No. 261/2004 in the light of judgments of the European court of Justice The subject of this thesis is the enforcement of the rights of passengers under the Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights. The thesis is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter the particular conventions which have been concluded in the area of the international air transportation and which have influenced this area greatly are covered, in particular the Warsaw and Montreal Conventions. The second chapter focuses on the Regulation 261/2004 itself. Particular situations which establish the right for compensation to the passengers are described and analyzed. The issue of the definition of the term "extraordinary circumstances" has not been omitted either. The provisions of the Regulation 261/2004 are interpreted in the light of the SDEU judiciary. The conclusion of the second chapter consists of the future view and the view on the Regulation 261/2004 de lege ferenda. The third chapter follows the substantive regulation by its...

L'interaction matière-lumière dans des milieux opaques donne lieu à des phénomènes collectifs nécessitant le couplage d'équations atomiques et d'une équation de transport. Le piégeage de la lumière dans un système atomique multi-niveaux sera étudié expérimentalement dans une vapeur froide et théoriquement avec le couplage des paramètres atomiques à une équation de diffusion. Ensuite, du gain sera ajouté dans ce nuage d'atomes froids multi niveaux. Nous montrerons théoriquement qu'un seuil laser existe dans ce type de système combinant gain et diffusion et qu'expérimentalement le gain Raman associé à de la diffusion sur une raie résonante a permis l'observation d'un laser aléatoire à atomes froids. La validité de l'équation de diffusion nécessite une non redistribution en fréquence et donc des atomes suffisamment froids pour s'affranchir de l'effet Doppler. Finalement nous étudierons le transport dans une vapeur atomique chaude (20°C-180°C) opaque. L'effet Doppler invalide la loi de Beer-Lambert pour la longueur des pas des photons entre des diffusions qui suivent alors une statistique de Lévy. / The matter-light interaction in opaque media gives rise to collective effects which may be explained by the coupling between atomic equations and light transfer equation. The trapping of light in an opaque multi-levels atomic system will be studied experimentally in a cold vapour and theoritically. Then, this vapour will be in situation with gain and amplification of light occurs. We will show that a laser threshold exists with this kind of system. Experimentally, the mixing of Raman gain and multiple scattering on a resonant line allowed the abservation a cold-atom random laser. The validity of diffusion equation needs a non frequency shift and so the temperature of atoms should be sufficiently cold to avoid Doppler effect. Finally we study the transport of light in an opaque hot atomic vapour (20°C-180°C). The Doppler effect breaks the Beer-Lambert law for photons step size distribution which is then a Levy flight statictics.

My study researches the individual male characteristics of Cordulegaster boltonii in relation to their epigamic behavior. The first part of this study analyzes the relations of the measured characteristics (length and height of the wing, wings area, body weight, age), in the second part I assess their possible effect on the epigamic behavior of males of Cordulegaster boltonii, specifically how they affect the intensity of searching for females. Males of this species perform distinctive scanning flights over a stream to find an ovipositing female to mate with her. I used individually marked males to quantify their performance which can be interpreted as reproductive success because more active males are more likely to meet and mate females. My work includes 3 methods of evaluating activity. The first is based on the actual number of flights, the second on the average daily order of the males (based on the number of flights in days when the males have been seen). The third method combines the average daily order with number of days when the males could be seen. In the second part of the study I evaluate the effect of the above-mentioned individual characteristics on the flight activity of males. The outcome of the GLM indicates that the only characteristic with significant effect is the age of the...

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discorrer a respeito dos desdobramentos da operacionalização dos voos da morte na Argentina, durante a última ditadura civil-militar daquele país, entre os anos de 1976 a 1983. É possível afirmar que os voos da morte configuraram, simultaneamente, uma prática de desaparecimento, extermínio e ocultação de cadáveres de opositores políticos em poder do Estado, escolhida, planejada e sistematizada pelos militares que tomaram o poder através do golpe de Estado em 1976. A metodologia empregada nesta prática de desaparecimento variou conforme o tempo e as condições apresentadas nos centros clandestinos de detenção (CCD). Levando-se em consideração esse fato, foi uma opção do presente trabalho debruçar-se mais pormenorizadamente no caso mais emblemático, a ESMA, a Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada, um dos maiores campos de concentração ativos durante o período da ditadura militar. Para as considerações deste trabalho, foram analisados documentos produzidos pelo Judiciário argentino relativos aos julgamentos dos repressores acusados de crimes de lesa-humanidade, assim como testemunhos pessoais de repressores e sobreviventes da ESMA. A prática dos voos da morte e suas consequências são transcendentes ao espaço físico que ocuparam os CCD. Estes desdobramentos ultrapassam inclusive os limites territoriais da própria Argentina, devido ao fato de que através das correntes marítimas do Rio da Prata e do Oceano Atlântico, cadáveres foram levados às praias do Uruguai, nação que também à época vivia sob um regime ditatorial. Além de uma metodologia de desaparecimento, os voos da morte também podem ser entendidos como uma metodologia de ocultação de cadáveres, como permite compreender o caso dos corpos lançados no delta do rio Paraná, na província de Entre Rios, e as diversas testemunhas das aparições e dos lançamentos. Há também o caso dos cadáveres aparecidos na costa brasileira, em abril de 1978, documentados por jornalistas, que levantam suspeitas a respeito da conivência das autoridades brasileiras com a ocultação dos restos mortais das vítimas dos voos da morte. Para as considerações sobre estes desdobramentos, são analisadas fontes testemunhais O entendimento do funcionamento dessa metodologia de desaparecimento e ocultação de cadáveres é fundamental para a compreensão destes desdobramentos citados. / This paper aims to discuss about the developments of the operation called "death flights" in Argentina, during the last civil-military dictatorship in that country between the years 1976 to 1983. It can be said that the “death flights” configured simultaneously, a practice of disappearance, death and concealment of corpses of political opponents by the state. This methodology used in the practice of disappearance varied as time and the conditions in the Clandestine Detention Centers (CCD). Taking into account this fact, it was an option of this work to address in more details the most emblematic case, the ESMA (Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada), one of the largest active concentration camps during the period of military dictatorship. For considerations of this work, documents produced by argentine courts at the time of the trials of repressors accused of crimes against humanity, as well as personal testimonies of repressors and survivors of ESMA were analyzed. The practice of the “death flights” and its consequences transcend the physical space that occupied the CCD. These developments even beyond the boundaries of Argentina itself, due to the fact that through the currents of the Rio de la Plata and the Atlantic Ocean, corpses were taken to the beaches of Uruguay, a nation that also at the time lived under a dictatorial regime. In addition of being a methodology of disappearance, the “death flights” can also be understood as a methodology of concealment of corpses, once is it possible to understand the case of the bodies thrown into the Parana River delta, in the province of Entre Rios, and several witnesses of the apparitions. There is also the case of the corpses appeared on the Brazilian coast, in April 1978, documented by journalists, raising suspicions about the connivance of the Brazilian authorities with the concealment of the remains of victims of the “death flights”. For consideration of these developments, witness sources are analyzed. The understanding of the operations of disappearance methodology and concealment of corpses is essential to understand these developments cited.

This diploma thesis analyzes the operation of a small airport. It focuses on the status of this airport, on its history, infrastructure, air traffic control and services offered. There is also a comparison of small and large airport.

Economic and trade exchanges have become more and more frequent between China and Taiwan in recent years. After decades of confrontation, it is finally evident that a tighter ice-breaking relationship exists now between the two governments reinforced by an inseparable historical relationship between the two peoples. Accordingly, both governments have established responsible organizations - the Mainland Affairs Council and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits ¡V to coordinate and solve the demands of the people. As a result of positive changes in policy, one of the main expected benefits amongst more commercial opportunities are the cross-strait direct flights. In recent years, difficult times have hit Taiwan's airline industry coming initially from a highly competitive domestic airline environment, followed by the establishment of the High-Speed Rail system and further dragged down from the Financial Crisis. The result was a reduction in market share and revenues far below the levels in its boom years forcing players to reduce the number of flights and routes to various parts within Taiwan and shutdown of one of the major domestic airlines. However, after the announcement and release of the new cross-strait direct-flight policy, Taiwan's airline industry is expected to recover from this depression and come to life. Nevertheless, the most significant issue is how the Taiwanese airlines will implement their marketing strategies to establish a strong position for themselves within the Taiwan market. Therefore, this study aims Therefore, this study aims to use a case study approach to analyze cross-strait direct-flight strategies, and it is hoped that this research can be used as a reference for airlines to establish their strategic planning and an appropriate business model for the future. The process and abstract of this research are as follows: 1) Gain a clear understanding of direct-flight policy and analyze the current status of the airlines industry 2) Analyze market potential and business opportunities for the airline industry arising from the direct-flight policy 3) Evaluate prevailing growth strategies for the airline industry moving forward 4) Case Study of China Airlines: Operating Performance and Industry Environmental Analysis 5) Study and provide recommendations on cross-strait direct-flight strategies for China Airlines

Taiwan successfully accomplished the second transfer of power in May 2008. During the presidential campaign period, one could easily discover that issues with respect to cross-strait relations always occupied the center of the attention both at home and abroad. The biggest difference on the issues of cross-strait policy between the two competing parties was regarded as conservativeness and openness. Among major proposals presented by the Kuomintang (KMT) during the campaign in 2008, the key incentive and quickest way to improve and rejuvenate Taiwan’s sluggish economy was to introduce cross-strait direct charter flights and encourage Mainland tourists to visit Taiwan. As of July 2013, there are 616 direct passenger flights flying to and from Mainland China on a weekly basis and over seven million Mainland tourists have visited Taiwan. This thesis utilized Secondary Data Analysis to investigate the negotiation process and developments of the cross-strait direct air transportation. This thesis does not aim at evaluating the comprehensive impacts of the full implementation of cross-strait direct air transportation; instead, it emphasizes the political view, policy-making considerations, and the negotiation process made by Taiwan’s ruling parties at different eras and interactions with their Mainland counterparts in an effort to offer productive recommendations for the competent authorities across the Taiwan Strait. / Taiwan successfully accomplished the second transfer of power in May 2008. During the presidential campaign period, one could easily discover that issues with respect to cross-strait relations always occupied the center of the attention both at home and abroad. The biggest difference on the issues of cross-strait policy between the two competing parties was regarded as conservativeness and openness. Among major proposals presented by the Kuomintang (KMT) during the campaign in 2008, the key incentive and quickest way to improve and rejuvenate Taiwan’s sluggish economy was to introduce cross-strait direct charter flights and encourage Mainland tourists to visit Taiwan. As of July 2013, there are 616 direct passenger flights flying to and from Mainland China on a weekly basis and over seven million Mainland tourists have visited Taiwan. This thesis utilized Secondary Data Analysis to investigate the negotiation process and developments of the cross-strait direct air transportation. This thesis does not aim at evaluating the comprehensive impacts of the full implementation of cross-strait direct air transportation; instead, it emphasizes the political view, policy-making considerations, and the negotiation process made by Taiwan’s ruling parties at different eras and interactions with their Mainland counterparts in an effort to offer productive recommendations for the competent authorities across the Taiwan Strait.

In this work, we analyze search dynamics and the statistical properties of an organism in search of a target of interest. In general terms, there are many interesting aspects of studies of this nature. For example, in the biological context, organisms in Nature constantly interact one with another, both of the same as well as of different species. The general objectives of random searches are diverse, ranging from searches for food, reproductive partners, etc. of living organisms to socio-economically relevant processes, such as searches for missing children, fugitive terrorists, or searches for petroleum. In our specific model, we consider the searcher and the target moving randomly in a one dimensional lattice of size with periodic boundary conditions. The type of diffusion in the system is determined by the choice of the probability distribution function for the steps sizes for the individual walkers. We assume a power law distribution, characteristic of Levy processes, . Considering an initial energy for the searcher, an energetic expenditure for the walk and an energetic gain g for each target found, we discuss relevant physical quantities, such as energy fluctuations, the fraction of survival searchers and the cumulative energy for N time steps, as a function of the parameters, e.g., the lattice size . We find that searches with ballistic diffusion are more efficient than Brownian ones, allowing the survival of the searcher in situations of ultra-low target density. This extreme behavior guarantees the differential survival of such searchers. We also find strong evidence of a continuous phase transition, in which one phase has survival and the other phase has extinction. We calculate the critical densities which depend on the parameters of diffusion adopted by the organisms. We also obtain the critical exponents for the transition. Our results suggest a universality of the critical exponents, which independent of the type of diffusion of the organisms. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho, analisamos a dinâmica de busca e propriedades estatísticas de um organismo buscador ( searcher ) à procura de um alvo de interesse ( target ). De forma geral, muitos são os aspectos de interesse nesse tipo de estudo. Por exemplo, se pensarmos no contexto biológico, temos que na natureza constantemente organismos interagem uns com os outros, tanto dentro da mesma como entre diferentes espécies. Os objetivos gerais da busca aleatória são os mais variados, indo desde busca de alimentos, parceiro para reprodução etc, em seres vivos, até processos de interesse socio-econômicos, como busca por crianças desaparecidas, terroristas fugitivos ou então busca por petróleo. Em nosso modelo específico, consideramos o buscador e o alvo caminhando aleatoriamente numa rede unidimensional de tamanho e com condições periódicas de contorno. O tipo de difusão no sistema é determinado pela escolha da função de distribuição de probabilidade para os passos individuais dos indivíduos. Assumimos uma distribuição tipo lei de potência, característica de processos de Lévy . Considerando uma energia inicial do buscador , um gasto energético de caminhada e um ganho de energia g cada vez que o buscador encontra o alvo, discutimos algumas quantidades físicas relevantes, como flutuação energética, fração de buscadores sobreviventes e energia acumulada para N passos realizados - tempo de busca - como função de diferentes parâmetros, por exemplo, o comprimento de rede . Constatamos que o processo de busca com difusão balística é mais eficiente do que a Browniana, ocasionando a sobrevivência do organismo buscador em situações de densidade de alvos muito baixas. Este comportamento extremo garante a relativa sobrevivência do buscador. Também verificamos fortes evidências de uma transição contínua, para a qual numa dada fase temos sobrevivênvia e em outra temos extinção. Calculamos as densidades críticas que dependem dos parâmetros de difusão adotados pelos organismos. Também obtemos os expoentes críticos relacionados a tal transição. Nossos resultados sugerem uma universalidade dos expoentes críticos, que independente do tipo de difusão seguida pelos organismos.