In early 2001, the Government of Taiwan opened Kinmen and Matsu areas for ¡§Mini Three Links¡¨ with the coastal area of Fukien, China. The main purposes of the ¡§Mini Three Links¡¨ policy are to enhance the construction and development of the off-island area and promote positive interaction across the Taiwan Strait. However, the implementation of ¡§Mini Three Links¡¨ policy also reveals that the interchanges between both sides of the Taiwan Strait are inevitable as well as the issues of ¡§Three Links¡¨ can not be broken through all the time. As a result, both sides of the Taiwan Strait start a subtle political competition in issues related to ¡§Mini Three Links¡¨. Now, it has been many years since the ¡§Mini Three Links¡¨ policy took effect. However, the Government of Taiwan still has a sense of powerlessness in its promotion of the policy, and complaints are also frequently heard from people. This is mainly because of too many restrictions set by the Government on ¡§Mini Three Links¡¨. People of Kinmen and Matsu feel that the benefits they actually obtained from the policy are different from what they expected. Moreover, the differences between the appeal of the Government¡¦s policy and peoples¡¦ expectation toward the policy are also reflected in the implementation of the policy. Owing to the reasons mentioned above, the policy only achieves a limited effect. Besides, the failure of both governments across the strait to communicate with each other effectively is also one of the important factors leading to the poor results of the policy. On the one hand Mainland China is promoting the policy for its political end, and on the other hand Taiwan is unwilling to accept the principle of ¡§One China¡¨. Therefore, the benefits of ¡§Mini Three Links¡¨ policy are questioned due to the lack of mutual trust between both sides. In terms of transportation cost and time saving, even though the implementation of ¡§Mini Three Links¡¨ policy is not so perfect, it is still a worthy policy before the ¡§Three Links¡¨ is formally opened. So far, the ¡§Mini Three Links¡¨ policy has created a certain degree of prosperity for Kinmen and Matsu areas where the political warfare is lifted, so it does have its value of existence.

Since the trial implementation of the ¡§Mini-Three-Links¡¨ policy in Kinmen on January 1, 2001, the government has in the past seven years adjusted relevant policies after step-by-step reviews based on the principle of promoting related matters in a sequential and orderly manner. The scale of the ¡§Mini-Three-Links¡¨ has expanded day by day, which has not only provided convenience to the lives of the people in Kinmen, but also provided convenient channels to the Taiwanese people traveling to and from the Mainland China. As of July 2008, the total number of people traveling across the Strait via the ¡§Mini-Three-Links¡¨ route has reached 1.586 million (both gross exit and gross entry) and the number of sailings via this route has reached 23,353.

Taiwan is a small island and there are more than 90% of the ex/import trade of the country is dominated by the shipping transportation. The shipping transportation is very important to the existence and development of the country. Taiwan and China being an official member of WTO since from the year 2002, the coastal shipping transportation between Taiwan and China is still very busy and even if more frequent than before. The direct navigation between Taiwan and China ports is still strict prohibited by the Taiwan government. All the ships must be direct sailing for the third port such as Hong Kong, Ishigaki Jima, Busan for only port clearance purpose after sailed from China or Taiwan ports, vice versa. The exact effect of the mini three links between China and Taiwan is quite limited, when the major three links will come true is still unclear under the political issue across the Taiwan Strait so far. Taiwan shipping industry is encountering some challenges or obstacles in the current circumstance regarding how to penetrate or break through the existing barriers to be successfully survived in the market or develop their business connection in China those are either coming from Taiwan government or China administration being installed to the Taiwan shipping forwarders. Shipping industry is including the ship owners¡Bshipping agents¡Bfreight forwarders (NVOCC). This study will explore the result of the Taiwan shipping industry can better utilize the company¡¦s core competence to smooth run the business in Taiwan and develop its connection in mainland China. Will use Hansen Group as an individual case by using the company¡¦s strategy of its several different stream business divisions to ¡§think global, act locally¡¨, standing in Taiwan¡Bgo to China and take the world.

金門位處福建省南海岸與廈門、漳州、泉州對口的孤島，住民沿習中華閩南文化生活，自1949年大陸國共兩黨內戰成為台灣反共前哨，長年來的兩岸歷史恩怨，隨著歷史的變遷，時局的更迭，兩岸的敵對關係逐漸轉為緩和，進而共謀發展，其具體表徵之一為金門與廈門實施「小三通」。而小三通之實施，對於金門人來說，為前所未有之經驗，此項措施對於金門人來說，帶來何種衝擊，金門人真正需要的是什麼，自小三通實施以後，金門人的感受又是如何？此項課題值得深究，而研究者為金門的一份子，基於長年以來對於鄉土的熱愛，以學術的角度，對此議題加以研究，是理所當然亦是職責所在。 本研究為瞭解「小三通」與金門住民生活需求及滿意度，事涉受訪者主觀經驗詮釋，本文採用深度訪談法，以40歲以上金門原住民13位在不同職業、性別、年齡、居住地作為訪談對象。研究發現： 一、「小三通」以來金門住民環境依賴對岸。金門需要擴張港口基礎整建。教育環境：採認開放承認大陸學歷、規劃金門為大學城。醫療環境：開放與廈門醫院合作醫療健保。消費娛樂：提升更多元化的優質休閒管道。產業環境：創造有利的投資環境，開放陸資進駐金門、設置免稅區，提升觀光人口增加創業就業。 二、金門住民對「小三通」的生活滿意度： （一）、交通改善最大受益是台商。 （二）、地方建設看不到實質的成效。 （三）、在文化親情方面呈一致性的滿意。 （四）、在生活品質上持正面的看法與滿意。 三、金門住民對「小三通」經濟滿意度： （一）、對金門的復活商機呈現不滿意。 （二）、金門的資源條件遠不如廈門。 （三）、產業成長：金門酒廠除外百業萎縮，惟有旅遊業與特產業有微幅成長。 四、依據本研究發現提供以下建議 （一）、加速修正落實「離島建設條例」。 （二）、落實民生基礎建設、交通建設、水資源開發政策。 （三）、觀光產業配套：金門重新定位、流程法令鬆綁、提升觀光基礎建設內涵、實施兩岸交流合作。 （四）、落實醫療環境軟硬體設施。 （五）、落實金門設為大學島構思，作雙學歷採認制度。 / Situated as an offshore island on the Southern coast of Fujian Province and opposite to Xiamen, Changzhou and Quanzhou, Kinmen inherited Chinese culture from the South Min and its residents were thus imbued. Kinmen has become Taiwan’s outpost against China since the Civil War between KMT and the Chinese Communists in 1949. In recent years, the long-term aversion and hostility between Taiwan and China has been fading with the pass of time and change of cross-Strait political tides. In this regard, further cooperation and development are mutual concerns for both sides of the Strait, and one of the concrete symbolic policies is the so-called Kinmen-Xiamen “Mini Three Links”. For the people of Kinmen, the policy is an unprecedented experience; therefore, it is important to understand what impact will be brought forth, and what Kinmen’s residents exactly need and how they feel after the implementation. Being a local resident of Kinmen, the author tends to pay more attention and enthusiasm to this homeland; moreover, it is thus the responsibility as well for the author to concentrate on the study in the context of “Mini Three Links”. The objective of the study is to understand Kinmen residents’ livelihood demand and satisfaction with the “Mini Three Links”. A semi-structured interview method was applied and conducted in this study, focusing on 13 local residents of different occupations, genders, ages, and townships. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. For Kinmen’s residents, their living environment deeply relies on the Mainland after the implementation of the “Mini Three Links”. Thus it is necessary for Kinmen to expand its infra-structure on harbor construction. With reference to education, it is suggested that Chinese educational system and degrees should be recognized, and a university community should be established in Kinmen. In the medical-care environment, future cooperation in health insurance with Xiamen hospitals is highly recommended. With respect to consuming and recreational conditions, it is indispensable that a pluralistic channel for upgrading leisure and recreation development has to be explored. As to the industrial environment, the policies such as creating a better investment surrounding, openness of Chinese funds in Kinmen, setting up a duty-free zone, and increasing tourists to Kinmen are also highly recommended. 2. Kinmen residents’ livelihood satisfaction with the “Mini Three Links”: a. Taiwanese businesspeople benefit the most from the improvement of traffic. b. Local infra-structure and construction is not substantially upgraded. c. Residents have overall satisfaction with cultural and fraternal relations. d. Positive opinion and satisfaction with living quality. 3. Kinmen residents’ satisfaction with economy: a. Dissatisfaction with likely rehabilitation of Kinmen’s economy. b. Kinmen’s resource conditions are much worse than that of Xiamen. c. Excluding Kinmen’s liquor company, business industries have been declining. However, tourism industry and local specialties are slightly flourishing. 4. Suggestions: a. Speeding up revision of the “Offshore Island Construction Act”. b. Substantiating policies of infra-structure, traffic, and water resources exploration and development. c. Repositioning Kinmen’s role in the cross-Strait relations, enhancing in-depth infra-structure in tourism industry, and strengthening cross-Strait interflow and cooperation. d. Building up medical-care surrounding and hardware and software facilities. e. Constructing Kinmen an Island of Universities, and bilaterally recognizing educational degrees and diplomas with China.

On Sept. 11, 2001, three planes crashed into the upper floors of Twin Towers of the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. It was an apparent terrorist¡¦s attack on U.S.A. The terrorist¡¦s attacks have caused thousands of people¡¦s death. The world-wide aftermath of this catastrophe has also brought about massive changes in the way of life. Many countries have further acknowledgement of the importance of society¡¦ security and country¡¦s border control. This is especially true in the perception of social security and people¡¦s privacy. Customs is a symbol of sovereignty and a country¡¦s border control. It not only takes charge of duty collection and smuggling interdiction, but also protects national security and social stability. Furthermore, Customs executes trade policies, curbs counterfeit goods, and enforces environmental protection policies. At the beginning of the new millennium, the global village has gradually formulated a mainstream concept that international interactions will be more and more pervasive. In the future, Customs will play an even greater role in national financial administration. ¡§International Regime¡¨theory is a very important point at international relation issue, ¡§International Regime¡¨can be defined as a set of implicit or explicit principles¡Bnorms¡Brules¡Band decision-making procedures in which actor¡¦s expectations converge in a given area of international relations. ¡§World Customs Organization¡¨is the best symbol to reveal International Regime theory and the function of Customs. The missions of World Customs Organization (WCO) are as follows: 1. WCO establishes, maintains, supports and promotes international instruments for the harmonization and uniforms application of simplified and effective Customs systems and procedures governing the movement of commodities, people and conveyances across Customs frontiers. 2. WCO reinforces its¡¦ members¡¦ efforts to secure compliance with their legislation, by endeavoring to maximize the level of effectiveness of members¡¦ co-operation with one another and with international organizations in order to combat Customs violations and other transnational offences. 3. WCO assists its¡¦ members in their efforts of meeting the challenges of the modern business environment and efforts of adapting to the changing circumstances. WCO also promotes communication and co-operation among members or with other international organizations. It can effectively foster integrity, human resource development, Customs transparency, management improvements and working methods. This thesis is to conduct a comparative analysis on Taiwan Strait, both sides¡¦ Customs legal base, organization level, clearance & revenue collection, anti-smuggling, anti-terrorism, and other subjects. The analysis is based from 1949, the year of dividing sovereignty across the Taiwan Strait. For years, the two Customs administrations across the Taiwan Strait have enforced their own different systems under the authority of their respective government. Although reciprocal contacts and communications have been slow and symbolical in the past, both sides still have the same language and same race. Most of all, both Customs authorities have the sameness: the major and concurrent missions of duty collection, anti-smuggling and anti-terrorism etc. Therefore, by utilizing international regime¡¦s cooperation institute system, Customs between Mainland China and Taiwan can construct pragmatic and existing institutes for mutual benefits. In order to meet the rules after both sides¡¦ entering WTO in 2002, both sides Customs will review their organization with new administration. Under norms of international Customs practice, we will progressively reform Customs operation, enhance administrative efficiency and upgrade the quality of service to achieve our goals of barrier-free clearance, and to facilitate our national economic growth. Depending on international trade, economy norms and Customs function- co-operations, both sides shall be establishing systematized rules and bilateral mechanism in the near future. Moreover, both sides will be able to reach a consensus so that a win-win situation can be created. This thesis is written to be expected for the contributions as below: 1. We will acknowledge that Customs is a symbol of sovereignty and an organization of a country¡¦s border control. After USA 911 disaster, anti-terrorism and anti-smuggling of illegal articles on border have become the focus of Customs missions. 2. World Customs Organization (WCO) is an essential institution at international trade and economy relation issue. It could frame a norm basis to facilitate two sides¡¦ Customs cooperation. 3. Across the Taiwan Strait, two sides¡¦ Customs should shoulder the bridge role of economy cooperation and provide mutual smuggle information to each other so as to combat drug smuggling and illegal activities. 4. Customs could be a frontier of country diplomacy. When Mainland China & Taiwan¡¦s diplomacy relations can¡¦t make a breakthrough in difficult situations and positions, Customs may assist government in playing a role of negotiator on trade and economy matters. 5. As the work of ¡§Three Links¡¨ is related as closely as to the Customs business, constructing Interactive Mechanism of Customs between Mainland China and Taiwan is an absolute necessity.

2008年5月，在新政府上台後兩岸間經貿往來越來越密切，兩岸間勢必將面對一個新的互動關係，也將對兩岸產業間的互動產生直接及間接的衝擊。在兩岸交流日益活絡的情形下，熱錢湧入，包括陸資、外資、與回流的台商資金等「三資」正悄悄的進入台灣。市場各種訊息顯示，這股錢潮對房市、股市已迅速產生相當的衝擊。在國際資金眼中，台灣已成了佈局大陸大戰略棋局中極優質的選擇，本文研究之目的在於探討兩岸三通後對於台北市房價之影響。 本研究係採用2000年至2009年之信義房屋房價指數資料為樣本，藉由迴歸分析來做實證研究。實證結果顯示，台北市人口總數對於房價變動的影響為負向影響；股價加權指數、平均每人國內生產毛額、台北市消費者物價指數、台北市家庭收支、匯率及兩岸三通等，對於台北市房價均有顯著正向之影響；而台北市結婚對數、勞動力參與率及金融海嘯等，則對於台北市房價的變化無顯著關係。 / As new government inaugurated in May 2008, economic and trade exchanges cross Taiwan Strait became intent. A new and friendly interaction model across the strait was born and it would inevitably cast direct and indirect impacts on business activities of both sides. Hot Money, including Chinese funds, international funds and oversea Taiwanese funds are gradually inflowing to Taiwan. Market statistics show that, this wave of Hot Money has had rapid and significant impacts in property market and stock market. From international investment community’s point of view, Taiwan has become a quality target to deploy into the gigantic market of China. The purpose of this research aims to discuss the impacts Three Links will have impacts on Taipei City property market. This research adapts housing price index from 2000 to 2009 provided by Sinyi Real Estate, using regression analysis to provide empirical studies. Empirical studies show that, population of Taipei city versus housing price alteration is negative correlated, where as TAIEX, GDP, CPI, Family Income & Expenditure, Exchange Rates and Three Links have direct impacts on Taipei City property market. As for Marriages, Labor Force Participation Rate and financial crisis show no significant correlation in Taipei city property market.

Abstract In 2002, Kaohsiung Port has become the fifth largest container world port in world rank, losing to Korea¡¦s Pusan Port the third time and to the Mainland¡¦s Shanghai Port the first. Under the fierce threat of global ports¡¦ competitions, Kaohsiung Port now is also facing the challenges from other new ports along the Mainland¡¦s coastline. Therefore, it might not even keep the fifth in rank if there is no any other managing strategy more effective to confront global ports¡¦ competitions. As a part of the Port, Kaohsiung Customs has the responsibility for helping it on the issues of three links and direct transport, planning free-trade portal zone and fulfilling obligations after entering WTO. Moreover, the Customs can render help to revitalize the Port as vigorous as before. In compliance with the Port¡¦s strategy, the Customs should know: how to use the synergy gained from knowledge management and innovation to simplify the administrative work, how to utilize the newest and most effective enforcement, and how to introduce the newest technology and instrument to reach the demand of Customs modernization¡Xa barrier-free clearance environment¡Xso as to raise the business sectors and the port¡¦s international competitiveness ¡Xall are testing the expertise and wisdom of the Port¡¦s authorities in business strategy. Nominal Group Technique (NGT), applied in a group, an organization, an enterprise, a community or a society, has certain performance of solving unstructured problems which are important, complex, badly communicated with, or controversial. According to general research, using NGT to operate interactive management has the effects such as effective participation of team workers, realizing and identifying an issue, reaching a consensus and conclusion, as well as restructuring recognition from interactive learning. This research proceeded with interviewing local experts, and compiling their opinions those were used not only to verify the research¡¦s assumptions but also to develop a subsequent NGT interactive questionnaire. This questionnaire was to test the interactive NGT participants. With the same questionnaire they were tested twice¡Xbefore and after the interaction. Thus, we can examine the degree of interactive learning satisfaction to verify the achievement of NGT interaction. Therefore, the NGT effects can both be the proof of the theoretical basis and the research discovering, which leads to a conclusion and research suggestions. The concrete achievements of NGT interaction include the big ten preferential strategies and an enhanced structural drawing. The structural drawing is a tangible achievement of the research operated by NGT. Moreover, the research collected and analyzed information through the editorials of domestic major newspapers in order to testify the intensity of which the big ten strategies and the structural drawing were converged on the strategy of ¡§three links and direct transport¡¨. The conclusion points out that it will help Kaohsiung Port strive for becoming a hub of global logistical centers. The complexity of the Customs affairs has certain influence over the development of a port¡¦s competition. Nowadays, the issue of the Customs modernization has become a new trend for every country in the world since the US Congress passed the Customs Modernization Act in 1993. How are the results of the two Customs modernization across the strait? This research collected relevant information to analyze and to compare. In conclusion, we found that the achievement of NGT interaction can be verified by general research. Besides, either by expert-interviewing method or by inviting relevant participants to involve the NGT interaction, the final conclusions have the following suggestions those are utilizing knowledge management and innovation to improve the Customs clearance operations, integrating the information between the harbor & Customs, applying risk management to reduce the Customs interference, launching the direct sea transport, decreasing the operation cost of port, legislating as soon as possible for establishing free-trade portal zone¡Ketc. All above will have the most enforceable effects on the competition and development of Kaohsiung Port. The strategy of ¡§Cross-strait three links and direct transport¡¨ will have the most effect on Kaohsiung Port that becomes the hub of global logistic centers.

Taiwan successfully accomplished the second transfer of power in May 2008. During the presidential campaign period, one could easily discover that issues with respect to cross-strait relations always occupied the center of the attention both at home and abroad. The biggest difference on the issues of cross-strait policy between the two competing parties was regarded as conservativeness and openness. Among major proposals presented by the Kuomintang (KMT) during the campaign in 2008, the key incentive and quickest way to improve and rejuvenate Taiwan’s sluggish economy was to introduce cross-strait direct charter flights and encourage Mainland tourists to visit Taiwan. As of July 2013, there are 616 direct passenger flights flying to and from Mainland China on a weekly basis and over seven million Mainland tourists have visited Taiwan. This thesis utilized Secondary Data Analysis to investigate the negotiation process and developments of the cross-strait direct air transportation. This thesis does not aim at evaluating the comprehensive impacts of the full implementation of cross-strait direct air transportation; instead, it emphasizes the political view, policy-making considerations, and the negotiation process made by Taiwan’s ruling parties at different eras and interactions with their Mainland counterparts in an effort to offer productive recommendations for the competent authorities across the Taiwan Strait. / Taiwan successfully accomplished the second transfer of power in May 2008. During the presidential campaign period, one could easily discover that issues with respect to cross-strait relations always occupied the center of the attention both at home and abroad. The biggest difference on the issues of cross-strait policy between the two competing parties was regarded as conservativeness and openness. Among major proposals presented by the Kuomintang (KMT) during the campaign in 2008, the key incentive and quickest way to improve and rejuvenate Taiwan’s sluggish economy was to introduce cross-strait direct charter flights and encourage Mainland tourists to visit Taiwan. As of July 2013, there are 616 direct passenger flights flying to and from Mainland China on a weekly basis and over seven million Mainland tourists have visited Taiwan. This thesis utilized Secondary Data Analysis to investigate the negotiation process and developments of the cross-strait direct air transportation. This thesis does not aim at evaluating the comprehensive impacts of the full implementation of cross-strait direct air transportation; instead, it emphasizes the political view, policy-making considerations, and the negotiation process made by Taiwan’s ruling parties at different eras and interactions with their Mainland counterparts in an effort to offer productive recommendations for the competent authorities across the Taiwan Strait.

金門，一個不起眼的海中蕞爾小島，在歷史漫卷的偶然機遇裡，被捲入了台海兩岸對峙、自由與共產陣營的冷戰衝突中，一躍成為世界知名的「戰地」。隨著世界冷戰的結束、國內民主運動的蓬勃發展，1992年11月7日金門解除戒嚴，褪下戰地的角色。尤其是1990年9月12日兩岸紅十字會簽定的《金門協議》，2001年實施的「小三通」，不但開啟了金門的新機運，亦成為兩岸由對抗、對峙走向和解的重要試點。 因此，本論文將針對兩岸關係演變中金門戰略價值之變遷作為研究的核心目的，內容分為三個部分論述： 一、認知與瞭解金門從兩岸武力對抗及停火對峙階段、終止動員戡亂時期後1995與1996年台海危機事件，以及2008年馬英九總統就任後，各個不同時期金門在軍事上所扮演的角色與價值。 二、探討「小三通」施行後在兩岸關係演變的中介角色、「小三通」與金門經濟價值之連結與擴張，尤其是兩岸簽訂「經濟合作架構協議」(ECFA)之後，金門主要經濟價值的展望。 三、藉由早期的「戰地政務實驗」階段與金門政治建設的關係、兩岸簽訂《金門協議》所突顯的政治戰略價值，以及金門在兩岸政治發展過程的見證，探究金門之政治價值。 爰此，經由以上的分析與論證，說明了長期以來金門在國際、兩岸的變局中所扮演的不同角色，而金門角色的蜕變，也相對見證了時代的變遷，與一部千曲百折的中國現代史。 / Quemoy is an inconspicuous island. In the long history stream, it was involved into Cold War between Taiwan and Mainland China, and also became a world famous battlefield. After Cold War was over and Taiwan Democracy Movement was vigorous development. On 7th November, 1992, Quemoy removed martial law, left the role of war. Especially, the Red Cross between Taiwan and Mainland China signed “Quemoy Agreement” on 12th September, 1990; in 2001, the government executed the “mini-three links” not only changed destiny of Quemoy, but also from hostility to reconciliation. Hence, the research of Quemoy strategy value is divided into three parts as below: First, Knowing and realizing Quemoy militarily against between cross-strait and Cold War, after Period of mobilization for the suppression of Communist rebellion, cross-strait crisis 1995 and 1996, and after President Ma sworn in, each different period has different values and roles in Quemoy military history. Secondly, Research the role between cross-strait relations developing after the “Mini-Three Links” was executed. The Quemoy economic value linkage and expending from that kind of links, especially after the ECFA, the forecast of Quemoy economic value. Thirdly, According to “civil-military government” period and some relevant political constructions, “Quemoy Agreement” strategy and political value, and the evidence of cross-strait political development, the essay focuses on the political value of Quemoy. Above all, after the analyzing and certificating, shows the Quemoy different roles between international and cross-strait relations. By following the development of Quemoy value, it also presents the theatrically modern China history.

本研究では李登輝政権以降の台湾における対外経済政策の変化メカニズムを検討した。構造レベルからの入力である米国の台湾政策と台湾企業は、台湾政府に対して対中投資規制の緩和と直航便の開設を求めてきた。これに対して台湾政府は、強固な抵抗・不安定な抵抗・構造への順応という3つの反応をしてきた。これを決定付けるのは、政権基盤の強弱・政権の重心・政権基盤の強化策というユニットレベルの3つの変数であることを明らかにした。 / This study examines the mechanism of changing foreign economic policy of Taiwan. The U.S. Taiwan policy and Taiwanese businesses, which were the inputs from the structure level, had demanded Taiwanese government to ease restrictions regarding investment to PRC and to introduce direct cross-strait link. Taiwanese government's reactions can be divided into three, which are 'Strict Resistance,' 'Partial Resistance,' and 'Accommodation to Structure.' This study shows that 'Strangeness of Administration's Political Power Base,' 'Administration's Direction,' and 'Way of Enforcing Administration's Political Power Base,' which are unit level variables, had determined which reaction the government would take. / 博士(政治学) / Doctor of Political Science / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University