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The primary objective of this research was to identify practices by which specialty cut flower growers can extend the vase life of cut delphinium, sunflower, and dahlia. Experiments investigated the effects of nitrogen fertilization rate on delphinium 'Guardian Mix' and the effects of deficit irrigation on delphinium 'Guardian Blue.' 'Guardian Mix' plants produced marketable cut stems at nitrogen rates as low as 50 mg/L. Deficit irrigation did not change vase life, stomatal conductance, or transpiration rates of delphinium 'Guardian Blue.' Studies tested the effects of foliar calcium applications or benzyladenine application on sunflower 'Moulin Rouge' and 'Procut Lemon.' Calcium did not change the vase life, stomatal conductance, or transpiration rates of either sunflower cultivar. Benzyladenine applied as a preharvest spray or a postharvest dip did not alter vase life of sunflower 'Moulin Rouge' or 'Procut Lemon.' Transpiration rate and conductance rates of sunflowers significantly decreased in the first three days after harvest. In both sunflower experiments, vase life of 'Moulin Rouge' was shorter than vase life of 'Procut Lemon.' Benzyladenine was also applied to dahlia 'Park Princess' and 'Karma Yin Yang' cut flowers. Benzyladenine did not change dahlia vase life. Dahlia 'Park Princess,' 'Bride to Be,' 'Cherish,' and 'Lollipop' cut flowers were not sensitive to exogenous ethylene. Further experiments tested the effect of flower stage at harvest, vase water temperature, or preharvest fungicide application on dahlia 'Park Princess' and 'Karma Yin Yang' cut flowers. Vase life of 'Park Princess' flowers was extended when flowers were harvested before fully open, but 'Park Princess' flowers harvested at budbreak failed to open completely after harvest. 'Karma Yin Yang' cut flower vase life did not differ when flowers were harvested at different stages. Placing cut dahlias in hot vase water had varied effects, but did not extend vase life of either cultivar. Fungicide applications extended vase life of 'Park Princess' flowers. However, the use of fungicide is not necessary to prevent postharvest fungal infection in cut dahlias. The results of all experiments indicate that optimal handling practices vary between cut flower taxa and that factors determining cut flower vase life are complex. / Master of Science

Leung, Yu Tim. / Thesis submitted in: November 2006. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-128). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Thesis Committee --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / 摘要 --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Tables --- p.ix / List of Figures --- p.x / Abbreviations --- p.xiii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Flower herbal teas --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- R. rugosa --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- The phytochemistry of R. rugosa --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Secondary metabolites --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Classification of secondary metabolites --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5 --- Phenolic compounds --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Phenylpropanoid compounds --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Lignins --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Coumarins --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5.4 --- Stilbenes --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5.5 --- Tannins --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5.6 --- Flavonoids --- p.9 / Chapter 1.6 --- Oxidative Stress --- p.13 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Diseases related to ROS --- p.13 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Significant chemical or biochemical conversion of ROS --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Sources of ROS --- p.15 / Chapter 1.7 --- Natural dietary antioxidants --- p.15 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- Vitamin C --- p.15 / Chapter 1.7.2 --- Vitamin E --- p.16 / Chapter 1.7.3 --- Carotenoids --- p.16 / Chapter 1.7.4 --- Phenolic compounds --- p.16 / Chapter 1.8 --- Cancinogenesis --- p.17 / Chapter 1.9 --- Cell cycle --- p.18 / Chapter 1.9.1 --- Cell cycle of eukaryotic cells --- p.18 / Chapter 1.9.2 --- Checkpoints of cell cycle --- p.18 / Chapter 1.10 --- Cancer cell lines --- p.19 / Chapter 1.11 --- The growth phases of cancer cell lines --- p.20 / Chapter 1.12 --- Antiproliferative effects of phenolic compounds --- p.21 / Chapter 1.13 --- Genotoxicity of phenolic compounds --- p.22 / Chapter 1.14 --- Objectives --- p.23 / Chapter 2. --- Methods and Materials / Chapter 2.1 --- Extraction of active substances --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2 --- Determination of antioxidant activities TEAC assay --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3 --- Determination of hydroxy 1 radical scavenging activity by the deoxyribose assay --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4 --- Determination of phenolic contents by Folin´ؤCiocalteu assay --- p.43 / Chapter 2.5 --- Determination of total flavonoid by aluminum chloride colorimetric method --- p.43 / Chapter 2.6 --- Determination of oxidative DNA damage by comet assay --- p.44 / Chapter 2.7 --- Cell lines propagation --- p.49 / Chapter 2.8 --- Determination of antiproliferative activities by MTT assay (colorimetric) --- p.50 / Chapter 2.9 --- Determination of antiproliferative activities by BrdU labeling assay --- p.52 / Chapter 2.10 --- Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry --- p.55 / Chapter 2.11 --- Determination of genotoxicity by SOS chromotest --- p.57 / Chapter 3. --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Dermination of antioxidant activities by TEAC assay --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Trolox Standard Reference --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- TEAC of the seven flower extracts --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2 --- Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity by deoxyribose assay --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3 --- Determination of phenolic contents by Folin´ؤCiocalteu assay --- p.60 / Chapter 3.4 --- Determination of total flavonoids by colorimetirc aluminium chloride assay --- p.61 / Chapter 3.5 --- "The Inter-correlation between the antioxidant activities, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of flower extraction powders" --- p.61 / Chapter 3.6 --- Determination of oxidative DNA damage by comet assay --- p.62 / Chapter 3.7 --- Determination of antiproliferative activities by MTT assay --- p.63 / Chapter 3.7.1 --- Antiporoliferative activities on HepG2 --- p.63 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- Antiproliferative activities on MCF7 --- p.63 / Chapter 3.7.3 --- IC50 of R. rugosa extract on both HepG2 and MCF7 --- p.64 / Chapter 3.8 --- "The Inter-correlation between antioxidant activities, total phenolic contents, flavonoid contents, and the antiproliferative activities of flower extraction Powders" --- p.64 / Chapter 3.9 --- Determination of DNA synthesis by BrdU labeling analysis --- p.65 / Chapter 3.10 --- Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry --- p.65 / Chapter 3.11 --- Determination of genotoxicity by SOS chromotest --- p.66 / Chapter 4. --- Discussions / Chapter 4.1 --- Extraction method --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2 --- Comparison of TEAC of the dry flowers with other foods --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3 --- Correlation between ABTS+ and hydroxyl scavenging ability of flower extraction powder --- p.91 / Chapter 4.4 --- Comparison of phenolic contents of the fry flowers with other foods --- p.92 / Chapter 4.5 --- Correlation between total phenolic contents and flavonoid contents of flower Eextraction powders --- p.92 / Chapter 4.6 --- "Correlation between total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of flower extraction powders" --- p.93 / Chapter 4.7 --- Factors affecting the antioxidant power besides total phenolic contents --- p.94 / Chapter 4.8 --- Synergistic effect of phenolic compounds --- p.94 / Chapter 4.9 --- Toxicity of drinking flower herbal tea --- p.95 / Chapter 4.10 --- Recommended dose of flower herbal teas --- p.96 / Chapter 4.11 --- Antiproliferative activities of flower extracts by MTT assay --- p.97 / Chapter 4.12 --- Antiproliferation activities of flower extraction Powders by Brdu labeling assay --- p.98 / Chapter 4.13 --- Protective effects of flower extraction powder on oxidative DNA damage determined by comet assay --- p.99 / Chapter 4.14 --- Cell cycle analysis --- p.100 / Chapter 4.15 --- Further Studies --- p.101 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion --- p.102 / Chapter 6. --- References --- p.103

Postharvest stem bending is one of the most detrimental factors that affect postharvest quality life of Gerbera jamesonii cutflower varieties. Stem bending is of economic importance in the cutflower industry in South Africa because it negatively affects the overall total sales. Growers and retailers want to improve the postharvest vaselife of this crop using suitable preservatives. The aim of this study was to determine suitable preservatives and optimal vaselife conditions that could prevent or minimise postharvest stem bending of Gerbera jamesonii “Black diamond”. The variety “Black diamond was selected and treated with four different floral preservative solutions. The relationship between stem bending and absorption rate of the preservative solutions was established. The data gathered indicated that there was a significant difference to the solution absorption rate and stem bending. Stem bending differed from 0 to 38 degrees. Stems treated on control, preservative 3 and 4 recorded the highest degrees of bending, while preservative 1 and 2 recorded the lowest degrees of stem bending within 12 day period. The performance results of the preservatives and control repeated three times under the same experimental conditions showed that preservative 1 and 2 can be used to minimise postharvest stem bending of Gerbera jamesonii ‘Black diamond’ / College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Ornamental Horticulture)

Orientador: Maria Viviane do Amaral Veras / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T06:00:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kushida_LeticiaYukariIwasaki_M.pdf: 1996206 bytes, checksum: 4caa644c0caa472d7af0d90f3cdd0de7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo refletir sobre tradução e sobre o trabalho de escuta do tradutor por meio da elaboração de uma tradução de Flowers for Algernon (1966), romance de ficção científica, escrito pelo estadunidense Daniel Keyes. Uma das hipóteses deste trabalho é a de que a escuta do outro e de si mesmo em cada língua mobiliza, de certa forma, um tipo de ética da tradução. O livro conta a história de Charlie Gordon, um homem com deficiência intelectual que se submete a um experimento científico, uma cirurgia para elevar seu quociente de inteligência (QI). A narrativa em primeira pessoa é caracterizada por aspectos textuais de uma pessoa com dificuldades de escrita da língua inglesa e que apresenta mudanças gradativas na qualidade dessa escrita à medida que o experimento surte o efeito esperado. No romance de Keyes, interessa-nos a exigência da voz do tradutor, uma prova que passa pela literatura, mas que pede outro tipo de criação que não aquela que tradicionalmente reconhecemos como artística. Diante dessa prova de tradução, surgem indagações como: de que maneira traduzir esses "escritos" de Charlie? Como lidar com as dificuldades de escrita de uma língua em outra? Essas perguntas fazem-nos refletir sobre o erro e o preconceito linguísticos, o sentido, a carga, o fardo de termos que hoje são considerados pejorativos, mas transportados de um tempo em que a linguagem não era tão monitorada e o preconceito era naturalizado. Tudo isso leva a uma reflexão sobre ética em tradução: que ética pode conduzir uma tradução de Flowers for Algernon? Na impossibilidade de defini-la no ponto de partida da tradução, tal ética só poderá ser pensada na zona fronteiriça entre o traduzível e o intraduzível, assim como entre o dizível e o indizível, durante a tradução e ao final dela, de tal modo que só terá sido mostrada ao final do trabalho / Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to contemplate translation and the work of translator's act of listening by means of translating Flowers for Algernon (1966), a science fiction novel written by Daniel Keyes. One assumption made in this paper is that the act of listening to oneself and the other necessitates thinking about translation ethics. Flowers for Algernon is a novel about Charlie Gordon, a mentally disabled man who is the subject of a scientific experimental surgery designed to raise his intelligence quotient (IQ). The first-person narrative employs textual characteristics of a person with writing difficulties, which gradually diminish as the experiment begins to take effect. In the translation of Keyes's novel, the demand of the translator's voice is of primary interest, as it requires a kind of creation other than that which is considered artistic. Through this experience, the following questions are raised: how can one translate Charlie's "writing"? How should a translator manage writing problems from one language in another? These questions lead to thinking about linguistic mistakes and prejudice, and the sense, charge, and burden of words that are considered disparaging nowadays, but are to be transported from a time in which language was less monitored and prejudice was commonplace. All of this calls upon an ethical reflection in translation. Which ethics should be considered in translating Flowers for Algernon? If answering this question at the start of translation is impossible, such ethics can only be thought in the borderlands between the translatable and untranslatable, the speakable and unspeakable, and during the translation and upon its completion, which will be explored at the end of this paper / Mestrado / Teoria, Pratica e Ensino da Tradução / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

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Drug Sambuci nigrae flos - Sambuci nigrae flos is obtained from the wild plants. The drug is primarily used to help reduce the symptoms of colds and flu. Elder flower provides antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and diuretic effects. The main substances are flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid. Elderflowers from bred cultivars are not used to obtain drug so far. The aim of this work was to determine antioxidant acitivitiy of extracts of eldeflower cultivars. Cultivars ′Albida′, ′Allesö′, ′Aurea′, ′Bohatka′, ′Dana′, ′Haschberg′, ′Heidegg 13′, ′Juicy′, ′Korsør′, ′Mammut′, ′Pregarten′, ′Riese aus Voßloch′, ′Sambo′, ′Sambu′, ′Samdal′, ′Sampo′, ′Samyl′, ′Tulbing′ and ′Weinhenstephan′ were analyzed. Antioxidant activity was measured spectrophotometrically using DPPH ((2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical method. Results of antioxidant activity were expressed as IC50 (concentration required for 50% reduction of the DPPH radical). The measured values are in the range 0.0419 - 0.0772 mg/ml. Cultivars 'Heidegg 13', 'Albida', 'Tulbing' showed the highest antioxidant activity, whereas the lowest activity was found in 'Pregarten','Korsør' and 'Allesö' clutivars.