Abstract not available

In this doctoral work, we adress various problems arising when dealing with multi-physical simulations using a segregated (non-monolithic) approach. We concentrate on a few specific problems and focus on the solution of aeroelastic flutter for linear elastic structures in compressible fl ows, conjugate heat transfer for re-entry vehicles including thermo-chemical reactions and finally, industrial electro-chemical plating processes which often include stiff source terms. These problems are often solved using specifically developed solvers, but these cannot easily be reused for different purposes. We have therefore considered the development of a flexible and reusable software platform for the simulation of multi-physics problems. We have based this development on the COOLFluiD framework developed at the von Karman Institute in collaboration with a group of partner institutions. For the solution of fl uid fl ow problems involving compressible flows, we have used the Finite Volume method and we have focused on the application of the method to moving and deforming computational domains using the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation. Validation on a series of testcases (including turbulent flows) is shown. In parallel, novel time integration methods have been derived from two popular time discretization methods. They allow to reduce the computational effort needed for unsteady fl ow computations. Good numerical properties have been obtained for both methods. For the computations on deforming domains, a series of mesh deformation techniques are described and compared. In particular, the effect of the stiffness definition is analyzed for the Solid material analogy technique. Using the techniques developed, large movements can be obtained while preserving a good mesh quality. In order to account for very large movements for which mesh deformation techniques lead to badly behaved meshes, remeshing is also considered. We also focus on the numerical discretization of a class of physical models that are often associated with fluid fl ows in coupled problems. For the elliptic problems considered here (elasticity, heat conduction and electrochemical potential problems), the implementation of a Finite Element solver is presented. Standard techniques are described and applied for a variety of problems, both steady and unsteady. Finally, we discuss the coupling of the fluid flow solver with the finite element solver for a series of applications. We concentrate only on loosely and strongly coupled algorithms and the issues associated with their use and implementation. The treatment of non-conformal meshes at the interface between two coupled computational domains is discussed and the problem of the conservation of global quantities is analyzed. The software development of a flexible multi-physics framework is also detailed. Then, several coupling algorithms are described and assessed for testcases in aeroelasticity and conjugate heat transfer showing the integration of the fluid and solid solvers within a multi-physics framework. A novel strongly coupled algorithm, based on a Jacobian-Free Newton-Krylov method is also presented and applied to stiff coupled electrochemical potential problems.

<p>The work in this thesis focuses on the use of explicit finite element analysis (FEA) in the modelling of fluid-structure interaction of panel-water impacts. Paper A, considers modelling of a two-dimensional rigid wedge impacting a calm water surface. From analytical methods and results of a systematic parameter study a generalised approach for determination of fluid discretization and contact parameters in the modelling of arbitrary hull-water impact situations is developed and presented. In paper B the finite element modelling methodology suggested in paper A is evaluated for elastic structures by a convergence study of structural response and hydrodynamic load. The structural hydroelastic response is systematically studied by a number of FE-simulations of different impact situations concerning panel deadrise, impact velocity and boundary conditions. In paper B a tentative method for dynamic characterization is also derived. The results are compared with other published results concerning hydroelasticity in panel water impacts. The long-term goal of this work is to develop design criteria, by which it can be determined whether the loading situation of a certain vessel type should be regarded as quasi-static or dynamic, and which consequence on the design a dynamic loading has.</p>

No description available.

A partitioned approach is studied to solve strongly coupled nonlinear fluid structure interaction problems. The stability, convergence and performance of explicit and implicit coupling algorithms are explored. The partitioned approach allows to re-use existing codes in a more general context. One purpose of this work is to be able to couple them as black-boxes. To that end, the scientific software component framework CTL is considered. Therefore a fluid and a structure component based on existing software are developed and coupled with a master code approach. Computational performance of different remote calls and parallel implementation of components are also depicted herein. The re-use of existing software allows to couple advanced models developed for both sub-problems. In this work, the structure part is solved by the Finite Element Method, with the possibility to use different non-linear and large deformation behaviors. For the fluid part, examples modeled with an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation are considered, solved with a finite volume method. The models used are first transient incompressible flows described by the Navier-Stokes equation, then free surface flows. With the latter, the impact of sloshing and breaking waves on model structures can be computed

This thesis studies interactions between coupled acoustic domain(s) and enclosing rigid or elastic boundary. Boundary element-finite element (BE-FE) sound-structure interaction models are developed by coupling frequency domain BE acoustic and FE structural models using linear inviscid acoustic and elasticity theories. Flexibility in analyses is provided by discontinuous triangular and quadrilateral elements in the BE method (BEM), and a rectangular plate and a triangular shell element in the FE method (FEM). An analytical formulation is developed for an extended fundamental sound-structure interaction problem that involves locally reacting sound absorptive treatment on interior elastic boundary. This new formulation is built upon existing analytical solutions for a configuration known as the cavity-backed-plate problem. Results from developed analytical formulation are compared against those from independent BE-FE analyses. Analytical and BE-FE analysis results for a selection of cavity-plate(s) interaction cases are given. Single- and multi-domain BE analyses of cavity-Helmholtz resonator interaction are provided as an alternative to modal method of acoustoelasticity. A discrete-form of the existing BE acoustic particle velocity formulation is presented and demonstrated on a basic case study. Both the existing and the discretized BE acoustic particle velocity formulations could be utilized in acoustic studies. A selection of case studies involving fundamental configurations are studied both analytically and computationally (by BE or BE-FE methods). These studies could provide a basis for benchmark case development in the field of acoustics.

Orientador: José Luiz Gasche / Resumo: Aneurismas são anormalidades formadas em algumas partes do sistema vascular humano e se caracterizam por regiões dilatadas e finas da parede arterial. Um dos tipos mais comuns ocorre no interior das artérias que chegam ao cérebro, no chamado círculo de Willis. Estes casos de aneurismas intracranianos são extremamente perigosos, pois em caso de rompimento podem ocasionar hemorragia cerebral, com consequente morte ou presença de sequelas permanentes no paciente. As causas dos aneurismas vêm sendo investigadas há tempos, e os pesquisadores concordam que os fenômenos hemodinâmicos têm papel fundamental na formação, crescimento e ruptura do aneurisma cerebral. Entretanto, os procedimentos experimentais para se conhecer melhor as características do escoamento de sangue no interior do aneurisma ainda são de difícil realização. A partir do desenvolvimento de técnicas de mapeamento do sistema vascular cerebral, pôde-se obter a geometria de aneurismas de modo que métodos numéricos na solução de problemas de escoamento passaram a ser utilizados. A partir de então, diversas pesquisas vêm sendo feitas visando a investigação da influência das variáveis biológicas e hemodinâmicas na ruptura do aneurisma. Entretanto, apenas recentemente foi dado foco na influência da interação fluido-estrutura que existe neste problema, devido a flexibilidade da parede da artéria. Assim, usando geometrias de aneurismas específicos de pacientes, simulamos o escoamento sanguíneo utilizando o pacote open-source... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Aneurysms are abnormalities formed in some regions of the human vascular system and are characterized by dilated and thin regions of the arterial wall. One of the most common types occurs inside the brain arteries in the so-called circle of Willis. These intracranial aneurysms are extremely dangerous, because in case of rupture they can cause sub-arachnoid hemorrhage, with consequent death or presence of permanent damage to the patient. Causes of aneurysms have been investigated for a long time, and researchers agree that hemodynamic effects play a key role in the formation, growth, and rupture of brain aneurysms. However, the experimental procedures to better understand the characteristics of blood flow within the aneurysm are still difficult to perform. With the development of scanning techniques of the cerebral vascular system, it has been possible to obtain the geometry of aneurysms and then with that numerical methods for the solution of blood flow have begun to be used. Since then, several researchers have been investigating the influence of biological and hemodynamic variables on aneurysms rupture. However, it has been only in the last decade that the influence of fluid-structure interaction, due to the flexibility of the artery wall, on those variables has been investigated. In this context and using patient-specific aneurysm geometries, we simulated the blood flow using the opensource library foam-extend, which uses a partitioned methodology to numerically solve the ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Résumé: Les anévrismes sont des anomalies formées sur certaines régions du système vasculaire humain et sont caractérisés par des régions dilatées de la paroi artérielle, avec une petite épaisseur. L’un des types les plus communs se produit à l’intérieur des artères de la base du cerveau, dans le cercle de Willis. Ces cas d’anévrismes intracrâniens sont extrêmement dangereux car ils peuvent provoquer une hémorragie sous-arachnoïdienne en cas de rupture, avec la mort ou la présence d’un dommage définitif pour le patient. Les causes d’anévrismes sont étudiées depuis longtemps et des recherches reconnaissent que les effets hémodynamiques jouent un rôle clé dans la formation, la croissance, et la rupture des anévrismes intracrâniens. Cependant, les procédures expérimentales pour mieux comprendre les caractéristiques de l’écoulement du sang dans l’anévrisme sont encore difficiles à réaliser. Avec le développement de techniques des images du système vasculaire cérébral, il a été possible d’obtenir la géométrie des anévrismes, donc des méthodes numériques ont commencé à être utilisées pour la solution de l’écoulement dans les anévrismes, et alors plusieurs recherches ont étudié l’influence des variables biologiques et hémodynamiques sur la rupture de l’anévrisme. Cependant, ce n’est que dans la dernière décennie que l’influence de l’interaction fluide-structure, due à la flexibilité de la paroi de l’artère, sur ces variables a été étudiée. Dans ce contexte et à l’aide de géométries d’anévri... (Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous) / Mestre

Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés à la simulation numérique de suspensions denses d'objets immergés dans un fluide. En s'inspirant d'une méthode de segmentation d'image, nous avons développé une méthode efficace de capture d'interface permettant d'une part de localiser les structures immergées et d'autre part de gérer les contacts numériques entre les structures.Le domaine fluide/structure est représenté à l'aide de trois fonctions labels et deux fonctions distances qui permettent de localiser chaque structure et son plus proche voisin.Les interfaces sont capturées par une seule fonction level set, celle-ci est ensuite transportée par la vitesse du fluide ou par la vitesse de chaque structure. Un algorithme de multi-label fast marching permet de réinitialiser à chaque pas de temps les fonctions labels et distances dans un périmètre proche des interfaces.La gestion des contacts numériques est effectuée grâce à une force répulsive à courte portée prenant en compte l'interaction entre les objets les plus proches.Dans un premier temps, la méthode est appliquée à l'évolution de solides rigides immergés.Un modèle de pénalisation global couplé aux fonctions labels permet de calculer en une seule fois l'ensemble des vitesses des structures rigides. Les résultats obtenus montrent l'efficacité de la méthode à gérer un grand nombre de solides.Nous avons ensuite appliqué la méthode des suspensions de vésicules immergées. Ce type de simulation requiert le calcul des forces élastiques et de courbures exercées sur les membranes. Grâce au modèle proposé, seulement une force élastique et une force de courbure sont calculées pour l'ensemble des membranes à l'aide de la fonction level set et des fonctions labels. / In this work, we propose a method to efficiently capture an arbitrary number of fluid/solid or fluid/fluid interfaces, in a level-set framework. This technique, borrowed from image analysis, is introduced in the context of the interaction of several bodies immersed in a fluid. A configuration of the bodies in the fluid/structure domain is described by three label maps providing the first and second neighbours, and their associated distance functions. Only one level set function captures the union of all interfaces and is transported with the fluid velocity or with a global velocity field which takes into account the velocity of each structure. A multi-label fast marching method is then performed in a narrow-band around the interfaces allowing to update the label and distance functions. Within this framework, the numerical treatment of contacts between the structures is achieved by a short-range repulsive force depending on the distance between the closest bodies.The method is validated through the simulation of a dense suspension of rigid bodies immersed in an incompressible fluid. A global penalization model uses the label maps to follow the solid bodies altogether without a separate computation of each body velocity. Consequently, the method shows its efficiency when dealing with a large number of rigid bodies. We also investigate the numerical simulation of vesicle suspensions for which a computation of elastic and bending forces on membranes is required. In the present model, only one elastic and bending force is computed for the whole set of membranes according to the level set function and the label maps.

Elementos de materiais flexíveis são empregados em diversas aplicações na engenharia, como por exemplo, em pás de turbinas eólicas. O comportamento do escoamento é afetado pela alteração na forma da estrutura. Muitas vezes, seu movimento e deformação são induzidos pelas próprias forças fluidodinâmicas. O trabalho apresenta o estudo de escoamentos externos envolvendo a interação fluido-estrutura, com o interesse voltado ao comportamento de pás de turbinas eólicas. Simulações numéricas são realizadas com o intuito de avaliar o efeito que a deformação da estrutura, devido à resposta elástica às forças oriundas do escoamento, tem nas próprias forças fluidodinâmicas. A plataforma ANSYS Workbench é utilizada, combinando o software ANSYS CFX para a análise do fluido e o ANSYS Mechanical para a análise da estrutura. Como validação do método, o escoamento laminar sobre um cilindro apoiado elasticamente é estudado e comparado com dados da literatura. O caso escolhido para o presente trabalho é o de um escoamento turbulento sobre um elemento de pá, fixo em uma das suas extremidades e livre na outra. A geometria da pá é retangular com o perfil NACA 0012 e o modelo de turbulência utilizado é o k-ω SST. Os resultados demonstram a influência significativa que a deformação da estrutura tem nas forças fluidodinâmicas de sustentação e arrasto e concordam com a literatura existente. / Elements of flexible materials are employed in several engineering applications, for instance, in wind turbine blades. The flow behavior is affected by any change in the shape of the structure. Often, its displacement and deformation are induced by the fluid-dynamic forces themselves. This paper presents the study of an external flow using fluid-structure interaction (FSI), focused on the behavior of wind turbine blades. Numerical simulations are performed in order to evaluate the effect that the deformation of the structure, caused by the elastic response to the flow forces, has on the fluid-dynamic forces themselves. The ANSYS Workbench platform is used, combining the software ANSYS CFX for the fluid analysis and ANSYS Mechanical for the structural analysis. As a form of validation of this method, the laminar flow over an elastically mounted cylinder is studied and compared with literature data. The chosen case for this work is a turbulent flow over a 3D blade element, fixed at one end and free at the other. The blade geometry is rectangular with the NACA 0012 profile and the turbulence model used is the k-ω SST. The results demonstrate the significant influence that the deformation of the structure has on the fluid-dynamic lift and drag forces, leading to an agreement with the existing literature.

This work extends a previously developed finite-volume overset-grid fluid flow solver to enable the characterisation of rigid-body-fluid interaction problems. To this end, several essential components have been developed and blended together. The inherent time-dependent nature of fluid-solid interaction problems is captured through the laminar transient incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for the fluid, and the Euler-Newton equations for rigid-body motion. First and second order accurate time discretisation schemes have been implemented for the former, whereas second and third order accurate time discretisation schemes have been made available for the latter. Without doubt the main advantage the overset-grid method offers regarding moving entities is the avoidance of the time consuming grid regeneration step, and the resulting grid distortion that can often cause numerical stability problems in the solution of the flow equations. Instead, body movement is achieved by the relative motion of a body fitted grid over a suitable background mesh. In this case, the governing equations of fluid flow are formulated using a Lagrangian, Eulerian, or hybrid flow description via the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method. This entails the need to guarantee that mesh motion shall not disturb the flow field. With this in mind, the space conservation law has been hard-coded. The compliance of the space conservation law has the added benefit of preventing spurious mass sources from appearing due to mesh deformation. In this work, two-way fluid-solid interaction problems are solved via a partitioned approach. Coupling is achieved by implementing a Picard iteration algorithm. This allows for flexible degree of coupling specificationby the user. Furthermore, if strong coupling is desired, three variants of interface under-relaxation can be chosen to mitigate stability issues and to accelerate convergence. These include fixed, or two variants of Aitken’s adaptive under-relaxation factors. The software also allows to solve for one-way fluid-solid interaction problems in which the motion of the solid is prescribed. Verification of the core individual components of the software is carried out through the powerful method of manufactured solutions (MMS). This purely mathematically based exercise provides a picture of the order of accuracy of the implementation, and serves as a filter for coding errors which can be virtually impossible to detect by other means. Three instances of one-way fluid-solid interaction cases are compared with simulation results either from the literature, or from the OpenFOAM package. These include: flow within a piston cylinder assembly, flow induced by two oscillating cylinders, and flow induced by two rectangular plates exhibiting general planar motion. Three cases pertaining to the class of two-way fluid-interaction problems are presented. The flow generated by the free fall of a cylinder under the action of gravity is computed with the aid of an intermediate ‘motion tracking’ grid. The solution is compared with the one obtained using a vorticity based particle solver for validation purposes. Transverse vortex induced vibrations (VIV) of a circular cylinder immersed in a fluid, and subject to a stream are compared with experimental data. Finally, the fluttering motion of a rectangular plate under different scenarios is analysed.