[Truncated abstract] The scientific endeavours described within this thesis attempt to create novel solutions to current scientific, commercial and industrial downfalls, and contribute to the advancement of technologies in these areas. This has been achieved through the application of theoretical and experimental principles, entrenched in the domains of chemistry and physics, which have been harnessed to assist in the transformation from nanoscience to nanotechnology. These solutions range from unique supramolecular systems capable of selective-diameter enrichment of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), to the fabrication of low-cost, potentially remote deployable carbon nanotube-based gas and vapour sensors, and expand right through to the development of water-soluble fluoroionophoric sensors and manipulations of a molecular form of carbon in constructing all-carbon nano-architectures. For the advancement and successful integration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into commercial processes, the advent of scalable separation protocols based on their electronic properties is required. SWCNTs have been successfully solubilised using water-soluble p-phosphonated calix[n]arenes (n = 4, 6, 8) and 'extended arm' upper rim functionalised (benzyl, phenyl) p-sulfonated calix[8]arenes. Selective SWCNT diameter solubilisation has been demonstrated and subsequent preferential enrichment of SWCNTs with semiconducting or metallic electronic properties has been achieved. In addition, semiconducting nanotube-enriched supernatants (liquid) have been utilised to fabricate on/off field effect transistors (FET). These water-soluble supramolecular systems can be incorporated into post-growth purification protocols, with direct implications in areas such as carbon nano-electronics and device fabrication. In the current global environment there is a heightened level of public and governmental disquiet due to the reality of impending terrorist attacks. This is compounded by the inherent ease of manufacture and effectiveness of specific chemical warfare agents (CWAs) used in small-scale terrorist operations. ... Additional all-carbon structures are described with the formation of rings of helical SWCNT bundles through post-growth SWCNT modifications, and a variety of fibrous all-carbon structures, most notably novel square-geometry carbon nano-fibres (CNFs), through catalytic-chemical vapour deposition (C-CVD) synthesis strategies. The current requirement for entirely water-soluble fluorescent sensors is routinely documented in the literature. The autofluorescence properties of p-phenyl-sulfonated calix[8]arene are characterised and this water-soluble cavitand is surveyed as a metal cation sensor candidate. This particular system was found to exhibit a change in fluorescence response when exposed to divalent metal cations, and interactions with [UO2]2+, Pb2+, Co2+, and Cu2+ ions are discussed in detail. The system is characterised through a variety of analytical techniques to yield sensor calibration data, degradation characteristics, pH sensitivity and suitability as a 'small molecule' drug-carrier.

Neste trabalho é apresentada a síntese e a caracterização de compostos do tipo 2-(2’- hidroxifenil)benzazóis derivados da 1,3,5-triazina, fluorescentes devido a um mecanismo de transferência protônica intramolecular no estado excitado (TPIEE). Foram preparados quatro novos corantes diclorotriazinil-(hidroxifenil)benzazólicos, que apresentam emissão de fluorescência na região azul-verde do espectro visível e deslocamentos de Stokes compatíveis com substâncias que sofrem o fenômeno da TPIEE. Estas substâncias foram caracterizadas por diversas técnicas espectroscópicas (IR, RMN e HR-MS), enquanto que as análises fotofísicas (absorção no ultravioleta-visível e emissão de fluorescência) foram realizadas em solução e no estado sólido. Os ensaios preliminares realizados indicam a possibilidade de emprego desses corantes como sondas fluorescentes de material celulósico. / The synthesis and characterization of new 2-(2’-hydroxyphenyl)benzazoles derivatives from 1,3,5-triazine, fluorescent due to an excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism, were presented in this work. The four new dichlorotriazinylbenzazole derivatives synthesized present fluorescence emission in the blue-green region of the spectra and Stokes shift compatible with ESIPT compounds. The characterization of the new fluorescent reactive dyes by means of spectroscopic (IR, RMN, UV-Vis and fluorescence) and spectrometric (HRMS) techniques, and the study of the possibilities to dye cellulose fibers were carried out. Fluorescent cellulose fibers were prepared using the dyes and a methodology used in the industry and show no color change when observed in the visible light (white cellulose) and a blue-green fluorescence when irradiated with UV light.

Neste trabalho é apresentada a síntese e a caracterização de compostos do tipo 2-(2’- hidroxifenil)benzazóis derivados da 1,3,5-triazina, fluorescentes devido a um mecanismo de transferência protônica intramolecular no estado excitado (TPIEE). Foram preparados quatro novos corantes diclorotriazinil-(hidroxifenil)benzazólicos, que apresentam emissão de fluorescência na região azul-verde do espectro visível e deslocamentos de Stokes compatíveis com substâncias que sofrem o fenômeno da TPIEE. Estas substâncias foram caracterizadas por diversas técnicas espectroscópicas (IR, RMN e HR-MS), enquanto que as análises fotofísicas (absorção no ultravioleta-visível e emissão de fluorescência) foram realizadas em solução e no estado sólido. Os ensaios preliminares realizados indicam a possibilidade de emprego desses corantes como sondas fluorescentes de material celulósico. / The synthesis and characterization of new 2-(2’-hydroxyphenyl)benzazoles derivatives from 1,3,5-triazine, fluorescent due to an excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism, were presented in this work. The four new dichlorotriazinylbenzazole derivatives synthesized present fluorescence emission in the blue-green region of the spectra and Stokes shift compatible with ESIPT compounds. The characterization of the new fluorescent reactive dyes by means of spectroscopic (IR, RMN, UV-Vis and fluorescence) and spectrometric (HRMS) techniques, and the study of the possibilities to dye cellulose fibers were carried out. Fluorescent cellulose fibers were prepared using the dyes and a methodology used in the industry and show no color change when observed in the visible light (white cellulose) and a blue-green fluorescence when irradiated with UV light.

Resumo: Algumas avaliações da capacidade de fecundação como a produção in vitro de embriões (PIV) e a coloração vital indicam que a sexagem de espermatozóides por centrifugação em gradiente de densidade pode causar diminuição nas taxas de desenvolvimento embrionário, entretanto, não são conclusivas quanto à avaliação da integridade das membranas espermáticas. Com o intuito de obter dados mais precisos em relação à viabilidade espermática pós-sexagem, foram descongeladas doses de sêmen de 6 touros diferentes, e avaliadas quanto aos danos espermáticos causados pela centrifugação em gradiente descontínuo de Percoll (com densidade variando de 1,111g/mL a 1,123g/mL). Antes e após a centrifugação dos espermatozóides, além das avaliações de concentração, motilidade e morfologia, o sêmen foi ainda avaliado quanto à integridade das membranas plasmáticas, acrossomal e mitocondrial pela associação das sondas fluorescentes: Iodeto de Propídio (PI), aglutinina de Pisum Sativum conjugado a Isotiocianato de flurosceína (FITC-PSA) e Iodeto de 5,5',6,6'-tetracloro- 1,1,3,3'-tetraetilbenzimidazolilcarbocianina (JC-1). Os resultados demonstraram que o processo de separação de espermatozóides X e Y por centrifugação em gradiente de densidade promoveu uma melhora nas características associadas à motilidade progressiva, além de uma significativa diminuição na incidência de defeitos maiores. Ainda nas amostras pós-centrifugação, foi observado um aumento no percentual de células com Membrana Plasmática Intacta e com Alto Potencial Mitocondrial. No entanto, o percentual de células com Membrana Acrossomal Intacta foi sensivelmente diminuída provavelmente devido ao fenômeno de reação acrossomal desencadeado pela centrifugação. / Abstract: Some fecundity evaluations as the in vitro embryo production (IVP) and the vital stains have indicating that the density gradients centrifugation techniques can reduce the embryo development rates. However they are not conclusive for the integrity of spermatic membranes. Wit the purpose of obtain more precise sperm viability data after the sexing procedure, frozen semen samples from six different bulls were thawed and assessed for spermatic damage caused by centrifugation in discontinuous Percoll gradient (with density varying from 1,111g/mL to 1,123g/mL). Before and after the separation of X-bearing bovine sperm, were evaluated the sperm concentration, motility and morphology. Moreover the semen samples were assessed for integrity of plasma, acrosome and mitochondrial membranes by fluorescent probes association: propidium iodide (PI), fluorescein isothiocyanate-Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA) and 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1). The results demonstrated that the X-bearing sperm separation process by density gradient centrifugation caused an increase in the progressive motility parameters and a decrease in the major defects incidence. In addition, it was observed an increase in the cells categories with Intact Plasma Membrane and High Mitochondrial Membrane potential in the post-centrifugation samples. Nevertheless, the percentage of cells with Intact Acrossome Membrane was reduced probably due to the acrosome reaction phenomenon induced by centrifugation. / Orientadora: Vera Fernanda Martins Hossepian de Lima / Coorientador: Rubens Paes de Arruda / Banca: Gisele Zoccal Mingoti / Banca: Eneiva Carla Carvalho Celeghini / Mestre

Abstract Heart muscle has to work constantly throughout the life and its energy metabolism is heavily dependent on a continuous supply of oxygen. Energy metabolism must be effectively regulated to meet the demands of changing workloads in different circumstances. If the oxygen supply is interrupted, the function of the heart is easily disturbed and cells injured. Calcium metabolism is of great importance in these pathological conditions. In this thesis respiratory regulation was studied by non-destructive optical methods in mouse heart. The myoglobin-deficient mouse was used as an experimental model to avoid the artefact caused by intracellular myoglobin. Results show that increased consumption of energy and oxygen lead to concomitant reduction of cytochrome aa3 and oxidation of flavoproteins. This finding supports the view that cell respiration in intact myocardium is dominantly regulated at the level of the respiratory chain. The intracellular Ca2+ accumulation during ischemia is one of the major causes of irreversible ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been shown to protect the heart muscle significantly from ischemic damage. In this thesis Ca2+ accumulation during ischemia and reperfusion was studied in perfused rat heart using Fura-2 as a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator. As there is a significant decrease in intracellular pH during prolonged ischemia, the pH-dependency of Fura-2 signal was taken into account. It was found that IPC attenuates Ca2+accumulation during ischemia and this was connected to a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Both IPC and the pharmacologically induced preconditioning with the mitoKATP opener diaxozide were shown to be associated with increased production of superoxide monitored by means of lucigenin chemiluminescence. The superoxide production correlated with the oxidation-reduction state of flavoproteins. We also describe here a method for measuring of intracellular free Ca2+ in mouse heart during ischemia by simultaneous monitoring of Fura-2 and the pH probe BCECF fluorescence by means of dual wavelength excitation of both probes. The paradoxical decrease of Fura-2 fluorescence during ischemia indicating decreasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration was due to the pH effect on the dissociation constant of the Fura-2-Ca2+ complex. When the pH-dependency of Fura-2 was compensated, an extensive Ca2+ accumulation during ischemia was detected. Much of the previous literature on this subject must be re-evaluated because the pH-dependency of intracellular Ca2+ probes has been largely overlooked.

Les récepteurs de l’ocytocine (OTR) et de la vasopressine (AVPR) sont connus pour être impliqués dans la modulation d’effets centraux complexes. Récemment l’OTR a été proposé comme une cible thérapeutique pour le traitement des troubles du spectre autistique (TSA).Afin de mieux comprendre le rôle de l’OTR et des AVPR dans les TSA, d’éclaircir des nouveaux traits de sa pharmacologie et d’établir des méthodes du criblage sur les récepteurs sauvages, nous avons développé des traceurs pour la tomographie par émission des positons ainsi que des sondes fluorescentes pour la famille OT/AVP des RCPG. Les ligands fluorescents ont été utilisés pour établir un test de liaison TR-FRET pour l’OTR et pour initier le développement du test alternatif sur les récepteurs sauvages. Les radiotraceurs TEP seront bientôt testés chez la souris et chez le singe pour évaluer leurs performances pour la détection des récepteurs de l’ocytocine centraux avant d’envisager des études chez l’Homme. / In order to better understand the role of OTR and AVPR in ASD, to reveal new features in its pharmacology and signaling and to establish high-throughput screening method on wild-type G protein-coupled receptors, we developed imaging probes for the oxytocin-vasopressin receptors family, namely radiotracers for positron emission tomography and optical probes for fluorescence detection and imaging. The fluorescent ligands have been used to establish TR-FRET binding assay for OTR and to initiate the development the screening assay for the wild-type oxytocin receptor. The PET radiotracers will be shortly tested in mice and monkeys to evaluate their potency in detecting the central oxytocin receptors.

[ES] La presente tesis doctoral titulada "Detección óptica de especies químicas de importancia ambiental y biológica utilizando sensores moleculares y materiales híbridos" se centra en el diseño, preparación, caracterización y evaluación de sensores químicos moleculares. El trabajo realizado se puede dividir en dos partes: (i) síntesis de sensores de cationes metálicos en disolución y (ii) síntesis y caracterización de nanopartículas híbridas orgánico-inorgánicas para el reconocimiento de especies químicas y biológicas. En el primer capítulo se introduce el marco en el que se engloban los fundamentos teóricos de la química supramolecular en que se basan los estudios prácticos realizados durante la presente tesis doctoral. A continuación, en el capítulo dos, se presentan los objetivos generales de la tesis. En el tercer capítulo se presenta un quimiodosímetro cromo-fluorogénico, capaz de detectar selectivamente cationes trivalentes entre cationes y aniones monovalentes y divalentes mediante una reacción de deshidratación en agua. En el cuarto capítulo se presenta una unidad (BODIPY) conectada electrónicamente con un macrociclo dithia-dioxa-aza. Las soluciones de acetonitrilo y agua-acetonitrilo 95: 5 v / v de la sonda mostraron una banda ICT en la zona visible y son casi no emisivas. Cuando se utilizó acetonitrilo como disolvente, la adición de Hg (II) y cationes metálicos trivalentes indujo un cambio hipsocrómico de la banda de absorción y mejoras moderadas de la emisión. Se obtuvo una respuesta altamente selectiva al utilizar medios competitivos como agua-acetonitrilo 95:5 v/v. En este caso, sólo el Hg (II) indujo un cambio hipsocrómico de la banda de absorción y una mejora marcada de la emisión. El quinto capítulo explora el desarrollo de sensores para berberina y amantadina. Dos moléculas de interés biológico por su uso como fármacos. Se han preparado tres sistemas de sensores basados en la aproximación de puertas moleculares. En concreto, sobre nanopartículas MCM-41 cargadas con rodamina B como unidad de señalización, se ha llevado a cabo la funcionalización con diversas aminas y el bloqueo de poros con cucurbituril CB7. Las aminas utilizadas son ii ciclohexilamina, bencilamina y amantadina. Los materiales obtenidos se han caracterizado por técnicas de difracción de rayos X y microscopía electrónica de transmisión confirmando la estructura mesoporosa de las nanopartículas. Los materiales preparados muestran una respuesta a la berberina y la adamantina, quitando el tapón y liberando el tinte fluorescente al medio. La respuesta de los materiales a las dos sustancias de interés (berberina y amantadina) depende de la estructura química de cada uno de los materiales en función de las constantes de afinidad entre el analito y CB7. Los resultados obtenidos abren el camino al uso de puertas moleculares como sensores de berberina y amantadina. / [CA] La present tesi doctoral titulada "Detecció òptica d'espècies químiques d'importància ambiental i biològica utilitzant sensors moleculars i materials híbrids" se centra en el disseny, preparació, caracterització i avaluació de sensors químics moleculars. El treball realitzat es pot dividir en dues parts: (i) síntesi de sensors de cations metàl·lics en dissolució i (ii) síntesi i caracterització de nanopartícules híbrides orgànic-inorgànics per al reconeixement d'espècies químiques i biològiques. En el primer capítol s'introdueix el marc en el qual s'engloben els fonaments teòrics de la química supramolecular en què es basen els estudis pràctics realitzats durant la present tesi doctoral. A continuació, en el capítol dos, es presenten els objectius generals de la tesi. En el tercer capítol es presenta un quimiodosímetro crom-fluorogénic, capaç de detectar selectivament cations trivalents entre cations i anions monovalents i divalents mitjançant una reacció de deshidratació en aigua. En el quart capítol es presenta una unitat (BODIPY) connectada electrònicament amb un macrocicle dithia-dioxa-aza. Les solucions de acetonitril i aigua-acetonitril 95:5 v/v de la sonda van mostrar una banda ICT a la zona visible i són gairebé no emisivas. Quan es va utilitzar acetonitril com a dissolvent, l'addició de Hg (II) i cations metàl·lics trivalents va induir un canvi hipsocròmic de la banda d'absorció i millores moderades de l'emissió. Es va obtenir una resposta altament selectiva a l'utilitzar mitjans competitius com aigua-acetonitril 95:5 v/v. En aquest cas, només el Hg (II) va induir un canvi hipsocròmic de la banda d'absorció i una millora marcada de l'emissió. El cinquè capítol explora el desenvolupament de sensors per berberina i amantadina. Dues molècules d'interès biològic pel seu ús com a fàrmacs. S'han preparat tres sistemes de sensors basats en l'aproximació de portes moleculars. En concret, sobre nanopartícules MCM-41 carregades amb rodamina B com a unitat de senyalització, s'ha dut a terme la funcionalització amb diverses amines i el bloqueig de porus amb cucurbituril CB7. Les amines utilitzades són ciclohexilamina, bencilamina i amantadina. Els materials obtinguts s'han caracteritzat per tècniques iv de difracció de raigs X i microscòpia electrònica de transmissió confirmant l'estructura mesoporosa de les nanopartícules. Els materials preparats mostren una resposta a la berberina i la adamantina, llevant el tap i alliberant el tint fluorescent a l'mig. La resposta dels materials a les dues substàncies d'interès (berberina i amantadina) depèn de l'estructura química de cada un dels materials en funció de les constants d'afinitat entre l'anàlit i CB7. Els resultats obtinguts obren el camí a l'ús de portes moleculars com a sensors de berberina i amantadina. / [EN] The present doctoral thesis entitled "Optical detection of chemical species of environmental and biological importance using molecular sensors and hybrid materials" focuses on the design, preparation, characterization and evaluation of molecular chemical sensors. The work carried out can be divided into two parts: (i) synthesis of metal cation sensors in solution and (ii) synthesis and characterization of hybrid organic-inorganic nanoparticles for the recognition of chemical and biological species. The first chapter introduces the framework that encompasses the theoretical foundations of supramolecular chemistry on which the practical studies carried out during this doctoral thesis are based. Next, in chapter two, the general objectives of the thesis are presented. In the third chapter, a chromium-fluorogenic chemodosimeter is presented, capable of selectively detecting trivalent cations by means of a dehydration reaction in water. The fourth chapter presents a new compound containing a BODIPY unit electronically connected with a dithia-dioxa-aza macrocycle. Acetonitrile and water-acetonitrile 95:5 v/v solutions of the probe showed an ICT band in the visible zone and were nearly non-emissive. When acetonitrile was used as a solvent, addition of Hg(II) and trivalent metal cations induced an hypsochromic shift of the absorption band and moderate emission enhancements. A highly selective response was obtained when using competitive media such as water- acetonitrile 95:5 v/v. In this case only Hg(II) induced a hypsochromic shift of the absorption band and a marked emission enhancement. The fifth chapter explores the development of sensors for berberine and amantadine; two molecules of biological interest due to their use as drugs. Three sensing systems based on a "molecular gate" approximation have been prepared. Specifically, MCM-41 nanoparticles were loaded with Rhodamine B as a signalling unit, functionalized with various amines and capped with cucurbituril CB7. The amines used are cyclohexylamine, benzylamine and amantadine., The materials obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques and transmission vi electron microscopy, confirming the mesoporous structure of the nanoparticles. The prepared materials showed a response to berberine and adamantine, which induced release of the fluorescent dye to the medium. The response of the materials to the two substances of interest (berberine and amantadine) depends on the chemical structure of the capping ensemble and it is a function of the affinity constants between the analyte and CB7. The results obtained open the way to the use of gated materials as berberine and amantadine probes. / We thank the Spanish Government (MAT2015-64139-C4-1-R) and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/047). M. L. P. thanks Generalitat Valenciana for her Grisolia fellowship. Thanks are also due to Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal) for financial support to the Portuguese NMR network (PTNMR, Bruker Avance III 400-Univ. Minho), FCT and FEDER (European Fund for Regional Development)-COMPETEQREN- EU for financial support to the research centre CQ/UM [PEst-C/ QUI/UI0686/2013 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-037302)], and a post- doctoral grant to R. M. F. Batista (SFRH/BPD/79333/2011). / Lo Presti, M. (2021). Optical detection of chemical species of environmental and biological relevance using molecular sensors and hybrid materials [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/172664 / TESIS

Aminoclay belongs to a large group of organic modified materials based on clays. These materials could find many potential practical applications and, in particular, may be used as a matrix with the ability of the organisation and stabilisation of incorporated substances. The utilisation of aminoclay in the field of medical applications seems highly prospective, but there is the need to visualise the clay system and the processes within it. This essay deals with the issue of aminoclay visualisation by means of fluorescent spectroscopy. Through fluorescent spectroscopy, aminoclay was discovered to be autofluorescent. The autofluorescence of aminoclay is not usable in practical applications because of the low fluorescence intensity. This is the reason for the research into other possibilities for modifications of the internal structure of aminoclay by europium ions. These ions in chelated form are able to be fluorescent and modifications of the external structure are possible by electrostatic implementation of fluorescent dyes. Characterisation of the prepared complexes was provided by spectrofluorimetry and fluorescent microscopy for the purpose of evaluation of the practical application of aminoclay.

Alzheimer’s Disease, also called AD, is a horrible, degenerative brain disease that more than 35 million people over the world have. Today, there is no cure for this disease, only treatments that are temporarily relieving the symptoms. The two proteins that is thought to be the main cause of AD is amyloid β (Aβ) and tau. Previously, people have tried studying Aβ in vivo using green fluorescent protein fusion together with Aβ. However, this is difficult since the aggregation of Aβ will lead to loss of fluorescence. This study aimed to crystallize the fusion protein mNG-A β1-42 and to investigate its properties as a molecular fluorescent Aβ-amyloid specific probe. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to confirm that the majority of the protein was not in the form of soluble aggregates. The DLS experiments were followed by several rounds of crystallization trials. Initial screening and the subsequent narrowing down of potential conditions where mNG-Aβ1-42 could form crystals. Several staining experiments were conducted as well, including staining brain tissue from mouse with both Swedish and Arctic mutation, from human patients with sporadic AD and from human patients with AD with the Arctic mutation. The DLS experiments showed that the protein used in the crystallization experiments mostly consisted of molecular particles of the same radius. However, there was clear evidence of some larger species present that could have been a potential problem for crystallization. Crystallization experiments suggested that PEG 8000 was the most promising precipitant amongst other conditions identified for crystallization of mNG-Aβ1-42. However, the study was ultimately unsuccessful in developing crystals of sufficient high quality for diffraction studies to commence. The staining experiments demonstrated that mNG-Aβ1-42 could bind both by itself and with another amyloid probe, Congo red, and with antibodies in brain tissue from mouse with both Swedish and Arctic mutation, from human patients with sporadic AD and from human patients with AD with the Arctic mutation. In conclusion, several characteristics of mNG-Aβ1-42 were revealed in this study.

A utilização de sondas fluorescentes para marcação ou detecção de biomoléculas de interesse em processos biológicos distintos, vem recebendo grande atenção em pesquisas biomédicas, de análises clínicas e biologia celular. Em geral, estas sondas fluorescentes são constituídas por moléculas orgânicas pequenas, as quais apresentam características fluorescentes e capacidade de conjugar-se com estas biomoléculas. Desta forma, esta dissertação descreve inicialmente a síntese de compostos 2-aril ou 2,5- diarilfuranos e tiofenos (3, 5, 7 e 9a-i), a partir de espécies orgânicas de telúrio (1, 4, 6 e 8) e sais de ariltrifluoroboratos de potássio (2a-i), via reação de acoplamento cruzado tipo Suzuki-Miyaura, sob catálise de paládio [ver a figura no arquivo original]. Em seguida, descreve a síntese de um derivado 2,5-diarilfurano assimétrico, o 2-(3-aminofenil)-5-(4-metoxifenil)furano 11, o qual apresenta propriedades químicas e luminescentes adequadas para atuar como uma nova e promissora sonda fluorescente em processos de marcação ou detecção biológica. A síntese desta nova sonda, também chamada de 3-AFA (3-AnililFuranoAnisol), foi realizada a partir da reação de acoplamento cruzado tipo Suzuki-Miyaura, sob catálise de paládio, entre o ácido (3-aminofenil) borônico 5e e o 2- (butiltelanil)-5-(4-metoxifenil)furano 10 em 65 % de rendimento. Esta nova sonda 3-AFA 11 foi conjugada com uma série de L-aminoácidos 12a-l, a partir de uma reação de acoplamento peptídico para formação dos respectivos produtos 13a-l em rendimentos satisfatórios. Estes produtos conjugados 13a-l, apresentam potencial para marcação fluorescente de enzimas proteolíticas de interesse [ver a figura no arquivo original]. Adicionalmente, foram caracterizadas propriedades fotofísicas importantes desta nova sonda 3-AFA 11, entre as quais seus espectros eletrônicos de absorção e emissão de fluorescência, que obtiveram valores de λex a 320 nm e λem a 400 nm, respectivamente. Por fim, foi testado o potencial de acúmulo intracelular da sonda 3-AFA 11 em sistemas celulares tais como: eritrócitos infectados com Plasmodium chabaudi e amastigotas de Leishmania L. amazonensis, sendo possível observar em todos os casos a marcação fluorescente dos respectivos parasitas. / The use of fluorescent probes for labeling or detection of biomolecules of interest in different biological processes, has received much attention in biomedical, clinical testing and cell biology research. In general, these fluorescent probes are composed of small organic molecules, which have fluorescent features and ability to combine with these biomolecules. Thus, this work initially describes the synthesis of 2-aryl or 2,5-diarylfurans and thiophenes (3, 5, 7 and 9a-i) from organic species of tellurium (1, 4, 6 and 8) and potassium organotrifluoroborate salts (2a-i) by palladium catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura crosscoupling reaction [see the figure in the original file]. After describe the synthesis of a unsymmetrical 2,5-diarylfuran derivative, the 2-(3-aminophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)furan 11, which presents chemical and luminescent properties appropriate to act as a promising new fluorescent probes in processes of marking or biological detection. The synthesis of this new probe, also called 3-AFA (3-AnilylFuranAnisole), was performed from palladium catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, between (3- aminophenyl) boronic acid 5e and 2-(butyltellanyl)-5-(4-metoxyphenyl)furan 10 in 65 % yields. This new probe 3-AFA 11 was combined with a series of Lamino acids 12a-l from a peptidic coupling reaction to obtain their products 13a-l in satisfactory yield. These combined products 13a-l show a potential for fluorescent marking of proteolitic enzymes [see the figure in the original file]. Additionally, important photo physical properties of this new probe 3-AFA 11 were characterized. These include their electronic spectra of absorption and fluorescence emission, who obtained values of λex to 320 nm and λem to 400 nm, respectively. Finally, we tested the potential of probe 3-AFA 11 for intracellular accumulation in cellular systems such as: erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium chabaudi and amastigotes of Leishmania L. amazonensis, in all cases the fluorescent uptake cellular of their parasites can be observed.