This master's thesis describes the development of switching power supply with planar transformer. Deals with selection of a suitable integrated circuit together with the topology, a purchase of prototype for the reference measurements and debugging its own power supply. Further design and implementation of planar transformer and in the final implementation, debugging, and measurment's its own prototype. Power supply was fully functional and reached the expected parameters.

The main target of this thesis is to design and realize a prototype of a high capacity battery charger. The charger has been designed as a switching power supply based on a Flyback convertor with two transistors. As switching transistors the integrated circuit IR2110 has been selected. The convertor is controlled by a microcontroller board based on ATMega328 called Arduino Uno; some parts of the Arduino Uno Starter Kit are also used as LCD display, relay and button. In addition, an auxiliary source has been made; this one powers the integration circuit IR2110 and Arduino Uno board. Furthermore, this work introduces us to the processes of charging lithium batteries, types of lithium batteries and methods of charging the lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery.

The goal of this thesis is to design flyback converter with given parameters complying with standards for electromagnetic compatibility. This thesis describes detailed design of the flyback converter. It summarizes the recommendations for PCB design. Knowledge from number of comparative measurements of the impact of component selection on conducted emission signature was applied during the flyback converter design. Big part of the thesis is aimed on conducted emission measurement and separation of common mode and differential mode emissions. The simple and fast Time domain measurement of conducted emission is described. Final measurement of designed converter was performed at the end of the thesis.

Self-oscillating flyback converters are popular circuits due to their simplicity, robustness and low cost of components. They are generally used as low power devices. Mobile phone charger is good example of application. Realization of 600 W self-oscillating flyback converter is main goal of this thesis.

Práce se zabývá popisem jednotlivých typů zdrojů s důrazem na izolované topologie. Poté je rozebírána nejvhodnější volba pro zdroj na anodické bondování, kde jsou kladeny požadavky na vysoké výstupní napětí s malým proudem. Další část rozebírá problematická místa návrhu a na co je třeba dávat pozor. Poté je proveden vlastní návrh zdroje s popisem optimalizačních kroků. Tento zdroj je odsimulován. Dva rozdílné přístupy k realizaci takového zdroje jsou poté porovnány a nejlepší je vybrán. Je ukázána možnost, jak realizovat bipolární výstup. V poslední části je tento zroj sestaven a proměřeny jeho parametry.

The goal of this thesis is to design and fabricate a DC-to-DC converter for use in high-voltage capacitor charging applications. The primary objectives include increasing the efficiency and reducing the cost of traditional methods used for this application. Traditional methods were not designed specifically for high-voltage capacitor charging and were thus very primitive and exhibited lower efficiency. Prior methods made use of a high voltage power supply and a current limiting resistor or control scheme. The power supply would often only operate efficiently at a single voltage value and would thus function poorly over a range used in charging a capacitor. The resistor would also dissipate a fair amount of power, also limiting efficiency. This design makes use of a traditional flyback topology utilizing a controller developed specifically for this application, centering the design approach on the LT3750. Hence, taking full advantage of the efficiency improving control scheme it provides. Additionally, through the use of advanced techniques to eliminate noise and power losses, the efficiency may be significantly improved. A detailed theoretical analysis of the charger is also presented. The analysis will then be applied to optimization techniques to select ideal component values to meet specific design specifications. In this research, a specifically designed and developed prototype will be used to experimentally verify the theoretical work and optimization techniques.

The DC House project strongly relies on renewable energy sources to provide power to the house for various loads. However, when these sources are unable to provide power at a certain time, a back-up energy source from a battery must be readily available to fulfill the house’s power needs. This thesis proposes a bi-directional flyback power converter to allow a single-stage power path to charge the battery from and to discharge the battery to the DC House 48 V system bus. The design, simulation, and hardware prototype of the proposed flyback bi-directional converter will be conducted to demonstrate its feasibility. Results from a 35W prototype demonstrate the operation of the proposed converter for both charging and discharging purposes.

This thesis entails the design and implementation of a multiple input single output (MISO) DC-DC converter using the flyback topology to charge tablets/ smartphones or any USB powered portable device. The MISO converter will enable the use of various renewable energy sources such as a solar panel/ rechargeable battery combination, bicycle dynamo, hydroelectric power, and wind turbine. This paper will cover the design, simulations, and test results of the MISO converter. The flyback topology was chosen due to its low part count and its efficiency at low power. The proposed converter has a nominal 12V input to output USB 2.0 requirements (5V at 2.5W). Results from both computer simulation using LTSpice and hardware tests demonstrate the functionality of the proposed MISO converter with solar/battery and bicycle dynamo inputs. Overall performance of the converter in terms of efficiency, line and load regulations, as well as its charging ability to a cell phone will be presented in this report.

Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η μελέτη των βασικών τμημάτων που απαρτίζουν ένα ηλεκτρικό όχημα, με άμεσο στόχο τη μέγιστη δυνατή εξοικονόμηση ενέργειας. Προς την κατεύθυνση αυτή μελετάται αρχικά η βαθμίδα φόρτισης των συσσωρευτών. Παρουσιάζονται οι προδιαγραφές και προτείνεται ως βέλτιστη τοπολογία αυτή του Flyback η οποία αντιμετωπίζει λειτουργικές δυσκολίες. Έτσι προτείνεται μια ειδική μεθοδολογία σχεδιασμού βασιζόμενη στην επιλογή του λόγου του Μ/Τ. Επίσης προτείνεται ένα νέο κύκλωμα καταστολής των υπερτάσεων λόγω σκέδασης. Η αποτελεσματική λειτουργία επιβεβαιώνεται μέσω εξομοιώσεων και πειραματικών δοκιμών. Στο δεύτερο μέρος παρουσιάζεται ένα νέο κύκλωμα τροφοδοσίας. Πρόκειται για μετατροπέα μονής βαθμίδας με ένα τρανζίστορ κα αποτελεσματική καταστολή υπερτάσεων. Παράλληλα πραγματοποιεί βελτίωση του συντελεστή ισχύος του κυκλώματος. Στο τρίτο μέρος μελετάται το κινητήριο σύστημα και προτείνεται μια μέθοδος ελέγχου της μαγνητικής ροής και του λόγου μετάδοσης του κιβωτίου ταχυτήτων ώστε να επιτυγχάνεται η ελάχιστη δυνατή ενεργειακή κατανάλωση του οχήματος. Τα αποτελέσματα εξομοίωσης επιβεβαιώνουν την αποτελεσματικότητα της προτεινόμενης μεθόδου. / Basic aim of the present work is the analytical study of the basic part of an EV, in order to be obtained a good energy saving. For this purpose the charging unit of an EV is studied. The specifications which must fulfill this device are exhibited and the Flyback topology is suggested as the optimal. However it appears some important problems. For this purpose, a new strategy of design based on the transformer.

This master thesis presents the development of an auxiliary power supply to provide energy to sensors, gate drivers, instrumentation circuits and control of a three-stage Solid State Transformer (SST). These devices require an insulated power supply of ±15V and 5V. For reason of reliability and modularity, a distributed auxiliary source is proposed. Thus, it is necessary a power supply to provide energy to the low voltage (LV) side and another to the medium voltage (MV) side. With this proposal, the auxiliary power supply does not need to have the same galvanic insulation of the SST, 25kV. However, a local power supply must operate at high voltage levels and, consequently, contain a high step-down voltage gain. Relative to LV side, the most generally used topologies as an auxiliary power supply are discussed. However, these topologies cannot be used at the MV converters, due to the high voltage stress levels involved. A study of topologies used on medium and high voltage and which enable to reach a high step-down voltage gain is realized, and two interesting topologies for this application were found. One of them uses a Flying capacitor converter connected in cascade with a Double-Ended Flyback converter. The Flying capacitor converter lowers the DC bus voltage in a controlled manner to low voltage levels. So the Double-ended Flyback converter operates in LV and provides the insulated outputs to command circuits of SST. The other topology is a unidirectional four-level NPC converter operating as Double-ended Flyback converter. For this case, a modulation strategy that allows the converter to reach a high step-down voltage gain was also proposed. These topologies were evaluated and the one which showed the best result was the four-level Double-ended Flyback converter. This converter was implemented and the experimental results prove to be effective. For the LV side, a Half-bridge LLC resonant converter as auxiliary power supply was used. This converter operates in ZVS and performs the output voltage regulation through the operating frequency variation. The experimental results of this converter are also presented. / Este trabalho de mestrado apresenta o desenvolvimento de fontes auxiliares para alimentar sensores, circuitos de comando, instrumentação e o controle de um Transformador de Estado Sólido (SST) de três estágios. Estes dispositivos necessitam de alimentação isolada com tensões de ±15V e 5V e por questões de confiabilidade e modularidade, propõe-se a utilização de fontes auxiliares distribuídas. Assim, emprega-se uma fonte auxiliar para alimentar o lado de média tensão (MT) e outra para alimentar o lado de baixa tensão (BT). Com essa proposta, as fontes auxiliares não necessitam ter a mesma isolação galvânica do SST, 25kV. Entretanto, uma das fontes locais deve operar em níveis de tensão elevados e, por consequência, apresentar baixo ganho estático. No lado de BT, as principais topologias normalmente utilizadas como fonte auxiliar são discutidas. No entanto, devido aos altos níveis de tensão envolvidos, estas topologias não podem ser aplicadas ao conversor que opera em MT. Um estudo sobre topologias aplicadas a média tensão e que possibilitam alcançar um baixo ganho estático é realizado, sendo que duas topologias se mostram interessantes para esta aplicação. Uma consiste na utilização de um conversor de capacitores flutuantes conectado em cascata com um conversor Double-Ended Flyback. O conversor de capacitores flutuantes rebaixa a tensão do barramento CC, de forma controlada, para baixa tensão. Assim o Double-Ended Flyback opera em BT e fornece as saídas isoladas para alimentar os circuitos de comando do SST. A outra topologia trata-se de um conversor NPC de quatro níveis unidirecional operando como conversor Double-Ended Flyback. Para este caso, também foi proposta uma estratégia de modulação que permite o conversor alcançar o baixo ganho estático. Essas topologias foram avaliadas, apresentando melhor resultado a esta aplicação o conversor Double-ended Flyback de quatro níveis, conforme será demonstrado neste trabalho. Esse conversor foi implementado e os resultados experimentais comprovam o seu funcionamento. Para a fonte do lado de BT utilizou-se um conversor Half-Bridge LLC ressonante que opera em ZVS e realiza a regulação da tensão de saída pela variação da frequência de operação. Os resultados experimentais deste conversor também são apresentados.