Motivated by the recent commercialization of gallium-nitride (GaN) switches, an effort was initiated to determine whether it was feasible to switch the flyback converter at 5 MHz in order to improve the power density of this versatile isolated topology. Soft switching techniques have to be utilized to eliminate the switching loss to maintain high efficiency at multi-megahertz. Compared to the traditional modeling of zero-voltage-switching quasi-square-wave converters, a numerical methodology of parameters design is proposed based on the steady-state model of zero-voltage switching quasi-square-wave flyback converter. The magnetizing inductance is selected to guarantee zero-voltage switching for the entire input and load range with the trade-off design for conduction loss and turn-off loss. A design methodology is introduced to select a minimum core volume for an inductor or coupled inductors experiencing appreciable core loss. The geometric constant Kgac = MLT/(Ac2WA) is shown to be a power function of the core volume Ve, where Ac is the effective core area, WA is the area of the winding window, and MLT is the mean length per turn for commercial toroidal, ER, and PQ cores, permitting the total loss to be expressed as a direct function of the core volume. The inductor is designed to meet specific loss or thermal constraints. An iterative procedure is described in which two- or three-dimensional proximity effects are first neglected and then subsequently incorporated via finite-element simulation. Interleaved and non-interleaved planar PCB winding structures were also evaluated to minimize leakage inductance, self-capacitance and winding loss. The analysis on the trade-off between magnetic size, frequency, loss and temperature indicated the potential for a higher density flyback converter. A small-signal equivalent circuit of QSW converter was proposed to design the control loop and to understand the small-signal behavior. By adding a simple damping resistor on the traditional small-signal CCM model, it can predict the pole splitting phenomenon observed in QSW converter. With the analytical expressions of the transfer functions of QSW converters, the impact of key parameters including magnetizing inductance, dead time, input voltage and output power on the small-signal behavior can be analyzed. The closed-loop bandwidth can be pushed much higher with this modified model, and the transient performance is significantly improved. With the traditional fix dead-time control, a large amount of loss during dead time occurred, especially for the eGaN FETs with high reverse voltage drop. An adaptive dead time control scheme was implemented with simple combinational logic circuitries to adjust the turn on time of the power switches. A variable deadtime control was proposed to further improve the performance of adaptive dead-time control with simplified sensing circuit, and the extra conduction loss caused by propagation delay in adaptive dead-time control can be minimized at multi-megahertz frequency. / Ph. D.

The emergence of wide-bandgap-based (WBG) devices, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), have unveiled unprecedented opportunities, enabling the realization of superior power conversion systems. Among the potential areas of advancement are medium-voltage (MV) and high-voltage (HV) applications, due to the growing demand for high-power-density and high-efficiency power electronics converters. These advancements have propelled a wide adoption of electric vehicles (EV), which in the future will require great improvements in the charging time of these vehicles. Thereby, this thesis attempts to address such a challenge and bring about technological improvements, enabling faster, more efficient, and more effective ways of charging an electric vehicle through the application of MV 3.3 kV SiC MOSFETs. The current fast-charging solution involves heavy and bulky MV-LV transformers, which add installation complexity for EV charging stations. However, this thesis presents an alternative power-delivery solution utilizing an MV dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter. The proposed architecture is designed to directly interface with the MV grid for high-power, fast-charging capabilities while eliminating the need for an installation of the MV-LV transformer. The MV DAB converter utilizes 3.3 kV SiC MOSFETs to realize the next 800 V EV charging system, along with an extended zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) scheme, in order to provide an efficient charging strategy across a wide range of battery voltage levels. Lastly, a detailed design comparison analysis of an MV Flyback converter, targeted for the auxiliary power supply for the proposed MV EV charging architecture, is presented. / The field of power electronics, which controls and manages the conversion of electrical energy, is an important topic of discussion, as new technologies like electric vehicles (EV) are quickly emerging and disrupting the current status-quo of vehicle-choice. In order to promote timely and extensive adoption of such an enabling EV technology, it is critical to understand the current challenges involving EV charging stations and seek out opportunities to engender future innovations. Indeed, wide-bandgap (WBG) devices, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), have unveiled unprecedented opportunities in enabling the realization of superior power conversion systems. Thus, utilizing these WGB devices in EV charging applications can bring about improved design and development of EV fast chargers that are faster-charging, more efficient, and more effective. Hence, this thesis presents an opportunity in EV charging station applications with the utilization of medium-voltage SiC MOSFETs. Because the current fast-charging solution involves a heavy and bulky transformer, it adds installation complexity for EV charging stations. However, this thesis presents an alternative power-delivery solution that could potentially provide an efficient and fast-charging mechanism of EVs while reducing the size of EV chargers. All things considered, this thesis provides in-depth evaluation-studies of medium-voltage 3.3 kV SiC MOSFET-based power converters, targeted for future fast EV charging applications. The development and design of the hardware prototype is presented in this thesis, along with testing and verification of experimental results.

Les progrès réalisés durant ces dernières années dans le domaine de la microélectronique et notamment vis-à-vis de l'augmentation exponentielle de la densité d'intégration des composants et des systèmes a participé activement à l'apparition et au développement de systèmes portables communicants de plus en plus performants et polyvalents. La R&D dans les technologies de stockage d'énergie n'a pas suivi cette tendance d'évolution très rapide ; ce qui constitue un handicap majeur dans les évolutions futures des systèmes portables. La transmission d'énergie sans fils sur des distances considérables (plusieurs dizaines de mètres) grâce aux microondes constitue une solution très prometteuse pour pallier aux problèmes d'autonomie dans le cas des systèmes sans fils communicants. De plus, du fait de l'omniprésence des ondes électromagnétiques dans notre environnement avec des niveaux plus ou moins importants, la récupération et l'exploitation de cette énergie libre est également possible. La rectenna (Rectifying Antenna) est le dispositif permettant de capter et de convertir une onde électromagnétique en une tension continue. Plusieurs travaux de thèse axés sur l'étude et l'optimisation de la rectenna ont été réalisés au sein du laboratoire. Ces travaux avaient montré que pour des faibles niveaux de champs les tensions délivrées par la rectenna sont généralement très faibles et inexploitables. Aussi, comme la majorité des micro-sources d'énergie et à cause de son impédance interne, les performances de la rectenna dépendent fortement de sa charge de sortie. Ainsi, le développement d'un système d'interfaçage de la rectenna est nécessaire afin de pallier ces manquements inhérents du convertisseur RF/DC. Ce genre de système d'interfaçage est généralement absent dans la littérature à cause des faibles niveaux de puissance exploités. Par conséquent, la rectenna est très souvent utilisée tel quelle ; ce qui limite fortement le champ applicatif. Dans ce projet de recherche, un système de gestion énergétique de la rectenna complètement autonome a été conçu, développé et optimisé afin de garantir les performances optimales de la rectenna quelques soient les fluctuations de la puissance d'entrée et celles de la charge de sortie. Le circuit d'interfaçage permet également de fournir à la charge des niveaux de tension utilisables. Le système réalisé est basé tout d'abord sur l'utilisation d'un convertisseur DC/DC résonant pouvant fonctionner d'une manière complètement autonome à partir de niveaux très bas de la tension et de la puissance de la source. Ce convertisseur permet donc de garantir l'autonomie du système en éliminant la nécessité d'une source d'énergie auxiliaire. A cause de ses faibles performances énergétiques, ce convertisseur ne sera utilisé que durant la phase de démarrage. L'efficacité du système en termes de rendement énergétique et d'adaptation d'impédance est garantie grâce à l'utilisation d'un convertisseur Flyback fonctionnant dans son régime de conduction discontinu. Ainsi, une adaptation d'impédance très efficace est réalisée entre la rectenna et la charge de sortie. Ce convertisseur principal fonctionnera durant le régime permanent. Les deux convertisseurs ont été optimisés pour des niveaux de tension et de puissance aussi bas que quelques centaines de mV et quelques μW respectivement. Des mesures expérimentales réalisées sur plusieurs prototypes ont démontré le bon fonctionnement et les excellentes performances prédites par la procédure de conception ; ce qui nous permet de valider notre approche. De plus, les performances obtenues se distinguent parfaitement vis-à-vis de l'état de l'art. Enfin, en fonction de l'application désirée, plusieurs synoptiques d'association des deux structures sont proposés. Ceci inclut également la gestion énergétique de la charge de sortie.

This thesis focuses on optimization and increasing the efficiency of high-power DC/DC switching converters with transformer (switching power supplies). The work focuses mainly on using converters with flyback topology for high power, even though it is a common belief that this type of converter is not suitable for high power. This topology was selected because of potentially better achievable parameters, especially the efficiency, in comparison to a commonly used forward converter – in a flyback converter, losses are produced only in one magnetic component (transformer) in contrast to two components (transformer and inductor) in the forward converter. Compared to resonant and quasi-resonant converters, the flyback converter is easily controllable in the whole output voltage and current range. To make the flyback converter favorable for a high-power use, some innovative circuit modifications were made and modern semiconductor and passive components were used. Theoretical part of the work deals with efficiency optimization of the flyback converter, based on analytical solution. Operating parameters of the converter – switching frequency and parameters of the transformer (flux density and numbers of turns) are commonly only guessed or chosen from experience. The objective of this part is a mathematically exact determination of these parameters to achieve lowest total losses of the converter for given input parameters. In a certain case, it was possible to obtain the final solution analytically, in other cases the final solution step had to be done with a help of software. A prototype of a 12-kW switching power supply with a flyback converter was constructed to validate the proposed solutions and methods. The power supply fits into a space of only 33x33x16 cm. Modern semiconductors based on the silicon-carbide (SiC) technology (MOS-FET transistors and diodes) were used. After bringing the converter to a full-power operation, an efficiency of 96.8 % of the DC/DC converter was measured. High efficiency was obtained for a wide range of output parameters. A certain comparison with a forward converter with the same output parameters is done in the work. Not only from an efficiency point of view, the flyback converter seems very perspective.

This diploma thesis deals with design of DC/DC converter which will be used in one-phase inverter powered from batteries. Required parameters are output power of 100 W, input voltage of 24 V and output voltage of 350 V. In the first part is briefly discussed used topology of flyback converter. In the next part is designed impulse transformer with a request to design impulse transformer as small as possible. Thesis continues with draft of power components placed on primary and secondary side of converter. In this thesis is part about limitation of voltage overshoot at turn off transistor. Next part of this thesis deals with the design of control circuits using an integrated circuit from the UC384x family. Thesis continues with the production and debugging of the converter. At the end of this thesis are measurements confirming the correctness of the proposed design.

The aim of this thesis is design of adjustable switched mode power supply with symmetrical output of 25 V, and switched mode power supply with fixed output voltage of 5 V. Required maximum output current of each outputs is 3 A. At the beginning of the paper function of the basic SMPS topologies is described. Next all reqiured SMPSs are designed and chosen parts of the design are simulated. In the second half of the thesis assembly and testing of PCB are described as well as functions of programs. Last chapter contains results of meassurement of power supply paramters.

The project describes the design of controlled inverters or power generator simulating one phase of European or American distribution network. The generator is able to enter into an output signal of a certain fault conditions designed to testing the electromagnetic compatibility of connected devices. The text is divided into three main chapters. The first one deals with the design of the power generating low-frequency signal. The second part describes the power source used for this generator. In the third section describes the program management unit. End of text summarizes the results. The annex contains a schematic designs and printed circuit boards.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται τη μελέτη, την ανάλυση καθώς και την κατασκευή μιας νέας τοπολογίας για τη διασύνδεση φωτοβολταϊκών (Φ/Β) γεννητριών, μικρής ισχύος, με το ηλεκτρικό δίκτυο των αστικών περιοχών. Η εργασία αυτή εκπονήθηκε στο Εργαστήριο Ηλεκτρομηχανικής Μετατροπής Ενέργειας του Τμήματος Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών και Τεχνολογίας Υπολογιστών της Πολυτεχνικής Σχολής του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Στόχος της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η συμβολή της στον τομέα των Φ/Β μονάδων διεσπαρμένης παραγωγής, με την κατασκευή μιας ηλεκτρονικής διάταξης, η οποία θα χρησιμοποιηθεί για τη διασύνδεση φωτοβολταϊκών (Φ/B) γεννητριών μικρής ισχύος, στο ηλεκτρικό δίκτυο χαμηλής τάσης. Συγκεκριμένα, διερευνάται και κατασκευάζεται ένας υψίσυχνος αντιστροφέας ρεύματος τοπολογίας Flyback, ο οποίος θα είναι κατάλληλος για εφαρμογές «Φωτοβολταϊκών Πλαισίων Εναλλασσόμενου Ρεύματος» (AC-PV Modules), δηλαδή Φ/Β διατάξεων, ηλεκτρικής ισχύος έως 300W, στις οποίες ενσωματώνεται ένας ηλεκτρονικός μετατροπέας συνεχούς τάσης σε μονοφασική εναλλασσόμενη (Micro-inverter). Ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά του αντιστροφέα που κατασκευάστηκε είναι ο μικρός βαθμός πολυπλοκότητας του κυκλώματος ισχύος με άμεση συνέπεια την υψηλή αξιοπιστία του, η γαλβανική απομόνωση που παρέχει ανάμεσα στη Φ/Β γεννήτρια και το ηλεκτρικό δίκτυο εναλλασσόμενου ρεύματος (Ε.Ρ.), η ικανότητα σημαντικής ανύψωσης της τάσης εισόδου του, ο υψηλός συντελεστής ισχύος, καθώς και ο υψηλός βαθμός απόδοσης (ο οποίος αγγίζει το 94,25%) για ένα ευρύ φάσμα λειτουργίας του. Ο μικρός όγκος και το μικρό βάρος (σε περίπτωση βιομηχανοποίησης), είναι επιπρόσθετα χαρακτηριστικά της συγκεκριμένης τοπολογίας. Αρχικά, αναλύεται διεξοδικά η λειτουργία του αντιστροφέα ρεύματος τοπολογίας Flyback, η οποία έχει αναπτυχθεί στη Διδακτορική Διατριβή του Αναστάσιου Χ. Κυρίτση, «Βέλτιστος Σχεδιασμός Υψίσυχνου Μονοφασικού Αντιστροφέα για τη Διασύνδεση Φωτοβολταϊκών Συστημάτων Μικρής Ισχύος με το Δίκτυο Χαμηλής Τάσης». Ταυτόχρονα, διερευνώνται δύο διαφορετικές τεχνικές ελέγχου, οι οποίες οδηγούν σε διαφορετικές καταστάσεις λειτουργίας (λειτουργία σε ασυνεχή αγωγή, DCM - λειτουργία στο όριο μεταξύ συνεχούς και ασυνεχούς αγωγής, BCM) και εξασφαλίζουν τη δημιουργία εναλλασσόμενου ημιτονοειδούς ρεύματος συμφασικού με την τάση του ηλεκτρικού δικτύου. Αναπτύσσονται τα κυκλώματα ελέγχου του αντιστροφέα, ενώ παρουσιάζεται ένας αποτελεσματικός τρόπος μέτρησης του υψίσυχνου διακοπτικού ρεύματος που διαρρέει τα τυλίγματα του μετασχηματιστή του αντιστροφέα. Τέλος, πραγματοποιείται η κατασκευή της διάταξης στο εργαστήριο, με σκοπό τη διεξαγωγή πειραματικών μετρήσεων για την επιβεβαίωση και αξιολόγηση της θεωρητικής ανάλυσης. / This degree thesis deals with the study, the analysis and the manufacture of a new topology that will be used for the interconnection of small photovoltaic (PV) generators with the electric network of urban regions. This work was conducted in the Laboratory of Electromechanical Energy Conversion, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Patras. The goal of the present thesis is to contribute in the sector of Dispersed Power Generation PV systems, with the development of an electronic device that will be used for the interconnection of small photovoltaic (PV) generators with the low voltage electric network. Specifically, a high frequency current source Flyback inverter is investigated and manufactured, that will be suitable for “Alternative Current Photovoltaic Modules” (AC-PV Modules) applications. An AC-PV Module is the combination of a single PV module (whose power production varies under 300W) and a single-phase power electronic micro-inverter in a single electrical device. Special characteristics of the inverter are the simple power electronic circuit structure, having high reliability as an immediate consequence, the electrical isolation provided between the PV generator and the electric network, the high power factor and the high efficiency (reaching 94.25%) for a wide range of its power. Moreover, small volume and weight are particular characteristics, attributes very important considering its applications (incorporation in PV generators that will be placed in aspects or roofs of buildings). For this topology - whose theory is in the Ph.D. thesis of A. Ch. Kyritsis “Optimum Design of a High Frequency Singe - Phase Inverter for the Interconnection of Small Power PV Systems with the Low Voltage Network” developed - two different control techniques were investigated, leading to different operation modes (Discontinuous Conduction Mode - DCM, Boundary between Continuous and Discontinuous Mode - BCM) and ensuring alternative sinusoidal current, in phase with the electric network voltage. Simultaneously, their suitability is studied for different power levels. Moreover, the control circuits of the inverter were developed and an effective way of measuring the high - frequency switching currents of the inverter’s transformer is presented. Last but not least, the design of the whole system is completed in the laboratory, in order to carry out the experimental measurements required, to confirm and evaluate the studied theory.

The objective of this master's thesis is new power converter design for bicycle with combustion engine and electric power transmission. The power converter is control by microprocessor and control algorithm is designed to achieve maximum efficiently of combustion engine. Converter and servomotor for controlling combustion engine throttle are located in metal box. Hardware, firmware and metal box are designed in the thesis.

This thesis deals with design of a DC/DC converter for powering the oscilloscope. The main parameters for selecting a suitable inverter are: galvanic isolation of input and output parts of the inverter and low parasitic capacitance of galvanic isolation. The required power of the inverter is 100 W and the output voltage is 325 V. The introduction briefly explains why the DC/DC converter with transformer will be used. The first part of the work deals with the selection of a suitable types of DC/DC converter with transformer for powering the oscilloscope. The next part is devoted to designing of the power parts of resonant converter and single acting flyback converter. This is followed by a complete design of a single-acting flyback converter, including the realization and measurement of the time courses of important quantities.