This thesis implements and evaluates static scheduling for aggregated FMUs. An aggregate FMU is several coupled FMUs placed in a single FMU. The implementation creates task graphs from the internal dependencies and connections between the coupled FMUs. These task graphs are then scheduled using two different list scheduling heuristics, MCP and HLFET. The resulting schedules are then executed in parallel by using OpenMP in the runtime. The implementation is evaluated by looking at the utilization of the schedule, the execution time of the scheduling and the speedup of the simulation. These measurements are taken on three different test models. With model exchange FMUs only a really small speedup is observed. With co-simulation models the speedup varies a lot depending on the model, the highest achieved speedup was 2.8 running on four cores.

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Autonomous vehicles rely on real-time embedded systems called Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and it is crucial for safety and behavioural correctness that ECUs run fast enough, in other words, within their deadlines. In this thesis a high-performance ECU used at Volvo Autonomous Solutions (V.A.S.) running PetaLinux will be evaluated. To ensure that the ECU is able to run in real-time, it will be evaluated by simulating physical models in the form of Functional Mock-up Units (FMUs) that are cross compiled to aarch64. The ECU execution time will be measured to evaluate whether the models run in real-time and to compare it with the performance of a desktop computer. With the use of profiling tools, possible bottlenecks in the utilization of ECU will be identified. The results show that the ECU is capable of running the FMU simulation models faster than real-time and that the ECU runs at less than 10% of the speed of the desktop computer. FMU communication frequency, underutilization of available instructions, unnecessary allocation and unnecessary use of synchronization primitives where identified as the key possible bottlenecks. We conclude that the ECU is likely capable of running significantly more computationally demanding models in real-time if they are optimized for the ECU.

First time name of certification were mentioned 1990s concerning a problems with bad forest practices, hard improvement of governmental regulations especial in tropics. Later this concern were growing to 1992 Rio de Janeiro conference. And so, need of strict forest system in 1993 established Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Main activities started later 1996 in Canada with small group of people which started developing countries regional standards (Claros, 2009). Now FSC program is one of the biggest forest certification and accreditation providing company providing wood and their products and certification service. This program supports LEED Lumber, IKEA, biggest companies buying wood in the world, non governamental organisations World wild Fund (WWF), Green peace (www.fsc.org). The curiosity of how FSC forest certification impact forest management in Lithuania and Russia and lack of FSC standard studies with national law encouraged to create such study. We want to analyze FSC certification annual public reports raised CAR’s (Corrective action request) from Forest Management Units (FMU) - enterprises, leaseholders in Lithuania and Russia. The first aim was to find, what main CAR’s in Lithuania, Russia and distribute CAR’s to environmental, economical, social type aspects. In later stages analyze Lithuanian and Russian FSC standards Smart Wood, SGS Qualifor and Russian national. In the last step to compare FSC standards with state law for each country. Analysis of... [to full text] / Pagal FSC standartus miškai pradėti sertifikuoti nuo 1993 metų. Patogi sertifikavimo sistema leido minėtam standartui išplisti visame pasaulyje. Bolivijoje, Brazilijoje, Indonezijoje FSC sertifikavimas vis dar plečiamas (Claros, 2009). Sertifikacijos dėka gerinama miškų valdymo kokybė, biologinės įvairovės apsauga, sprendžiamos darbuotojų saugos problemos. Šio standarto visapusišku naudingumu neabejoja daugelis FSC rėmėjų: LEED Lumber, IKEA, bei didžiausios miško produktus superkančios ar nevyriausybinės organizacijos, Pasaulio gamtos fondas (World wild Fund WWF), Green peace (www.fsc.org). Mokslinių darbų, nagrinėjančių miškų sertifikaciją objektyviai, yra nedaug ir miškų sertifikavimo tema nėra plačiai nagrinėjama palyginus su socialiniais, miško gyvosios ir negyvosios gamtos sąveikos tyrimais. Miškų sertifikavimo standartų palyginamųjų darbų taip pat yra negausu. Šio darbo sukūrimo pagrindas – galimybė išanalizuoti skirtumus tarp FSC sertifikuotų kaimyninių šalių (Lietuvos ir Rusijos) miškų tvarkymo vienetų ir naudojimo standartų (MTV – Lietuvoje valstybinių miškų įmonių urėdijų ir Rusijoje miškų ūkių ir miškų nuomotojų). Taip pat norima sužinoti, ar Lietuvoje ir Rusijoje susiduriama su skirtingais sertifikavimo pažeidimais. Šių pažeidimų koregavimo veiksmų reikalavimų (KVR) aspektų pagalba palyginti Lietuvos ir Rusijos FSC miškų valdymo sertifikacijos standartus bei su standartais susijusi šalių miškų teisė. Kita šio darbo dalis, skirta ištirti kokią įtaką ekonominės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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Simulation modeling is important for resource management and operational strategy within the industry. Optimation AB specializes in modeling and simulation of complex systems using Dymola, but also offers solutions for decision support by solving simplified optimal control problems (OCPs). Since simulation models can be exported as functional mock-up units (FMUs), interfacing the underlying equations, this thesis explores the use of FMUs to formulate and solve OCPs in Python, proposing a workflow based on the softwares CasADi, Rockit and IPOPT. Test cases of increasing complexity, including a cogeneration plant OCP, were employed to evaluate the workflow. Promising results were obtained for simplified models, though scaling, initial guesses and solver settings require further consideration. Collocation demonstrated the fastest convergence time and overall robustness. It could be concluded that integrating FMUs into OCPs is feasible, although complex models require modifications. This suggest that creating simplified component libraries in Dymola, tailored for optimization, could improve method implementation and re-usability.

This diploma thesis deals with creation of elektromechanical model in Modelica language which is subsequently imported into LabVIEW environment. The Modelica language, LabVIEW graphical programming tool and Functional Mock-up Interface 2.0 standard are described in the introduction of this thesis. Functional Mock-up Interface is a tool independent standard witch, defines a standardized interface to ModelExchange and Co-simulation of complex system components. The model of electromechanical system was created based on Functional Mock-up Interface standard. Part of the work focuses on the Functional Mock-up Unit storage possibilities and LabVIEW support to import models of this type. The imported model was simulated and tested in this environment. Finally, the instance of Functional Mock-up Unit was connected with LabVIEW FPGA target for the purpose of model HIL simulation on CompactRIO platform.

This thesis solves the use of Modelica models in Matlab/Simulink enviroment. The first part is focused on Modelica language and Functional Mock-up Interface, a standard way for model exchange and co-simulation of dynamic models, which is supported by most Modelica oriented tools. Based on this standard FMUtoolbox was created and it provides the ability to import and simulate models exported as Functional Mock-up Unit. The tool provides a Simulink block, graphical and command-line interface.