[pt] Nicolau Saldanha no seu artigo Stability of compact actions of R(n) of codimension one de 1994 considerou uma ação do grupo R(n) sobre uma variedade de dimension n+1 a qual é gerada por n campos de vetores X1,....,Xn com a propriedade de que todas as suas órbitas são compactas (ação compacta). Aqui ele definiu dois tipos de estabilidade para uma folha: estabilidade local e total, os quais são equivalentes. Em um outro trabalho, Tânia Begazo e N. Saldanha tomando uma ação do grupo de Heinsenberg sobre uma variedade de dimensão 4 concluiram que estas classes de estabilidade não eram mais equivalentes. Agora, neste trabalho tentaremos encontrar condições de estabilidade de uma folha em sua forma mais geral (ie. As folhas da ação perturbada continuam compactas) para uma ação de codimensão 2, usando para isso um exemplo muito conveniente. / [en] N. Saldanha in his paper Stability of compact actions of Rn of codimension one of 1994, considered an action of R(n) on a manifold of dimension n + 1 which is generated by n vector fields X1;...;Xn such that all its orbits are compact. Here he defined two kinds of stability for an orbit, local and total stability, proving that under certain conditions, these kinds of stability were equivalent. In another work, Tania Begazo and N. Saldanha proved that this equivalence fails for compact actions of the Heinsenberg group. In the present work we will try to find conditions of stability of an orbit for an action of codimension 2, using for this a very convenient examplle.

This thesis is concerned principally with tangential geometry and the applications of these concepts to tangentially symplectic foliations. The subject of tangential geometry is still at an elementary stage. The author here systematises current concepts and results and extends them, leading to the definition of vertical connections and vertical G-structures. Tangentially symplectic foliations are then characterised in terms of vertical symplectic forms. Some significant particular cases are discussed.

Thesis advisor: Joshua E. Greene / We construct taut foliations in every closed 3-manifold obtained by r-framed Dehn surgery along a positive 3-braid knot K in S^3, where r < 2g(K)-1 and g(K) denotes the Seifert genus of K. This confirms a prediction of the L--space conjecture. For instance, we produce taut foliations in every non-L-space obtained by surgery along the pretzel knot P(-2,3,7), and indeed along every pretzel knot P(-2,3,q), for q a positive odd integer. This is the first construction of taut foliations for every non-L-space obtained by surgery along an infinite family of hyperbolic L-space knots. We adapt our techniques to construct taut foliations in every closed 3-manifold obtained along r-framed Dehn surgery along a positive 1-bridge braid, and indeed, along any positive braid knot, in S^3, where r < g(K)-1. These are the only examples of theorems producing taut foliations in surgeries along hyperbolic knots where the interval of surgery slopes is in terms of g(K). / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Mathematics.

No description available.

The aim of this text is to give an accessible overview to some recent results concerning contact manifolds and their symplectic fillings. In particular, we work out the weakest compatibility conditions between a symplectic manifold and a contact structure on its boundary to still be able to obtain a sensible theory (Chapter II), furthermore we prove two results (Theorem A and B in Section I.4) that show how certain submanifolds inside a contact manifold obstruct the existence of a symplectic filling or influence its topology. We conclude by giving several constructions of contact manifolds that for different reasons do not admit a symplectic filling.

We interpret the generalised gauge symmetry introduced in string theory and M-Theory as a special case of Grothendieck's stability equivalence relation in the definition of the 0th K-group and we calculate the Euler number of the elliptic de Rham complex twisted by a flat connection. Then using Polyakov's classical equivalence of flat bundles with non-linear sigma models we define a new topological invariant for foliations using techniques from noncommutative geometry, in particular the Connes' pairing between K-Theory and cyclic cohomology. This new invariant classifies foliations up to Morita equivalence.

Dans cette thèse, on étudie les C2-feuilletages de codimension 1, dans les 3-variétés compactes connexes et orientables. Il est bien connu que l’on peut construire explicitement sur de telles variétés un feuilletage qui possède des composantes de Reeb. Vient alors le problème crucial d’existence des feuilletages tendus (toujours ouvert).Rappelons qu’un feuilletage tendu n’admet pas de composante de Reeb, mais que la réciproque est fausse.La première partie de ce travail, consiste à comprendre la différence entre un feuilletage non-tendu sans composante de Reeb et un feuilletage tendu. On verra que l’orientation transverse des feuilles toriques joue un rôle crucial, en donnant une condition nécessaire et suffisante sur cette orientation transverse pour qu’un feuilletage soit tendu. Pour cela on étudiera de près les procédés géométriques de tourbillonement et de spiralement, et on montrera qu’ils apparaissent toujours au voisinage d’une feuille torique.La seconde partie de ce travail se concentre sur le problème d’existence de feuilletages tendu. Rappelons que depuis les travaux de D. Gabai [1983], on sait que si une 3-variété admet une homologie non-triviale, alors elle admet un feuilletage tendu. Mais le problème d’existence est toujours ouvert parmi les sphères d’homologies, et on s’intéresse ici à celles qui sont fibrées de Seifert. On montre que toutes les sphères d’homologie entière fibrées de Seifert sauf S3 et la sphère d’homologie de Poincaré admettent un feuilletage tendu. Par contre, parmi les sphères d’homologie rationnelle non-entière, fibrées de Seifert, il existe une infinité de telles variétés qui admettent un feuilletage tendu, et une infinité qui n’en admettent pas. / In this thesis, we study codimension 1, C2-foliations, in compact, connected and orientable 3-manifolds. It is well known that we can explicitly construct on such manifolds a foliation admitting Reeb components. Then comes the crucial problem of existence of taut foliation (still opened).Recall that a taut foliation does not admit a Reeb component, but the converse is false. The first step of this work focuses on the difference between a non-taut and Reebless foliation, and a taut foliation. We will understand that the transverse orientation of the torus leaves plays a key-role, by giving a necessary and sufficient condition on the transverse orientation, for a foliation to be taut. For this, we will study the geometric processes of turbulization and spiraling with generalizations, and we see that they always appear in a neighborhood of a torus leaf.The second step of this work is concentrated on the problem of existence of taut foliations. Recall that since the work of D. Gabai [1983], we know that if a 3-manifold has non-trivial homology, then it admits a taut foliation. This problem is still opened among homology spheres and we focus here on Seifert fibered ones. We show that all Seifert fibered integral homology spheres (but S3 and Poincar &#769;e homology sphere) admit a taut foliation. Nevertheless, among Seifert fibered rational (and non-integral) homology spheres, there exist infinitely many which admit a taut foliation and infinitely many which do not admit one.

On dit qu'une variété est feuilletée lorsqu'il existe une partition de celle-ci en sous-variétés immergées. La théorie des feuilletages a des applications très profondes dans divers champs des Mathématiques et de la Physique, et il semble d'autant plus intéressant de pouvoir analyser le feuilletage à partir de ce qui semble être une donnée plus fondamentale : sa distribution de champs de vecteurs associée. C'est ainsi que nous avons observé que si le feuilletage est résolu par un fibré gradué, on peut relever le crochet de Lie des champs de vecteurs en une structure de Lie infini-algébroide sur ce fibré. D'autre part, cette structure est universelle dans le sens où toute autre résolution du feuilletage sera isomorphe à celle-ci dans un sens L_infini, mais seulement à homotopie près. Lorsqu'on se limite à l'étude au dessus d'un point, on observe que la cohomologie associée à la résolution devient potentiellement non triviale. La structure de Lie infini-algébroide universelle se réduit alors à une algèbre de Lie graduée sur cette cohomologie. Cette structure algébrique peut être transportée (non canoniquement) tout le long de la feuille, transformant la cohomologie au dessus d'une feuille en algébroide de Lie gradué. Cela nous permet de retrouver des résultats déjà connus par ailleurs et de déduire des avancées prometteuses / A smooth manifold is said to be foliated when it is partitioned into immersed submanifolds. Foliation Theory has profound applications in various fields of Mathematics and Physics, and it seems much more interesting to analyze the foliation from what seems to be a more fundamental point of view: its associated distribution of vector fields. Thus we have noticed that if the foliation is resolved by a graded fiber bundle, one can lift the Lie bracket of vector fields into a Lie infinity-algebroid structure on this fiber bundle. Moreover, this structure is universal in the sense that any other resolution of the foliation is isomorphic to it in the L_infinity setup, but only up to homotopy. When one restricts the analysis over a point, we observe that the cohomology associated to the resolution may become non trivial. The universal Lie infinity-algebroid structure hence reduces to a graded Lie algebra structure on this cohomology. This algebraic structure can be carried (non canonically) along the leaf, providing the cohomology over a leaf with a graded Lie algebroid structure. This enables us to retrieve former well-known results, as well as promising advances

The main aim of this paper is proof that the reduction of the singularities of a generalized hypersurfaces agrees with a reduction of singularities of its separatrix; which is a generalization of the result presented in [8] by the first two authors. / El objetivo principal de este artículo es demostrar que la reduccióon de singularidades de una hipersupercie generalizada coincide con una reducción de singularidades de su separatriz; el cual es una generalización del resultado presentado en [8] por los dos primeros autores.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:45:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 519967 bytes, checksum: bd1af6c8f1b6386794e796434e97115c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / We talk about versions the theorem of integrability Darboux - Jouanolou for endomorphisms, fields, or r-polynomial differential forms. These versions say essentially that there are infinitely many algebraic hypersurfaces invariant if and only if the dynamical system in question preserves a pencil of hypersurfaces. / Dissertamos sobre versões do teorema de integrabilidade de Darboux - Jouanolou para endomorfismos, campos ou r-formas diferenciais polinomiais. Tais versões dizem essencialmente que existem infinitas hipersuperfícies algébricas invariantes se, e somente se, o sistema dinâmico em questão preserva um pencil de hipersuperfícies.