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This thesis explores how football (soccer) is used as a tool to promote corruption within political and economic institutions in Latin America and Europe. By drawing on international political and economic policies and analyzing work that theorizes how neoliberalism is not only an outside force that highly influences the state, but also shapes power relationships in society that are procreated by every day economic actions of the working class, this research aims to provide a more theoretically informed perspective on global politics. This thesis also examines how entrepreneurial endeavors can lead to relations of exploitation, extraction and economic dispossession in broader political society. More specifically, it analyses neoliberalism in Argentina and Germany through the perspective of state power, informal economies, and international migration. Lastly, this research portrays the mindset of Argentine and German politicians over the last century by analyzing the actions of the elites within the football clubs and organizations under the guise of entrepreneurship. / Master of Arts / This thesis aims to understand the corrupt ways in which football (soccer) is used within Latin America and Europe to illicitly gain political and economic power. More specifically, it aims at analyzing neoliberalism in Argentina and Germany through the perspective of state power, informal economies, and international migration. The aim of this research is to understand how the footballing industry can lead to relations of manipulation, extraction, and economic impoverishment within broader society seen through the connections between politicians, club officials, and third party illicit actors.

Sports related concussions result in 300,000 brain injuries in the United States each year. The purpose of this study was to utilize an in-helmet system that measures and records linear head accelerations to analyze head impacts from collegiate football. The Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System is an in-helmet system with six spring mounted accelerometers and an antenna that transmits data via radio frequency to a sideline receiver and laptop computer system. The data reported by the HIT System includes the time of impact, location of impact, and linear acceleration resultant of the head center of gravity. The algorithm and in-helmet application for this system were validated in five series of tests. In particular, the validation emphasized that the HIT System measurements are of the player's head and not helmet accelerations as evidenced by the helmet acceleration being 16.6 (± 3.2) times greater than the peak head accelerations measured by the HIT System and dummy cg accelerometers. Using 130 head impacts in five different test configurations, the mean error in measuring peak linear acceleration was 0.01% (±18%). A total of 11,604 head impacts were recorded from the Virginia Tech football team throughout the 2003 and 2004 football seasons during 22 games and 62 practices from a total of 52 players. The acceleration data distribution was right skewed with a mean impact acceleration magnitude of 20.9 g and maximum value of 172.6 g. The HIC determined for each impact from a 15 millisecond time period was similarly distributed with the mean equal to 17.9, and the maximum equal to 969.6. A total of three impacts with three different players resulted in concussions. These impacts had peak linear accelerations of 55.7 g, 136.7 g, and 117.6 g with HIC values of 120.6, 518.4, and 355.6 respectively. Each of these hits was among the highest recorded for each respective player. Although the incidence of injury data is limited, this study presents an extremely large data set from human head impacts that provides valuable insight into the lower bounds of mild traumatic brain injuries. / Master of Science

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2006 Aug 12.

The investigator made a critical study to determine the relationship of the success of football teams from ten class "A" football districts of the University Interscholastic League with the financial status and enrollment from 1946 through 1948.

DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Historie fotbalového klubu Sokol Slapy The history of football club Sokol Slapy Vedoucí práce: PaedDr. Ladislav Pokorný Autor: Bc. Luboš Chroust Title: The history of football club Sokol Slapy Anotation: This diploma thesis deals with the history of soccer club Slap, its operation and last, but not least it's successes in the field. Key words: history, Slapy, football, club

Le fonctionnement du secteur associatif ne peut être compris sans envisager le lien qu'il entretient aux pouvoirs publics et cette intrication entre secteurs public et privé non lucratif s’avère particulièrement structurante dans le domaine du sport. En effet, ces activités sont largement administrées par des structures associatives mais la reconnaissance de l'utilité publique est ancienne et invite à leur encadrement public. L'action publique dans le domaine du sport est alors largement déléguée aux associations et fédérations sportives, lesquelles se voient attribuer dans ce cadre des ressources matérielles, humaines et symboliques qui assurent le pouvoir de prescription de l'Etat sur leur fonctionnement. C'est dans un tel contente que je propose d'envisager la politique de féminisation du football engagée par la Fédération Française de Football comme une politique publique sectorielle en faveur de l'égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, déléguée par l’État. Ainsi, ce travail propose une réflexion sur les effets de la délégation de politiques publiques vers le secteur associatif, en réalisant un détour par l’observation du travail concret des salarié-e-s de droit privé à qui incombent ces missions de service public, pour rendre compte des rapports de domination dans lesquelles ils et elles se voient pris-e-s et qui constituent autant de contraintes sur leur activité. Cette démarche permet ainsi d'envisager conjointement les conséquences de cette délégation sur les modalités de réalisation de ces missions (les effets sur les usager-e-s) et sur le travail de celles et ceux à qui incombent leur définition et leur mise en œuvre (effet sur les prestataires, salarié-e-s et bénévoles). Cette présentation s'adosse ainsi à un travail ethnographique de plusieurs années au sein des instances gestionnaires de la FFF, lequel s'est construit en partie autour de ma participation aux activités fédérales. Après avoir proposé une évaluation quantitative des modalités de diffusion du football féminin depuis le début des années 1990, je montre qu’en dépit du caractère hautement ambigu de la position de salarié-e associatif-ve – contractuellement rémunéré-e-s dans des organisations structurées par une éthique de désintéressement – celles et ceux qui sont chargé-e-s de la mise en œuvre de la féminisation à la FFF construisent leur activité autour de la vocation de service public qui la justifie et orientent en conséquence le contenu de leur activité. J’envisage ensuite la manière dont les rapports de genre dans lesquels sont prises les salariées chargées du développement du football féminin informent les orientations qu’elles donnent aux dispositifs de diffusion de cette pratique, au gré d’un travail de naturalisation des dispositions féminines, et de qualification individualisée des rapports sociaux de sexe. Ainsi, c'est en articulant des questionnements propres à la sociologie du travail (associatif), du genre et de l'action publique qu'il s'est agi de proposer une réflexion sur les enjeux de la recomposition de l'action publique, au travers des effets sociaux de sa délégation au secteur associatif. / This doctoral research has begun after I joined a workgroup of the French Football Association – the Fédération Française de Football (FFF) – in October 2012. This workgroup was focused on how to develop female football. The reason I joined the group was initially to get access to administrative data to study the career of the players. I got this access in exchange of doing some statistical work for the group. Thus, I worked during four years, with four employees of the FFF, in charge of the development of female football. Doing so, I got the chance to observe the negotiations about gender equality in football and debates about the best orientation to give to the policy of development.This work precisely deals with the construction and implementation of this new policy, created in 2011. This policy takes place in the institutional context of a partnership between the ministry of sports and the sports associations. Thus, the policy of football feminization will be seen as a delegated sectorial policy for gender equality. This mechanism of policy delegation exists in the domain of sport since the 50’s. In other words, the policy of sports is partially operated by the sports associations. The ministry of sports provides them with funds and human support (nearly 1,600 civil servants work for the sport associations). Thus, the public authority keeps a control over the policy of sport and delegates its implementation. This delegation scheme is not specific to sport and has been used in various fields since the 80’s. It is reflected in the growing number of employees in the non-profit associations sector; this sector having increasingly a role of intermediate in the public policies.Therefore, the purpose will be to illustrate the impacts of delegating the public policy related to gender equality to employees working under private law for the FFF. Consequently, their working conditions, the social relationships in which they are included will be objectively examined, to grasp how they embodied this policy and they reflect it. In that matter, it will be demonstrated that despite the great ambiguity of the employee’s status in an association – contractually hired in an organization structured around an ethic of selflessness –, the ones in charge of implementing the feminization within the FFF, build their activity around public service values which consequently impacts the content of their activities. Subsequently, I will consider how the gender inequality, in which the female employees developing the female football evolve, influences the orientations that they give to the policy of development of female football. I will demonstrate that the marginal position occupied by the female employees in the FFF reduces not only their range of actions but creates the risk of a transfer of gender inequality from the female employees to the female players. Indeed, this work proposes to reflect on the impact of delegating public policies to non-profit associations thanks to an observation study of the actual work of privately hired employees to whom the responsibility of public policy is delegated. Hence, it will interlink questionings in sociology related to gender, associative work and public policy.