The issues relative to foreign accent continue to puzzle second language researchers, educators, and learners today. Although once thought to be at the root, maturational constraints have fallen short of definitively accounting for the myriad levels and rates of phonological attainment (Bialystok & Miller, 1999, p. 128). This study, a Posttest-only Control Group Design, examined how the pronunciation accuracy of adult, English language learners, as demonstrated by utterance length, was related to two input stimuli: auditory-only input and auditoryorthographic input. Utterance length and input modality were further examined with the added variables of native language, specifically Arabic and Spanish, and second language proficiency as defined by unofficial TOEFL Listening Comprehension and Reading Comprehension section scores. Results from independent t tests indicated a statistically significant difference in utterance length based on input modality (t(192) = -3.285. p = .001), while with the added variable of native language, factorial ANOVA results indicated no statistically significance difference for the population studied. In addition, multiple linear regression analyses examined input modality and second language proficiency as predictors of utterance length accuracy and revealed a statistically significant relationship (R 2 = .108, adjusted R 2 = .089, F(3, 144) = 5.805, p = .001), with 11% of the utterance length variance accounted for by these two factors predictors. Lastly, hierarchical regressions applied to two blocks of factors revealed statistical significance: (a) input modality/native language (R 2 = .069, adjusted R 2 = .048, F(2, 87) = 3.230, p = .044) and ListenComp (R 2 = .101, adjusted R 2 = .070, F(3, 86) = 3.232, p = .026), with ListenComp iv increasing the predictive power by 3%; (b) input modality/native language (R 2 = .069, adjusted R 2 = .048, F(2, 87) = 3.230, p = .044) and ReadComp (R 2 = .112, adjusted R 2 = .081, F(1, 86) = 3.629, p = .016), with ReadComp increasing the predictive power by 4%; and (c) input modality/native language (R 2 = .069, adjusted R 2 = .048, F(2, 87) = 3.230, p = .044) and ListenComp/ReadComp (R 2 = .114, adjusted R 2 = .072, F(2, 85) = 2.129, p = .035), with ListenComp/ReadComp increasing the predictive power by 4%. The implications of this research are that by considering issues relative to input modality and second language proficiency levels especially when teaching new vocabulary to adult second language learners, the potential for improved pronunciation accuracy is maximized. Furthermore, the heightened attention to the role of input modality as a cognitive factor on phonological output in second language teaching and learning may redirect the manner in which target language phonology is approached.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:54:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MABIACAMARGO.pdf: 2963654 bytes, checksum: 9a95b861316170c98e112c71b5018ba2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-07 / The purpose of this study is to understand how issues of race and ethnicity are being treated in the English as a Foreign Language classes. The locus school of the research is a public school located in the district of Entre Rios, which is formed by five Swabian colonies, in the city of Guarapuava-PR. The classroom observed is composed of students who live on the outskirts of the district, students who live in rural communities and farms between the city of Guarapuava and Pinhão, and also students who live in the Invernada Paiol de Telha Community, a quilombola settlement located in the Socorro Colony. The theoretical base used in this research was constructed from studies about: critical literacy, social-identity theory and the issue of race / ethnicity (MCLAREN E LANKSHEAR,1993, MOITA LOPES, 2002, FERREIRA, 2006, KLEIMAN,1995, PENNYCOOK, 1998, STREET, 1995, BAUMAN, 2005, MUNANGA, 2004). As well as official documents, for example, Federal Law 10.639/2003, which demands the teaching of History and Afro-Brazilian Culture in Basic Education, and the DCEs (Parana State Curricular Guidelines for EFL). The research is qualitative with an interventionist kind, the working method is an ethnographic case study, where through observations during the period of approximately two months, it was accompanied the work of an EFL teacher in dealing with issues of race and ethnicity. In order that, a teaching unit was designed and implemented in the classes of EFL. The research shows up the issues of identity are characterized by the territorial and the social class notion, because of a hegemonic German identity, the other ethnics (Brazilians and Quilombolas) are forgotten and not enhanced. The need for ongoing training of English Language teachers so that the ethnic and racial issues can be worked satisfactorily in the classroom is primary, because the collected data indicates that ethnic and racial issues were not being worked in EFL classes at the referred school. This study aims to contribute to an education of EFL that satisfies the cultural and political demands in equality of race and ethnicity, and to continue discussions about teacher educational training, viewing an anti-racist education. / A proposta deste trabalho está em compreender como as questões de raça e etnia têm sido tratadas nas aulas de língua inglesa. A escola locus da pesquisa é uma escola pública, localizada no Distrito de Entre Rios, o qual é formado por cinco colônias suábias, na cidade de Guarapuava-PR. A sala de aula observada é composta por alunos que vivem na periferia do Distrito, em comunidades rurais e chácaras entre os municípios de Guarapuava e Pinhão, e também por alunos que vivem na Comunidade Invernada Paiol de Telha, um assentamento quilombola, localizado na Colônia Socorro. Os aportes teóricos utilizados na pesquisa foram construídos a partir de estudos sobre Letramento Crítico, teorias socioidentitárias e a questão de raça/etnia (MCLAREN E LANKSHEAR,1993; MOITA LOPES, 2002; FERREIRA, 2006; KLEIMAN,1995; PENNYCOOK, 1998; STREET, 1995; BAUMAN, 2005; MUNANGA, 2004). Este trabalho também se apoia em documentos oficiais como, por exemplo, a Lei Federal 10.639/2003, que torna obrigatório o Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira na Educação Básica, e as DCEs-LEM (Diretrizes Curriculares da Educação Básica de Língua Estrangeira Moderna do Paraná). A pesquisa é qualitativa de caráter intervencionista, o método de trabalho é o estudo de caso etnográfico, a partir do qual, por meio de observações realizadas durante o período aproximado de dois meses, foi acompanhado o trabalho de uma professora de Língua Inglesa (LI) no trato das questões de raça e etnia. Para tanto, uma unidade didática foi elaborada e aplicada nas aulas de LI. A pesquisa evidencia que as questões de identidade estão marcadas pela noção de territorialidade e classe social, devido a uma identidade hegemônica alemã na região, o que determina um esquecimento e consequente desvalorização das as outras etnias (brasileiros e quilombolas) presentes no território. A necessidade da formação continuada dos professores de língua inglesa para o trato das questões étnico-raciais nas aulas de língua inglesa é primordial, pois os dados gerados indicaram que essas questões não estavam sendo trabalhadas nas aulas de LI da referida escola. Este estudo, nesse sentido, visa contribuir para um ensino de LI que satisfaça as demandas culturais e políticas na igualdade de raça e etnia, e ainda dar continuidade às discussões sobre a formação de professores com vistas a um ensino antirracista.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Between Languages – Exploring the potential of exophonic literature for the implementation of didactics of literariness in German foreign language teaching at tertiary level in South Africa This thesis aims to make a contribution to the field of literature study in foreign language teaching in South Africa. It investigates the practical implications of Claire Kramsch’s theory of “symbolic competence” of the multilingual subject, Michael Dobstadt’s and Renate Riedner’s theory of a “Didaktik der Literarizität” as well as theories of multilingualism and exophony. Specifically this thesis looks at how these approaches can be combined and then implemented at advanced levels in foreign language teaching (B1 and B2), namely German modules at Stellenbosch and other South African universities where a multilingual background of language learners is the norm. The thesis thus explores how exophonic literature as an educational tool can help students to improve their language learning and shows the range of possibilities that exophonic literature offers in the field of foreign language learning. On the basis of the theories and a survey amongst the students studying German in their third year in Stellenbosch, two sets of lesson plans are developed for university students with B1/B2 level in Stellenbosch. The literature used was Maja Haderlap‘s poem “Als mir die Sprache abhanden kam” as well as Yoko Tawada’s Essay “Bioskoop der Nacht”. These lesson plans shall serve as examples on how Dobstadt/Riedner’s and Kramsch’s theories can be implemented in practise using exophonic literature in a multilingual environment. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Hierdie tesis beoog om ‘n bydra tot die gebied van literatuurstudie in vreemde taal-onderrig in Suid-Afrika te lewer. Dit bestudeer die praktiese implikasies van Claire Kramsch se teorie “simboliese kompetensie” van veeltaligheid, Michael Dobstadt en Renate Riedner se teorie van ‘n “didaktiek van letterkundigheid” asook ander teorieë van veeltaligheid en “eksofonie”. Daar word veral gefokus op hoe hierdie benaderinge gekombineer kan word en dan toegepas moet word op hoër vlakke van vreemde taal-onderrig (B1 en B2); naamlik by die Duitse modules van Stellenbosch en ander Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite, waar studente met ‘n veeltalige agtergrond die norm is. Die tesis ondersoek dus hoe “eksofoniese” literatuur as onderrigmiddel studente met verbetering van taalvaardighede kan help. Verder stel dit die omvang van moontlikhede ten toon wat “eksofoniese” literatuur in die gebied van vreemde taal-onderrig kan bied. Gebaseer op die bogenoemde teorieë en ‘n opname onder studente wat in hul derdejaar Duits aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch studeer, word twee lesplanne vir Stellenbosch studente op B1/B2 vlak ontwikkel. Die literatuur wat gebruik is, is Maja Haderlap se gedig “Als mir die Sprache abhanden kam” sowel as Yoko Tawada se essay “Bioskoop der Nacht”. Hierdie lesplanne sal dien as voorbeelde van hoe Dobstadt/Riedner en Kramsch se teorieë prakties toegepas kan word deur die gebruik van “eksofoniese” literatuur in ʼn veeltalige omgewing.

Dans le Bade-Wurtemberg, land du sud-ouest de l’Allemagne limitrophe à la France, on enseigne une langue étrangère dans toutes les écoles primaires dès la 1re année depuis l’année scolaire 2003-2004. Certaines communes composant un corridor d’une trentaine de kilomètres de large longeant la frontière française se sont vu imposer le français, et non l’anglais comme ailleurs dans le land. Pour cette raison, le règlement a été dénoncé par des opposants lorsqu’il fut rendu public en 2001. La recherche a pour objectif dans une première étape de reconstituer, à l’aide de protocoles parlementaires du land, de publications ministérielles et de jugements de la Cour administrative, les événements entourant l’élaboration, l’implantation et la réception de cette politique éducative entre 1998 et 2011. La question qui nous intéresse dans une deuxième étape se rapporte aux causes des tensions entre le ministère de l’Éducation et les citoyens. La recherche mettra en évidence le fait que les citoyens n’étaient pas seulement contre l’enseignement du français plutôt que de l’anglais, mais aussi contre l’imposition de l’objet d’enseignement. Pour ce faire, un corpus d’articles de journaux dressera le portrait des opinions saillantes de la population, et les positions du débat pourront être systématisées. Une troisième étape proposera une analyse à l’aide de théories de l’évolution des modes de gouvernance en politique de l’éducation et proposera de nouvelles pistes de réflexion. / In Baden-Württemberg, a German federal state neighboring France, a first foreign language has been taught at school starting in grade one since 2003-2004. Along the French border, all municipalities in a 30km-wide corridor have been required to teach French, whereas schools in the eastern part of the state have to teach English. The new ministerial imposition concerning which foreign language has to be taught in school has been the cause of tension since it was publically announced in 2001. In a first step, this thesis reconstructs the events surrounding the development, implementation, and reception of this education policy between 1998 and 2011, using the data collected in documents published by the ministry, the parliament, and the administrative court. We will explore, in a second step, the reasons why this tension arose between the ministry of education and citizens, systematizing the different positions in the debate. This study suggests citizens were not only aggravated by the language required (French or English), but also, as users of educational services, they felt they should have the freedom to choose. The citizens’ main interests will be synthesized from a corpus of newspaper articles. A third step compares the case studied with theorized trends in the evolution of educational governance, thereby offering new perspectives from which to understand the debate. / In Baden-Württemberg steht seit dem Schuljahr 2003-2004 flächendeckend eine Fremdsprache ab der ersten Klasse auf dem Lehrplan für die Grundschule. Die jeweilige Sprache wird durch das Ministerium bestimmt und variiert je nach Wohnort; in einem etwa 30 Kilometer breiten Korridor an der Grenze zu Frankreich wird Französisch unterrichtet, im Rest des Landes Englisch. Die Kritik an der Verordnung von 2001 richtete sich vor allem gegen die Rolle des Französischen in den grenznahen Gebieten. Diese Arbeit untersucht im ersten Schritt Landtagsprotokolle, Veröffentlichungen des Ministeriums und Urteile des Landesverwaltungsgerichts, die sich mit der Frage des Fremdsprachenunterrichts in der Grundschule beschäftigen, um sowohl die Vorbereitung und Einführung der neuen Regelung als auch die Reaktion darauf zwischen 1998 und 2011 nachzuzeichnen. Im zweiten Schritt wird der Frage nachgegangen, wo die Ursachen der Spannungen zwischen dem Ministerium und der Bevölkerung liegen. Dafür wird die öffentliche Kontroverse auf der Grundlage von Zeitungsartikeln untersucht, um zu zeigen, welche grundsätzlichen Fragen in diesen Konflikten zur Debatte standen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass nicht allein die Frage der Sprache Unzufriedenheit auslöst. Vielmehr geht es vor allem darum, dass das Land eine Sprache von oben verordnete, statt den Eltern die freie Wahl einer ersten Fremdsprache zu lassen. Im dritten Schritt der Arbeit wird diese Frage mit Hilfe von bildungspolitischen Theorien der „Neuen Steuerung“ betrachtet und mögliche Erklärungen werden angeboten.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse a foreign language teaching regarding the use of mnemonics as special procedures which lead to memorize the curriculum. The thesis deals with types and phases of the memory and with the process of forgetting. It defines the term learning, describes learning styles and characterizes aspects of effective learning. Subsequently the thesis is concerned with the procedures for consolidation of information in the memory, the attributes of effective revision and above all the mnemonic procedures. The attention is payed to principles, types and effectiveness of mnemonics and their implementation into the foreign language teaching. The next part deals with the aspects of andragogical didactics, their specific application and with androdidactic principles. Afterwards the thesis pursues the qualitative research whose aim was to analyse the use of mnemonics within the foreign language teaching. It is based on observation method in courses for adults at two language schools.

The Master Thesis is focused on summarizing of theoretical pieces of knowledge in the process of learning and teaching in an elementary school (the second stage according to Czech educational system). The thesis is also concerned about the role of locomotion in this process as well as the usage of movement activities in a foreign language teaching process. Theoretical resources were verified by the research investigation and a pedagogical experiment which proved a positive influence of a motion to the effectiveness of teaching in a particular research group. In compliance with the gathered information there was a file of various activities created, which offers methodical and didactic description of those activities and game. These are suitable for the usage of movement activities during the teaching of German language on the elementary schools. This activity file should inspire all German language teachers.

This diploma thesis is concerned with the level of knowledge and use of selected alternative teaching methods - Suggestopedia, Total Physical Response (TPR), Community Language Learning (CLL), The Silent Way and Act&Speak method among the teachers of foreign languages of adults in Prague. For better orientation, it can be divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, I focus on the situation of foreign language education and foreign language policy of the European Union and the Czech Republic. Also, I define what is meant by the concepts of didactics of foreign languages and methods of foreign language teaching so that I can describe the traditional foreign language teaching methods (direct methods, indirect methods and eclectic methods) and alternative methods in the other section. In the practical part, I approach with the assumption that the teachers of foreign languages of adults in Prague do not know and do not use the selected alternative methods. These and other hypotheses were verified by a quantitative survey (questionnaire) which also examined whether there is a correlation between the teacher's education, length of the teacher's lecturing practice, a place of carrying out teaching activities and knowledge and using these alternative methods. All were...

The dissertation deals with foreign language teaching methods at the Primary School in the Czech, English and German environment. It includes the summary of the present basic knowledge about the foreign language teaching methods generally both in the Czech, English and German environment. Subsequently there has been presented and analysed the real use of foreign language teaching methods at the Czech Primary School at present. In conclusion there has been drawn further suggestion for a possible appropriate future development of the foreign language teaching methods at the Czech Primary School based on the research too.

[pt] O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever e analisar o discurso de professores, futuros professores e alunos do ensino médio face ao processo de integração de tecnologia e da internet ao ensino presencial de alemão como língua estrangeira, a fim de responder às seguintes questões: (1) Professores de alemão fazem uso de tecnologia e da internet em suas práticas pedagógicas? (2) Os licenciandos em Letras português-alemão estão sendo preparados para o uso de tecnologia e da internet no ensino? (3) Como professores e alunos avaliam o uso da internet no ensino presencial de alemão? O trabalho foi desenvolvido de acordo com pressupostos construtivistas para a formação de professores e para o ensino de línguas, pautados em Freire (1996) e Demo (2004). A partir das propostas de Lévy (1999), Sampaio & Leite (1999) e Almeida (2005), são discutidas questões sobre letramento digital de professores e alunos do século XXI e a inclusão digital de instituições de ensino. Foram também considerados os pressupostos teóricos da abordagem sistêmico-funcional para a análise e categorização dos dados, pautados em Halliday (1994) e na Teoria da Valoração (Martin & White, 2005). O corpus analisado é composto de questionários aplicados a professores de alemão como língua estrangeira, atuando em escolas e cursos livres, e licenciandos portuguêsalemão de uma universidade pública, bem como entrevistas com professores e grupos de enfoque com alunos de uma mesma escola particular. Resultados quantitativos e qualitativos da pesquisa mostram a inclusão digital dos três grupos de participantes da pesquisa, mas apontam para um desencontro entre as apreciações discursivas feitas por professores e alunos sobre a integração de tecnologia e da internet ao ensino de alemão. A constatação sobre a carência de metodologias e de formação de professores especialmente voltadas para o uso de tecnologia e da internet no ensino de língua estrangeira contribui para a discussão sobre novas questões relacionadas ao letramento digital no contexto pedagógico. / [en] The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze teachers´, future teachers´ and high school students´ discourse on the integration of technology and the internet into the teaching of German as a foreign language. In order to investigate these issues the following questions are proposed: (1) Do teachers of German use technology and the Internet in their pedagogical practices? (2) Are future teachers of German being prepared to use technology and the Internet in their teaching activities? (3) How do teachers and students evaluate classroom use of the internet in the teaching of German as a foreign language? Research is based on a constructivist approach to teacher education and foreign language teaching, following Freire (1996) and Demo (2004). Teacher and student digital literacy in the 21st century as well as digital inclusion of educational institutions are discussed according to propositions by Lévy (1999), Sampaio & Leite (1999) and Almeida (2005). Discursive data analysis followed the systemic-functional approach (Halliday, 1994) and data categorization was developed according to the Appraisal Theory (Martin & White, 2005). The corpus analyzed comprises questionnaires answered by German teachers in high school and private language institutes and by future German teachers graduating from a public university. Interviews with teachers and focus groups with students from the same private high school were also collected and analyzed. Quantitative and qualitative results confirm that research participants from the three groups are digitally included. However, teachers and students show different discursive appreciations on the integration of technology and the Internet into the teaching of German. Observations on the scarcity of methodologies and need to reinforce teacher education that emphasizes the use of technology and the internet in the teaching of German as a foreign language contribute to the discussion of issues related to digital literacy in the pedagogical context.