Background: The increasing presence of globalization in our everyday life makes it apparent that internationalization is no longer a topic relevant only for a few multinational companies, but for essentially every company that wishes to expand or even survive in their domestic market as well as in foreign markets. In light of this, research on how firm chooses FMEM has surged, and it is evident that it is an important topic. Numerous theories and factors have been examined in order to explain what motivates the choice of FMEM, but there is notable absence in connecting the business model to the FMEM. Despite the increasing attention and prominence of the business model, to date, there is little research that looks at FMEM decisions through a business model perspective.   Purpose: The purpose of this study is to answer the calls for new aspects and theories on the FMEM research field by exploring the role that the business model has on the choice of FMEM. This study will be executed through mapping a company’s business model and FMEM choice by collecting qualitative data through interviews to find links between the business model and the entry mode.   Method: This research is conducted through a qualitative single case study, using in-depth interviews for primary data collection.   Conclusion: The results of the analysis that was based on the empirical findings derived from the data collection, led to several conclusions being drawn. Firstly, the business model of the case company has had a great impact on the choice of FMEM of that company. Secondly, apart from influencing the choice of FMEM, the company’s business model has also contributed to the company further committing to their existing FMEM. Thirdly, as long as the case company intends to operate the same business model, with the same value drivers, it is likely to continue its commitment towards its existing FMEM.

Background and problem: There are strong incentives for Swedish retail companies to establish their business in Japan. With its 128 million inhabitants the country accounts for 40 percent of the total world consumption of luxury goods and is the world’s largest importer of foreign fashion. Moreover, Japan is the second largest retail market in the world. However, as a company in a foreign market there are many obstacles to overcome. A Swedish retail company aiming to enter the Japanese market does not have the same insight and knowledge into the formal and informal institutions in the country as a domestic company might have. Furthermore, Japan is experiencing complaints from both business organisations and foreign politicians regarding the trade practices in the country arguing that the Japanese market is not receptive enough to Western products. A company that moreover aims to enter markets where both the cultural and actual distance is far away from the business’ home country shall preferably realize the complexity of such a decision and be as prepared as possible. Purpose: The purpose of the study is that “through a literary study identify and provide a deeper understanding of the major entry barriers a Swedish retail company may encounter when entering the Japanese market”. The following research questions were developed in order to reach the purpose: “What are the main industry and institution-based barriers a Swedish retail company may encounter when establishing its business in Japan?” and “What are the main cultural barriers a Swedish retail company may encounter when establishing its business in Japan?”Methodology: When conducting the study, a descriptive research approach has been used. The study is of a qualitative nature and the design of the study is a descriptive literary study. Performing a literary study involves the collection of data from already published scientific articles, journals and dissertations. The data used for this study consist of eight scientific articles and journals and one dissertation. Conclusions: The analysis was based on the theories, which explains a company’s decisions of where, when and how to enter a foreign market as well as theories that explains a nation’s cultural impact on an organisation. Based on the findings the results were divided into two sections. The study reached the conclusion that among the industry and institution-based barriers the high level of rivalry among firms, the high level of bargaining power of suppliers, the high standards regarding quality and service, regulatory risks, trade barriers and institutional norms were the most important barriers to market entry for foreign companies in Japan. The most important cultural barriers to market entry in Japan were the high level of collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity in the country. / Program: Master in Fashion Management with specialisation in Fashion Marketing and Retailing

Export performance has an important role for firm survival, profitability and growth. Given these benefits and the challenges that firms may face when exporting, scholars have dedicated considerable efforts to understand the factors that enable export success. The current study investigates the role of experiential foreign market knowledge and exporter-importer (EI) relationship quality for export performance. A conceptual model involving the relationship between the role of experiential foreign market knowledge, E-I relationship quality and export performance satisfaction is developed and empirically tested using data from 264 Thai exporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Findings suggest SME managers' knowledge of foreign customers, culture and political environment have a positive influence on E-I relationship quality and satisfaction with export performance. Drawing upon the relational exchange theory, goodwill trust was found to be the most significant aspect that builds long-term E-I relationship quality. Secondly, the findings show that calculative approach (e.g. commitment based on cost and benefits) is a mainstream type of commitment between exporters and importers. However, a personalised tie between the exchange partners has a positive influence on commitment, resulting in the affective commitment to E-I relationship. Thirdly, in a collaborative business partnership, decision-makers emphasise information exchange and coordinating actions for taking strategic decisions, which are informed by the feedback recived in their collaboration. In addition, the study finds that political instability negatively moderates the link of competence trust and information exchange on export performance satisfaction. Theoretical, managerial and policy implications of these findings are discussed and areas for future research are proposed.

This thesis is dedicated to currently a very important and topical theme; it is an entering of foreign company into the Russian market. The work is divided into two parts. In the first, the author deals with the theoretical approach to the issue. In the second part of the work the author describes activities of CineStar on the Czech market. After that the author is explaining the choice of market entry, it was the following ways: greenfield investment, business with a partner, franchising and merger. In the last chapter the author explaining other issues - it was a marketing and management. This part should serve as a form of proposals for other companies that are thinking about doing business in the Russian market. The aim of this thesis is to describe the entry of CineStar into the Russian market with a focus on the choice of entering. The central research question was following: CineStar company is really worth to enter the Russian market. The author worked in her work with Russian and Czech resources.

Nos últimos anos a participação do Brasil no mercado externo vem avançando de forma constante, especialmente no competitivo setor de frutas frescas. Diante disso, entender como a imagem do produto importado é percebida pelo público-alvo no exterior é um dos pré-requisitos para que a oferta seja destacada entre os concorrentes. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é estudar o posicionamento das frutas brasileiras, comparativamente à concorrência internacional, do ponto de vista do consumidor estrangeiro. Neste estudo exploratório foram aplicados questionários on-line em universidades da Holanda, principal país europeu importador de frutas frescas brasileiras, totalizando 112 respondentes. Os dados foram trabalhados com ferramentas estatísticas, destacando-se a análise de correspondência, que permitiu construir mapas perceptuais relacionando tipos de frutas frescas e atributos com quatro países de origem. A Costa Rica mostrou ser o concorrente direto do Brasil no segmento de frutas tropicais, enquanto que a África do Sul concorre com o Chile por maçãs e uvas. A banana, e atributos de primeiro impacto como aparência, sabor, nutrição e marca foram associados ao Brasil, sugerindo haver um posicionamento de atratividade. Contudo, outros atributos importantes, como preço e segurança relacionaram-se, respectivamente, com Costa Rica e África do Sul. Consumidores de mais idade aparentaram valorizar as responsabilidades ambiental e social, mostrando que elas podem ser trabalhadas pela fruticultura brasileira para aumentar a confiabilidade da oferta e sua participação de mercado no exterior. / In recent years, Brazil\'s share in the international market comes advancing constantly, especially in the competitive fresh fruit segment. One of the prerequisites for a product to stand out among other similar goods in the foreign market relies on understanding how this product is perceived by the target. Accordingly, the goal of the present work is to analyze the positioning of Brazilian fruits, compared to international competitors, from the consumer\'s perspective. In this exploratory study, an online survey was developed and applied to 112 subjects in universities of Holland, main import country of Brazilian fruits. Data were subjected to statistical interpretation, and correspondence analysis allowed the development of perceptual maps correlating types of fresh fruits and attributes to four countries of origin. Costa Rica emerged as Brazil\'s chief competitor in the tropical fruits segment, while South Africa and Chile share the market of fruits such as apples and grapes. Bananas, and first impact attributes such as appearance, flavor, nutrition and brand were associated to Brazil, suggesting to exist a positioning of attractiveness. However, other important attributes, namely price and safety were correlated with Costa Rica and South Africa, respectively. Older consumers displayed awareness in terms of environmental and social responsibility, which shows that they could be specifically addressed in order to increase the offer\'s trustworthiness and the participation of Brazilian fruits in the international market.

Over the years so many academic literatures has revealed that increased number of firms have seen internationalization as a means to gain and sustain competitive advantage and even increase economic of scale, and this has led many western companies to emerging markets. In this paper we discovered that among the pool of Swedish firms, only the MNEs have seen Nigerian market attractive to internationalize to, but just a few of the Swedish SMEs has expanded to the Nigerian market. This research was conducted by doing a qualitative study with the use of phenomenological research approach, during our investigation on the functions of intermediaries in Swedish SMEs internationalization to Nigeria market.Furthermore, we were able to understand the importance and functions of the different marketing intermediaries’ in Swedish SMEs internationalization to Nigeria market. These intermediaries equip the Swedish firms with the required objective knowledge of the Nigerian market, updating them with recent development of the opportunities and threats involved in the Nigerian marketing environment, and linking these Swedish firms to the required government departments, distributors, agent/broker, customers, middle men etc, thereby impacting them with the experiential knowledge. Moreover, it is important for firms to have objective or pre-market knowledge of a particular market before entering that market, but this knowledge is regarded as non-helpful knowledge to firms. But the experiential knowledge is acquired over time in the market, which is regarded as the helpful knowledge. It is evident that the intermediaries equip these firms with both objective and experiential knowledge.Although the opportunities in some emerging markets are very attractive, but the threats in these markets are other factors firms also put into consideration before internationalizing to these markets. This is why thorough market research has to be done so that firms can create effective marketing strategies when they want to expand their marketing activities to emerging markets. Despite the risk and uncertainties involved in doing business in foreign countries, still yet companies selling global products do not have any choice than to internationalize their marketing operations.

In this thesis we investigated the differences and similarities between a big and a small Swedish firms’ market entry process into Japan. This was done by studying the two chosen companies, IKEA and Haglöfs respectively. We conducted our research using a case study collecting data from primary and secondary sources. The primary data was collected by using a semi-structured interview approach while the secondary data has been collected through searching for relevant sources. We concluded that the main similarities between IKEA and Haglöfs were the firms’ extensive use of network relationships in the Japanese market, were both utilized employees with Japanese market knowledge. The main differences, on the other hand, were mainly the enthusiasm shown from actors, such as governors, consumers and municipalities, that actively encouraged IKEA’s market entry. The scope of the entries was also different, with the size of the IKEA product catalogue and the construction of stores requiring more governmental approvals and lengthy processes. IKEA’s extensive international experience gained from earlier market entries were also something which set the two entries apart.

In this thesis was analysed the prodecure during the import rathan goods from Socialist Republic of Vietnam and Indonesia to the Czech Republic. To alternate targets belonged comparison of the import from the countries of The European Union and from other countries from all over the world. Other alternate target was optimalisation of supply structure of organisation and suggestions of an implementation.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse conditions under which a chosen company enters a foreign market, to undertake research of forms of co-operation of the company in foreign countries and to propose possibilities for development and co-operation with business partners. For this thesis I have chosen the company FMP Lignum, a firm specialising in production and sale of block boards and furniture, the registered seat of which is in Humpolec. For the time being their prevailing business activities are on the Czech market, but co-operation with foreign companies is gradually thriving.

The aim of this thesis is to determine possibilities and conditions for extending the concept of franchising in the foregn market and develop a project of establishment of the chain process in the selected country. For the practical part I addressed Czech franchising chain. First, I analyzed the conditions for its extension chain and then I analyzed the conditions for entry to the selected country. In the last part I elaborated a project proposal for the entry of franchising chain Švejk restaurant to the Slovak republic.