Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 241-258). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

In a democratic society, apart from the three public institutions --- the executives, the legislatives,and the judiciary, journalism is regarded as the Fourth Estate. Among all of the mass media, television broadcasting is deemed as the most powerful and influential medium. Since 1945, the ownership of the three major electronic media in Taiwan had been substantially under the Kuomintang government's control and manipulated de facto by the KMT party. Under such circumstances, the electronic media were factually manipulated as an ideological propaganda tool of an authoritarian regime by the KMT, the ruling party. With its political monopoly over the television broadcasting harshly criticized by the public and the opposition ¡Vthe Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). Government Information Office of the Executive Yuan yielded to the request for deregulation by consenting to loosen its grasp of the frequency spectrum foranother television station, the Formosa Television, went on air in June 1997, marking a milestone in Taiwan's broadcasting evolution and generating one controversy after another since the inception. In the current study, two research approaches are adapted. Firstly, from the standpoint of political competition, contextual analysis is applied to analyze the association between local electronic media's evolution and the the transition of democracy in Taiwan. Secondly, based on the findings and insights from the first approach, a case study on FTV is conducted to further assess the significance of the FTV¡¦s text and manufacture culture along with the media effect on social experience. Regarding methodology, the historical approach serves to ground the analysis of the television broadcasting development while qualitative research is employed to evaluate the case study, out of which first-hand information as well as perspectives are obtained through field observation and in-depth interviews with the managers and executives of the television station. The thesis asserted here is that the ownership of the FTV does not belong to the DPP for the simple reason that its shareholders consist of varied kinds of investors. Nonetheless, the structure of the ownership is marked by the dominance of two non-official entities, the DPP and DPP-afffiliated law-makers. As a natural result of the will of its major shareholders, FTV's board members tend likely to be officials of the DPP party or its designated representatives. This is why FTV is generally referred to as a propaganda arm of the DPP. One of the major findings suggests that FTV has since its inception set as its priority the raising of competitive edge against the three KMT controlled television networks (TTV, CTV, CTS). In fact, in their practical operations, two major indices for performance evaluation are turned to the prime-time news reporting and the ratings. Underlying the fierce competition are considerations for ideological dominance and advertising revenues. As it turns out, the political ideology of FTV owners parallels the marketing strategy of the professional executives. Due to an emphasis upon native-orientated programming, FTV has enjoyed a strategic advantage over the other three networks in terms of market appeal and division. The study appreciates that the FTV's endeavors to break through the monopoly of the KMT-controlled networks, thus redressing the over-due biased reports on political issues and positively contributing to the pluralistic perspectives of a dynamic island democracy. However, in the meantime, ideological intervention by the ownership in the production and distribution of the programming is detected. Sepecifically, in assuming the responsibility for maintaining the impartiality of journalism and the self-appointed role of "power balancer", FTV finds its equally tempting to pursue revenues and profits for the sake of the electronic media's own survival and continuous development. As a result of interactions between political power intrusion and the commercial profit motive, television broadcasting in Taiwan has never been treated as an independent, ideally performing public domain in which public interests take precedence over political ideology and commercial proprietary rights. As Taiwan is marching at full speed toward a fully democratic state, it is worthwhile to reposition the Formosa Television as a substantive player in the process while objectively assessing the extent to which television is capable of solidifying the achievement of democracy in Taiwan. In its analyses, this research discerns that FTV had been perceived as an opposition party's TV station instead of a genuine nonpartisan mass media ever since its inception. With the DPP in power after the presidential victory in March 2000, FTV is now criticized as an official organ of the new government. So it is proposed that FTV take aggressive actions during the post-election, critical period to resolve the general misunderstanding, impartiality and objectivity being the most essential elements of the reengineering work. Grounded on a firm belief in the unbiased and yet facilitative role of journalism as the Fourth Estate, the study in its final assessment presents concluding assertions: 1. Media should sustain the inallenable right of supervision over government. 2. The ruling principles of objectivity and impartiality should not be compromised or vary from regime to regime. 3. Political parties and politicians should refrain from employing media as a personal or propaganda tool. 4. Mass media should serve as an arena equally accessible to citizens where public issues and interests are explored and strengthened in support of the democratization of Taiwan.

A study was made of single wood samples from 35 species (27 genera and 16 families) of important Taiwan timbers. Results have been compared with information published by Kanehira in 1921 (30) and others (31, 44). The anatomy of these woods is described in detail. A key based on microscopic features is included for identification. Descriptions follow standard terms of the International Association of Wood Anatomists Two of the coniferous species, Pinus armandi Franch. and Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum., and nine hardwood species Carpinus kawakamii Hay., Quercus gilva B1., Quercus longinux Hay., Cinnamomum camphora Nees., Cinnamomum randaiensis Hay., Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne., Gordonia axillaris (Don.) Szysz., Trochodendron aralioides S. et Z., and Trema orientalis B1. had features similar to those reported (30, 31, 44). Seven hardwood species, Alnus formosana (Burkill.) Makino., Quercus stenophylloides Hay., Engelhardtia formosana Hay., Beilschmiedia erythrophloia Hay., Cinnamomum micranthum Hay., Zelkova formosana Hay., and Tectona grandis Linn, f. showed different anatomical features from those recorded by Kanehira (30) and Kribs (31). No previous description of wood anatomy has been found for seventeen species including Tsuga chinensis (French.) Pritz., Cunninghamia konishii Hay., Libocedrus formosana Hay., Chamaecyparis taiwanensis Masam. et Suzuk., Scheffera octophylla (Lour.) Harms., Castanopsis longicaudata Hay., Castanopsis stipitata Hay., Lithocarpus amygdalifolia Hay., Actinodaphne nantoensis Hay., Machilus arisanensis Hay., Machilus pseudolongifolia Hay., Machilus zuihoensis Hay., Cassia siamia Lam., Michelia formosana Mas., lllicium leucanthum Hay., Schima superba Gard. et Champ, and Ternstroemia gymnanthera Spr. All species treated in this study are described in more detail than occurs in past records. Mass grouping of longitudinal parenchyma appears as a normal feature of Cunninghamia konishii Hay. This type of parenchyma distribution could be a taxonomic feature of Cunninghamia not previously described in the literature. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

Riccardo Formosa has been identified as being an important and widely recognised young Australian composer. Formosa's possession of a sophisticated composition technique is central to his approach to composition and to his reputation among contemporary composers. Vertigo: Riccardo Formosa's Composition Technique aims to define the composition technique employed by Formosa. It does so by analysing the works from a number of clearly defined perspectives. The study proceeds firstly through a description of the works as a whole and their relationship to the composer’s personal history. Secondly, the note-to-note operations Formosa has employed are reassembled through a detailed examination of the scores. Thirdly, an assessment is made of the function of the various techniques within the musical texture. Lastly, a number of comparisons are made between Formosa’s work and the work of his compositional models. The study concludes that Formosa’s works show evidence of a composition technique operating effectively on different levels. The note-to-note processes, simple in themselves, are multiplied to form a complex counterpoint. On both the note-to-note level and the relationship between larger sections of the works, the controlling factor was found to be one of ‘binary expression’ in the form of symmetry or complementarity, a compositional aesthetic also held by Formosa's teacher. Franco Donatoni.

In the past few years, due to the global economic recession, the structure of Taiwan media has been changed dramatically. Since the advertising have decreased year by yea and opening of the media market, the world's major media including newspapers¡Bmagazines¡Bradio and television all need to face the pressure of the environmental changed. According to the latest statistics, the advertising revenue of domestic cable TV has especially reduced in the past two years, from 5.038 billion in 2007 down sharply to 5.08 billion in 2008. Even though the challenges, the media still attempt to use new strategy with positive attitude to against harsh environment. For example, there was a newspaper company whcih planning exhibitions through the strategic alliance to create new revenue. Furthermore, the television media try to use the strategy of integrated marketing communication¡]IMC¡^ to increase revenue or change income structure in stead of declining advertising revenue. However, Formosa Television¡]FTV¡^is a good case to show the income steadily through IMC strategy even then decreased of advertisement. We have found that the proportion of advertising revenue up 90% of total revenue in 1997. However, after the changed of business policy, the advertising revenue has been reduced to 60%. Other 40% revenue comes from merchandise¡Bcopyright and integrated marketing. This thesis takes FTV cultural foundation as the case study and try to find out how FTV increased revenue through by internal resources¡Bmultiple communication and innovative products. Meanwhile¡Athe study also analyzes how FTV use IMC tools such as advertising, promotion, personal selling, direct marketing, public relations to change the overall revenue structure and improve the profit. In conclusion, we would like to realize the management of media and provide new strategy for reference.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos, 2015. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-02-17T19:31:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_JuanPabloCatamuscaySalazar.pdf: 3560368 bytes, checksum: 32ee068f26c8da8131b01013c328c1d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marília Freitas(marilia@bce.unb.br) on 2016-05-26T17:46:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_JuanPabloCatamuscaySalazar.pdf: 3560368 bytes, checksum: 32ee068f26c8da8131b01013c328c1d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-26T17:46:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_JuanPabloCatamuscaySalazar.pdf: 3560368 bytes, checksum: 32ee068f26c8da8131b01013c328c1d7 (MD5) / Nesta pesquisa foi aplicada uma metodologia para analisar a dinâmica ambiental no uso e cobertura do solo tomando como caso de estudo o Município de Formosa (GO). Inicialmente, foi realizada uma análise multitemporal do uso e cobertura do solo, por meio de processamento digital de imagens de sensores remotos embarcados nos satélites Landsat 5 e 8. A mesma produziu mapas temáticos para os anos de 1988, 1998, 2007 e 2010. A partir dessa análise multitemporal de uso e cobertura do solo, foi avaliado o efeito das transformações acontecidas na configuração da paisagem ao longo desse período de 22 anos e determinou-se um cenário futuro do uso do solo, com representação cartográfica, baseado na tendência histórica do período analisado. Em seguida, a partir dessas mudanças ocorridas no uso e na cobertura do solo, decorrentes do processo de ocupação antrópica, e por meio de algoritmos de geoprocessamento, a partir das informações fisiográficas da área de estudo, foi realizada uma avaliação multicritério baseada em análise hierárquica de processos (AHP) para se determinar a vulnerabilidade ambiental. Essa última mostrou que a área onde foi aplicada a metodologia de análise da dinâmica ambiental no uso e cobertura do solo vem apresentando uma pressão antrópica crescente, produzindo impactos ambientais diversos na ocupação do espaço urbano. Para essas áreas, foi realizada a modelagem ambiental com elaboração de cenários prospectivos de uso e cobertura do solo para os anos de 2015 e 2020 por meio do software DINAMICA EGO. Esses cenários prospectivos mostraram que as mudanças observadas no período de estudo tornam obsoleto o Plano Diretor municipal e indica uma acentuada transformação na conformação da paisagem da área de estudo devido ao contínuo desmatamento, ao incremento da agricultura mecanizada e às amplias áreas de crescimento urbano desordenado, polinucleado, em prejuízo de áreas de cerrado. / This research applied a methodology to analyze the environmental dynamics in the use and land cover taking the municipality of Formosa (GO) as a case study. Initially a multi-temporal analysis of use and land cover was performed through digital images processing of remote sensors embedded in the Landsat satellite 5 and 8. This analysis produced thematic maps for the years 1988, 1998, 2007 and 2010. From this multi-temporal analysis of use and land cover, the effects of the changes taken place in the landscape configuration over this period of 22 years were evaluated and a future scenario of land use mapping based on the historical trend of the analyzed period years was determined. Then, from these changes in land use and land cover resulting from human occupation process and through geo-processing algorithms from the physiographic information of the study area, a multi-criteria evaluation based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was executed to determine the environmental vulnerability. The latter showed that the area where it was applied the methodology of analysis of demographic dynamics in the use and land cover has been showing an increasing human pressure, producing several environmental impacts in the occupation of urban space. For these areas was carried out environmental modeling with development of prospective scenarios of use and land cover for the years 2015 and 2020 through DINAMICA EGO software. These future scenarios showed that the changes observed during the study period make obsolete the Municipal Director Plan and indicates a marked change in the landscape of conformation of the study area due to the continuing deforestation, the increase of mechanized agriculture and areas of urban sprawl at the expense of savanna areas.

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2018-01-24T17:58:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação p publicação (1).pdf: 4474480 bytes, checksum: 0998d0b1943abf91f1c93aa9d1789790 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T17:58:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação p publicação (1).pdf: 4474480 bytes, checksum: 0998d0b1943abf91f1c93aa9d1789790 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-23 / FACEPE / As zonas costeiras são áreas de fundamental importância, desde o processo de colonização até os dias atuais. Estas regiões são extremamente complexas e dinâmicas, ocorrendo diariamente à atuação de diversos elementos da natureza. As ações antrópicas geram diversos problemas nessas áreas, tornando-as ambientes fragilizados. Grandes concentrações de edificações, tais como portos, condomínios, estradas, diques, entre outros, no domínio do litoral, sobre dunas e pós-praia, agridem a paisagem, e contribuem para o aumento do déficit de sedimentos e, por conseguinte, a erosão. O conjunto de fatores condicionantes que atuam no litoral do estado da Paraíba proporciona características ambientais diversas. Inserida na porção norte do litoral do Estado da Paraíba a orla marítima do município de Cabedelo, possui formas que resultantes da interação da dinâmica dos processos marinhos, através do oceano atlântico de um lado, e do outro lado, da dinâmica fluvial, por meio do Rio Paraíba. A área de estudo se encontra inserida na porção do litoral da cidade de Cabedelo, na praia de Formosa. De modo que o estudo possui como principal objetivo compreender o processo erosivo que ocorre na praia de Formosa a partir do uso e ocupação da linha de costa, através da caracterização morfodinâmica desta área. A determinação da localização dos perfis foi predefinida por uma observação do uso e ocupação da porção litorânea. Foram selecionadas três localidades ao longo do trecho, adotando como referencial a grande mobilidade e a construção de edificações na linha de costa. Sendo realizadas medições topográficas (mês-a-mês) e coleta de sedimento (estação chuvosa, estação seca e duas intermitentes), no período entre Abril de 2014 a Abril de 2015. Após análise dos dados, foi possível observar nos três pontos monitorados que a zona da pós-praia é a que mais ocorre dinâmica, enquanto nas outras duas porções quase não se notam modificação. Na granulometria, ficou perceptível que na porção de pós-praia e praia são compostos por areia fina, na antepraia nos pontos 1 e 2 é composto de areia muito fina, e no ponto 3 há uma variação de média a muito fina. / Coastal zone are areas of fundamental importance, since the process of colonization to the present day. These regions are extremely complex and dynamic, occurring daily to the performance of various elements of nature. Human actions generate many problems in these areas, making them fragile environments. Large concentrations of buildings, such as ports, condos, roads, dykes, among others, in the area of the coast over dunes and backshore, attack the landscape, and contribute to increase the deficit of sediments and therefore erosion. The set of conditioning factors that operate in the state of Paraiba coast it provides various environmental features. To the northern portion of the State of Paraíba coast the coastline of the city of Cabedelo, it has shapes that result from the interaction dynamics of marine processes, through the Atlantic Ocean on one side, and on the other side of the river dynamics, through the Rio Paraiba. The study area is inserted in the coastal portion of the city of Cabedelo. Under this view, the study has main objective is to understand the process erosion occurring on the beach in Formosa from the use and occupation of the coastline through the morphodynamic characterization of this area. The determination of the location of the profiles was defined by an observation of the use and occupation of the coastal portion. We selected three locations along the stretch, taking as reference the great mobility and the construction of buildings on the coast line. Being carried out topographical measurements (month-to-month), and sediment sampling (rainy season, dry season and two blinking), in the period from April 2014 to April 2015. After analyzing the data, it was possible observe the three points monitored the area of backshore zone is the one that is dynamic, while the other two portions hardly noticeable modification. In granulometry, was perceived that in backshore and foreshore portion are composed of fine sand, shoreface in points 1 and 2 it is composed of very fine sand, and point 3 there is an average of variation very thin.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T00:16:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_2700_Viviane Lucas Silva Mansur Xavier.pdf: 1251808 bytes, checksum: 026586d5c0ced4d6c87a7448d868fd77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-14 / RESUMO O processamento mínimo é uma forma de oferecer um produto fresco e de consumo imediato. Desta forma foram realizados estudos ligados às respostas fisiológicas, bioquímicas e microbiológicas de mamão e abacaxi minimamente processados, a fim de manter a qualidade do produto e aumentar sua vida de prateleira. Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos. Avaliou-se as qualidades físicas e químicas do mamão Formosa e do abacaxi Pérola minimamente processado, submetido a diferentes tipos de agentes sanitizantes: o controle, com Ca(OCl)2 , radiado com luz ultravioleta e com NaOCl. Ao final, foram acondicionados em embalagens de PP (52μm) armazenados em estufa tipo BOD. A cada dois dias foram realizadas as seguintes análises para os experimentos: sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), pH, perda de matéria fresca (PMF), relação SS/AT, análises microbiológicas, vitamina C e atividade da pectinametilesterase (PME). No último dia, para um experimento com mamão, o teste de preferência. Para o processamento mínimo de mamão, no geral, as características físicas e químicas foram mantidas ideais para consumo, os agentes sanitizantes foram eficientes para o controle microbiológico e o tratamento com Ca(OCl)2 retardou a senescência dos frutos. No processamento mínimo de abacaxi Pérola o tratamento com radiação ultravioleta não foi recomendado, pois o mesmo altera bruscamente o metabolismo dos frutos, todos os agentes sanitizantes foram recomendados para o controle microbiológico por 6 dias independente da temperatura e no estádio de maturação. Os frutos trabalhados não apresentaram atividade da pectinametilesterase. PALAVRA CHAVE: processamento mínimo; mamão Formosa; abacaxi Pérola; sanitização; vida de prateleira.

We present the first fossil record of Procyon cancrivorus (Cuvier, 1798) for Argentina. Specimen PVE-F 44 (first lower molar) was exhumed from levels assignable to the Late Pleistocene (Lujanian) in the coastal cliffs of the Bermejo river in the vicinity of Villa Escolar, Formosa (26°36'S, 58°40 W). This is also the first South American record of Procyon with accurate stratigraphic provenance, since previous records from Brazil lack stratigraphic context. Procyonids are represented in South America by five living genera (Bassaricyon Allen, Nasuella Hollister, Potos Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Cuvier, Procyon Storr and Nasua Storr). Of these, only Procyon and Nasua have paleontological records (Late Pleistocene-Holocene) in Brazil, Uruguay and Bolivia. The results of geometric and traditional morphometric analyses comparing specimen PVE-F 44 with the two known Procyon species (P. cancrivorus and P. lotor) indicates the specimen belongs to the South American species P. cancrivorus. In addition, the associated palaeofauna is composed by intertropical (e.g., Holmesina paulacoutoi) and pampean-patagonian elements (e.g., Megatherium, Toxodon, Glyptodon, Pampatherium typum).

Tea is used to be Taiwan¡¦s primary exchange-earning product. And the way Taiwan tea develops further establishes the steadfast position for Taiwan tea leave in Oolong-tea market. From the aspect of section specialization, Taiwan tea is good in quality, equipped with potential competence, thus, worth cultivating. However, as long as open market is concerned, tea leave also suffers from high producing cost as other agrarian products; even harvested by machine and given up the outlook to reduce the cost, it still can¡¦t compete with import tea leave in price matter. Compared with former similar research, the breakthrough of this research is that it mainly focuses on tea runner¡¦s operational strategy analysis as well as the choice from scenario analysis. With economic globalization makes consumers¡¦ choice tend to be diverse as well as the importance of the manager facing the consumer in the first hand in the supply chain also increases with time, the effective strategy not only benefits the company runner, but also secures the profits of producers, further indirectly brings industrial stabilization. The environmental change by economic globalization, such as world trade organization, ECFA, which is the change in trade condition, will bring acute variation in the short run. The function which analyses the past data to evaluate change in the future is limited; therefore, the research is conducted through qualitative scenario analysis to analyze the tea market from the external condition. The research intends to cut in from the tea-runner¡¦s perspective. Through the process of scenario analysis, selecting the three external key factors based on strategic dimension that affects tea-runners: customer demand, supply management, policy and environment inclination, as well as the fifteen driving factors that influence dimension, it integrates and induces the two possible scenario of the uncertain axial structure: the situation of imported tea leave, and the difference in tea leave between Taiwan and China, which has impact on operational change in the future. Through deep interview, it¡¦s discovered that most of the managers believe that the development of Taiwan tea in the future lies in China¡¦s demand, but lack of effective method on grasping the business from Chinese¡¦s free travel. The research holds that the corporate runners should promote their reputation through Taiwanese businessmen and military dependents as an access to enter China market. In the scenario of continuing the recent status, the three strategies are suggested: expand the export affair in domestic retail, diversify in management, and specialize in management. As for the scenario of open challenge, it¡¦s advised that manager should rectify the name of Taiwan tea in China. And in the scenario of failure in export, diversify in management is recommended to tackle with this situation.