Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:02:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo8265_1.pdf: 1167154 bytes, checksum: 062411dd88472c35142876240cd72444 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O presente trabalho é uma contribuição para o conhecimento da comunidade fitoplanctônica em escala espaço-temporal em praias da Região Metropolitana do Recife, litoral sul de Pernambuco, Brasil. Amostras foram coletadas no período chuvoso (maio, junho e julho/2005) e de estiagem (novembro, dezembro/2005 e janeiro/2006), nas praias de Brasília Formosa, Boa Viagem e Piedade, com rede de plâncton de 45 μm e garrafa. Foram obtidos dados ambientais como: profundidade local, temperatura da água, salinidade, pH, material em suspensão, oxigênio dissolvido, percentual de saturação, sais nutrientes (nitrito, nitrato, fosfato e silicato), temperatura do ar, precipitação pluviométrica, velocidade e direção do vento. Dos 124 táxons identificados, Bacillariophyta tiveram maior representatividade, seguido por Dinophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta e Chrysophyta. As diatomáceas Asterionellopsis glacialis, Bellerochea malleus, Dactyliosolen fragilissimus, Heliotheca thamensis e Licmophora abbreviata foram as mais representativas indicando uma capacidade de adaptação ao ambiente podendo ser classificadas como espécies oportunistas. As condições ambientais próprias de cada período sazonal alteraram a composição específica, densidade total e clorofila a, sendo o período de estiagem que melhor refletiu esta situação. Apesar dos florescimentos esporádicos do fitoplâncton ocorrido na área, a morfologia e dinâmica deste ecossistema contribui para ausência de acumulações com formação de manchas de diatomáceas ao longo deste setor da costa da Região Metropolitana do Recife

Several species‐specific proteins have been identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of skeletal muscle extracts from the diploid gynogen, Poecilia formosa, its related triploid unisexuals, and their sympatric, bisexual species, P. mexicana and P. latipinna. These water‐soluble, low molecular weight proteins (7,000‐13,000) comigrate with a fraction of purified rabbit parvalbumin on nondenaturing gels and show staining properties similar to rabbit parvalbumins. The electrophoretic patterns of these muscle proteins provide a set of distinctive phenotypic markers for each of the host species involved in naturally occurring breeding complexes with P. mexicana × P. latipinna show no evidence of sexual dimorphisms. Furthermore, the hybrid phenotypes are those that would be predicted from appropriate combinations of parental alleles at three gene loci. The patterns found by PAGE for several generations of pedigreed stocks of P. formosa show strictly matroclinous inheritance of a characteristic muscle protein phenotype and coupled with the electrophoretic patterns of several enzymic proteins reflect the probable hybrid origin of this diploid unisexual. Finally, paternal contributions by P. mexicana to the hybrid genome of triploid unisexuals are clearly demonstrated by comparative analyses of muscle protein phenotypes for P. formosa and its contemporary host species. Our identification of distinctive phenotypic markers in the muscle proteins of several poeciliid species involved in unisexual‐bisexual breeding complexes provides an important new tool for further studies on the adaptive significance of unisexuality, hybridization, and fixed heterozygosity in the evolutionary biology of these fishes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-12-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:04:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 giannoni_ja_dr_botfca.pdf: 416586 bytes, checksum: 823a84b7d402557839873c28c91f8b12 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo utilizar diferentes doses de irradiação gama sobre frutos de mamão 'Formosa' (Carica papaya L.) pré-cortados e refrigerados, visando facilitar as etapas do processamento mínimo e o consumo, além de encontrar a dose ideal de irradiação que proporcione total segurança alimentar com relação aos microrganismos, ampliando, desta forma, o período de vida útil dos frutos e mantendo as características de qualidade. Todo o processamento do mamão até a embalagem foi executado na Empresa Verde Limpo, situada em Botucatu/SP. Os frutos já embalados foram irradiados na Companhia Brasileira de Esterilização (CBE), em Jarinú/SP. As doses aplicadas foram 0,0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8 e 1,0kGy. Após a irradiação os frutos minimamente processados foram armazenados à temperatura de 9 l 1ºC e umidade relativa de 90 l 5% durante nove dias. As avaliações foram a cada dois dias, exceto as análises microbiológicas que foram nos 1º, 5º e 9º dias de conservação. As alterações na qualidade pós-colheita foram detectadas por meio das seguintes análises: perda de massa fresca (PMF), aparência, textura, acidez titulável (AT), pH, sólidos solúveis (SS), vitamina C, açúcares totais (A.Totais) e redutores (AR), sacarose (S), pectinas total (PT) e solúvel (PS), enzimas poligalacturonase (PG) e pectina metilesterase (PME), análise sensorial (cor, aroma, textura e sabor), índice de doenças e conservação pós-colheita. Para as análises microbiológicas foram identificadas bactérias aeróbicas (mesófilas e psicrotróficas), fungos (leveduras e bolores) e coliformes (totais e fecais). O delineamento estatístico empregado foi DIC inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições por tratamento, utilizando o programa SISVAR® e teste de Scott-Knott ao nível de 5% de significância... / The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of gamma irradiation on 'Formosa' papaya fresh-cut fruits (Carica papaya L.), stored under refrigeration, in order to facilitate the minimal processing stage and human consumption, finding ideal dose of irradiation that provides total nutritional safety against microorganisms, enlarging fruit shelf life and sustaining quality characteristics. Processing till packing of papaya was executed in Verde Limpo Enterprise, situated on Botucatu/SP. Packing fruits were irradiated on Companhia Brasileira de Irradiação (CBE), placed at Jarinú/SP. Used dose were 0,0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; and 1.0kGy. After irradiation, the fruits were stored under temperatures of 48.2ºF l 33.8ºF and relative humidity of 90 l 5%, during 9 days and appraised each 2 days. Evaluations were performed each two days, except microbiological analysis, carried up on 1st, 5th and 9th days of conservation. Changes in postharvest quality were detected in the following analysis: loss of fresh weight (LFW), appearance, firmness, titratable acidity (TA), pH, total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C, total reducer sugars (TRS), reducer sugar (RS), sucrose (S), total pectin (TP), soluble pectin (SP), activity of polygalacturonase (aPG) and pectin methyl esterase (aPME), sensorial analysis (color, aroma, firmness and flavor), disease index and postharvest conservation. Microbiological analysis was performed to identify aerobic bacteria (mesophilic and psychrotrophic), fungi (yeasts and moulds) and coliforms (total and fecal). Data were analyzed according to a completely randomized design, with 4 repetitions per treatment, using SISVAR™ program and Scott-Knottþs test at 5% level of significance. Based on results obtained, it was observed that appearance, color, TA, TP and aPME were significantly improved by gamma irradiation at 0.6kGy...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosJCL.pdf: 3613011 bytes, checksum: 529be5694f24f5ff1eee5319abc8259b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-09-28 / The urban expansion problem of Ba?a Formosa, a southern edge city of de Rio Grande do Norte eastern coast, which has been presented in other coast Brazilian towns, specially on those with tourist activities increase. Therefore, this situation brings huge concerns to their inhabitants, to their technical /scientific community and to the governments, because of the conflicts of interest and of the growth of urban problems that this has been created. At Ba?a Formosa, the situation is aggravated because the city is confined, once around it, there are large private proprieties, environmental preservation area and the sea, at the eastern edge. The objectives of this study are the analyses of this city expansion process in order to obtain adequate alternatives and defining methodology to apply in other urban nucleus that are subjected to similar situations. Of course, presents social relations, environmental conditions and promoting local population insertion should be considered in order that enjoin this process and contributing to a better social balance. This case study has used bibliography research, field data, maps and soil occupation recorders and photographs of the area, besides the primary data gathering by surveys carried out with many social actors. The present analysis shows that the urban expansion observed today is featured by a recent unsustainable model, which attacks the environment and brings either farm conflicts. On the other hand, the ecological tourism can represent an alternative in order to achieve an adequate expansion form, without forgetting the several structural parameters necessary to support the sustainable activities / A problem?tica da expans?o urbana de Ba?a Formosa, cidade situada no extremo sul do Litoral Oriental do Rio Grande do Norte, se apresenta no contexto da realidade observada atualmente nos munic?pios litor?neos brasileiros, em especial naqueles submetidos ao aumento da atividade tur?stica, e por isso tem trazido grandes preocupa??es aos seus habitantes, ? comunidade t?cnico/cient?fica e aos governantes, em face dos conflitos de interesses e da amplia??o dos problemas urbanos que tem gerado. Em Ba?a Formosa a situa??o ? agravada pelo fato de que a cidade ? confinada, por coexistirem, em seu entorno, extensas propriedades privadas, ?reas de preserva??o ambiental e o mar, em seu limite Leste. S?o objetivos deste estudo a an?lise do processo de expans?o urbana dessa cidade e as alternativas para que a organiza??o socioespacial de n?cleos urbanos submetidos a situa??es similares possa se dar de forma adequada, considerando as rela??es sociais existentes, os condicionantes naturais e a promo??o da inser??o da popula??o local, para que usufrua desse processo, de modo a contribuir para uma maior eq?idade social. Tratando-se de um estudo de caso utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliogr?fica, dados de campo, registros feitos em mapas do uso e ocupa??o do solo e fotografias da ?rea, al?m da coleta de dados prim?rios por meio de entrevistas feitas com v?rios atores sociais. A an?lise mostra que a expans?o urbana hoje observada ? caracterizada por um modelo insustent?vel, que al?m de recente, agride ao meio ambiente, traz conflitos fundi?rios, e ? at?pico, devido ao confinamento que a ?rea est? submetida, e que o ecoturismo, pode representar uma alternativa para que sua expans?o se d? de forma adequada, se observados os diversos par?metros de sustentabilidade da atividade

<p>Alternative stable states have been, based on theoretical findings, predicted to be common in ecological systems. Empirical data from a number of laboratory and natural studies strongly suggest that alternative stable states also occur in real populations, communities and ecosystems. Potential mechanisms involve population size-structure and food-dependent individual development. These features can lead to ontogenetic niche shifts, juvenile recruitment bottlenecks and emergent Allee effects; phenomena that establish destabilising positive feedbacks in a system and hence create alternative stable states.</p><p>I studied the consequences of population size-structure for community dynamics at different scales of system complexity. I performed laboratory and ecosystem experiments. Small poecilliid fishes and planktonic invertebrates with short generation times and life spans were used as model organisms. This allowed me to assess the long-term dynamics of the populations and communities investigated.</p><p>The main experimental results are: (a) An ontogenetic niche shift in individuals of the phantom midge <i>Chaoborus</i> made the population vulnerable to an indirect competitive recruitment bottleneck imposed by cladoceran mesozooplankton via rotifers. Consequentially the natural zooplankton food web exhibited two alternative attractors. (b) Body size determined the success of <i>Poecilia reticulata</i> invading resident population of <i>Heterandria formosa</i> and thus the type of alternative stable state that established. Small invaders were outcompeted by the residents, whereas large invaders excluded their competitor by predating on its recruits. (c) External juvenile and adult mortality altered the internal feedback structure that regulates a laboratory population of <i>H. formosa</i> in such a way that juvenile biomass increased with mortality. This biomass overcompensation in a prey population can establish alternative stable states with top-predators being either absent or present.</p><p>The major conclusion is that size-structure and individual growth can indeed lead to alternative stable states. The considerations of these ubiquitous features of populations offer hence new insights and deeper understanding of community dynamics. Alternative stable states can have tremendous consequences for human societies that utilise the ecological services provided by an ecological system. Understanding the effects of size-structure on alternative stability is thus crucial for sustainable exploitation or production of food resources.</p>

Alternative stable states have been, based on theoretical findings, predicted to be common in ecological systems. Empirical data from a number of laboratory and natural studies strongly suggest that alternative stable states also occur in real populations, communities and ecosystems. Potential mechanisms involve population size-structure and food-dependent individual development. These features can lead to ontogenetic niche shifts, juvenile recruitment bottlenecks and emergent Allee effects; phenomena that establish destabilising positive feedbacks in a system and hence create alternative stable states. I studied the consequences of population size-structure for community dynamics at different scales of system complexity. I performed laboratory and ecosystem experiments. Small poecilliid fishes and planktonic invertebrates with short generation times and life spans were used as model organisms. This allowed me to assess the long-term dynamics of the populations and communities investigated. The main experimental results are: (a) An ontogenetic niche shift in individuals of the phantom midge Chaoborus made the population vulnerable to an indirect competitive recruitment bottleneck imposed by cladoceran mesozooplankton via rotifers. Consequentially the natural zooplankton food web exhibited two alternative attractors. (b) Body size determined the success of Poecilia reticulata invading resident population of Heterandria formosa and thus the type of alternative stable state that established. Small invaders were outcompeted by the residents, whereas large invaders excluded their competitor by predating on its recruits. (c) External juvenile and adult mortality altered the internal feedback structure that regulates a laboratory population of H. formosa in such a way that juvenile biomass increased with mortality. This biomass overcompensation in a prey population can establish alternative stable states with top-predators being either absent or present. The major conclusion is that size-structure and individual growth can indeed lead to alternative stable states. The considerations of these ubiquitous features of populations offer hence new insights and deeper understanding of community dynamics. Alternative stable states can have tremendous consequences for human societies that utilise the ecological services provided by an ecological system. Understanding the effects of size-structure on alternative stability is thus crucial for sustainable exploitation or production of food resources.

A program for selecting the optimal wave conditions for morphodynamically accelerated simulations of coastal evolution (‘OPTIWAVE’) has been constructed using a novel Genetic Algorithm approach. The optimization routine iteratively reduces the complexity of an incident wave climate by removing the events that contribute least to a target sediment transport pattern, and then ‘evolving’ a new set of weights for the remaining wave conditions such that the target sediment transport pattern (and magnitude) is optimally maintained. The efficacy of OPTIWAVE to satisfactorily reduce the incident wave climate is tested against three coastal modeling paradigms of increasing complexity: (a) A simple 1-D beach profile model (no tides); (b) A 2-D micro-tidal beach; (c) A tidal inlet, where the interaction between waves, tides, and wave-current interaction, adds significant complexity. The simple test case for a beach profile shows that OPTIWAVE is successfully capable of maintaining a target profile-integrated long-shore sediment transport rate. The calculated skill and RMSE of the reduced wave climate is a good indicator of its ability to reproduce the target sediment transport pattern. The optimal number of wave conditions is identified by an ‘inflection point’ at a critical number of wave conditions, where less complex a wave climate results in substantially reduced skill (increased error). The assumption that the ability of OPTIWAVE to reproduce a target sediment transport field is a valid proxy for the potential skill of a morphologically accelerated simulation is assessed for the case of a 2D micro-tidal beach. The skill of the accelerated models, which use a state-of-the-art ‘event-parallel’ method of simulating bed evolution from multiple wave conditions in parallel, is tested against a ‘brute force’ reference simulation that considers the full wave forcing. A strong positive correlation is found between the skill of the reduced wave climate to reproduce a target sediment transport pattern, and the resultant skill of the accelerated morphodynamic model against the ‘brute force’ reference simulation. Finally, the ability to combine reduced wave and tide climates for simulations that must consider both wave and tidal forcing, is assessed against a ‘brute force’ reference simulation of the seasonal evolution Ancao inlet, Algarve, Portugal. The reference simulation is validated against a comprehensive field dataset collected in 1999, and is shown to qualitatively reproduce key features of inlet behavior over a seasonal period. The combination of reduced wave and tidal climates in accelerated ‘event-parallel’ models did not successfully reproduce the reference seasonal morphological evolution of Ancao inlet. Assessing the model Brier Skill Score showed that the model was more successful in reproducing the reference morphology in areas dominated by tidal forcing, but did not have any predictive power in regions where morphological evolution is due to some combination of both wave and tidal processes.

由於台灣外食人口的比例增加、國內連鎖業者的數量也逐年攀升，顯見台灣連鎖餐飲業的發展態勢良好，也代表產業的競爭程度日益加劇，各連鎖業者透過增加展店數量、加快展店速度，為的尌是要比競爭者更快搶到好的位置，藉此擴大規模、提高獲利，而在開每間店的過程中，從商圈的選擇不同、店址的選擇不同、店面的設計，再到門市的營運與管理不同，都會影響到門市的績效表現，因此，本研究從個案公司在展店與營運管理兩方面的策略考量開始談起，接著去分析兩者對於績效有何影響，最後再歸納出展店、營運、績效三者之間的關係。 本研究內容以連鎖餐飲業為研究方向，選擇國內較知名的中式連鎖業者作為個案研究對象，針對展店與營運兩部分設計訪談大綱。研究方法是以深度訪談為主、文獻探討為輔，藉以了解台灣連鎖餐飲業者在展店時的思維，以及展店與營運是如何影響一間店的成功。 本研究結果顯示，一間成功的門市，必頇開在符合公司需求的理想位址，搭配有效的營運管理，才能創造出良好的績效。當業者在進行商圈的選擇時，必頇確定目標客群在哪、考慮該區域是否符合產品特性，以及密切關注各地域的發展或變化，才能比競爭者更快地奪得先機，搶到好的位置，而在評估店址的時候，要知道目標客群的消費習性、評估跟競爭者之間的距離，以及正確評估該地址的租金、預期營收，以及租金占營收的比例等等是否符合公司的發展策略。此外，對連鎖業者來說，要成為一個成功的連鎖企業，其公司優勢務必要與產業關鍵成功因素相符合，且每間門市皆必頇與公司定位相符，最後尌是管理要確實，公司必頇訂定管理的指標且定期執行，還要讓門市與總部之間保持良好的溝通，才能讓每間門市的營運更加成功。

Societies in Hong Kong and Taiwan (Formosa) are not familiar with each as they are separate colonies taken by Britain and Japan respectively. This study explores a rare string linking the two communities through Wan-chu Lee and his son Nan-shong. Their evolving views on China reflect larger historical and social background on one hand and yet demonstrate agencies in choosing and forming individual choices regarding both political identities and postcolonial possibilities on other hand. In particular, their multiple views on China are full of individual judgments mediating among China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong as well as between global and regional forces.

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