Thesis (MAppSc in Physiotherapy) -- University of South Australia, 1994

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, August, 2003. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-122)

The peripheral vestibular membranous ducts that detect angular motion are contained within bony semicircular canals of mammalian petrosals. I investigated morphology and function in the three membranous semicircular ducts through measurements on the bony semicircular canals of 31 skeletonized skulls from different genera. While the prevailing theory of semicircular canal researchers is that the locomotor agility of extant and extinct mammals can be understood by measuring the size of the three bony semicircular canal arcs, I propose that there are important and quantifiable features other than the adult size of radius of curvature of the semicircular canal arc (R) that influence angular movement detection in mammals and perhaps in their ancestors. Initially, I sought to verify that there was no significant asymmetry of R across the study specimens. However, there was significant asymmetry in canal pair angles between contralateral sets: ipsilateral canal pair angles differed by up to 14◦, and contralateral synergistic angle pairs differed by up to 18◦. Canal pair contralateral differences were lower for specimens of more agile taxa. In addition, the angle between the left and right lateral canals varied by up to 27◦ from parallelism, so the use of the lateral bony canal in one petrosal to represent the horizontal animal resting position could result in significant skull orientation errors. I utilized a program to quantify the effects of canal plane non-orthogonality and to calculate a maximum rotational sensitivity axis for a given taxon. My results concur with earlier research indicating that canal orientation significantly affects the location of maximum rotational sensitivity axes in the head, and should be considered in future quantitative research. Finally, I determined the volumes of the subarcuate fossa and the petrosal lobule in three Monodelphis domestica animals (76 days postnatal) by utilizing both cranial and tissue volumes in fresh specimens. The petrosal lobule fills 93-97% of the Monodelphis domestica fossa, a greater volume than the 50% estimated by previous researchers. These results highlight the difficulties of using histologic or preserved specimens to make quantitative determinations of brain tissue volumes, and reopen the question of whether the subarcuate fossa volume provides a record of the agility for an extinct taxon. / text

The nasal turbinates of ungulates are complex bony scrolls within the nasal cavity. These intricate bony plates, covered by moist epithelium, provide a large surface area that facilitates a countercurrent exchange of both water and heat between turbinal lining and respired air. Given their functional importance, maxilloturbinate size and structural dimensions may vary among species of different body sizes, activity levels and from different habitats, and may also serve as a predictor of the ability of the species to cope with high temperatures or limiting water resources. This is the first study to measure nasal turbinate surface area in ungulates using high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scanning. Heads of eleven South African bovid species and one European bovid species were successfully scanned and surface area measurements made using stereological techniques. These species included Cape grysbok, springbuck, bushbuck, blesbok, impala, mountain reedbuck, fallow deer, kudu, nyala, gemsbok and blue wildebeest; and represent species of different body sizes, from a range of habitats and with different water dependencies and predator avoidance strategies. The total maxilloturbinate surface area increased with body size for all study species. The surface areas of the nasal turbinates varied rostrocaudally, with the highest surface area occurring approximately midway along the length of the maxilloturbinate bones. The Cape grysbok stood out as having a nasal turbinate surface area of 12.77 cm2/kg, which was lower than the observed trend, the reason for this not being clear from these data. Phylogenetic independent analyses showed that log body mass and water dependence had a significant effect on nasal turbinate surface area, with habitat, distributional range and anti-predator behaviour having no effect. Subsequent phylogenetic species comparisons showed that structural variations in nasal turbinate surface area were phylogeny based due to the close genetic relatedness of the study species, and not associated with any environmental factors. The environmentally linked results for water dependency need further investigation in future studies of larger sample sizes and a broader range of species. Changes in climatic conditions may impact on a species‟ activity patterns, with individuals being forced to make behavioural modifications rather than physiological or anatomical adjustments. However, there is no clear evidence to indicate large differences in nasal turbinate surface area in relation to water dependence. This subsequently rules out the use of nasal turbinate surface area as a predictor to which and how ungulate species will respond to increasing global temperatures.

In search of evidence for or against the endothermic dinosaur hypothesis, a recent study by Ruben et al. (1996) revealed that endotherms tend to have larger nasal cross-sectional areas than ectotherms of the same mass. The reason offered for this observation was that larger nasal passages are needed to house the complex respiratory turbinates possessed by endotherms. Whales were excluded from the study on the grounds that they have no nasal turbinates. In the present study, the cross-sectional area of the nasal passages of nine species of Odontoceti were measured by the use of latex casts. The regression of log cross-sectional area vs. log mass yielded the same line for the whales of the current study as for the endotherms of the previous study. Alternative explanations for the large nasal cross-sectional area of endotherms are sought.

Introdução: Os ependimomas são tumores gliais raros e compreendem o terceiro tumor do sistema nervoso central mais frequente na infância. Apesar dos avanços terapêuticos, cerca de 50% dos pacientes desenvolvem recidiva local e 40% dos pacientes vão ao óbito. Uma das causas do insucesso das terapias é a alta heterogeneidade do tumor e a inconsistência do diagnóstico histológico. Em 2015, foi publicada pela primeira vez a caracterização molecular de ependimomas, sendo descrito nove subgrupos tumorais com perfis clínicos, demográficos e moleculares distintos. Objetivo: Estabelecer e padronizar a classificação molecular em amostras de ependimomas pediátricos e correlacionar a classificação com dados clínicos dos pacientes. Casuística e Métodos: Foram estudados 65 casos de ependimomas, diagnosticados no período entre 2001 a 2016 e provenientes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto e de São Paulo e do Centro Infantil Boldrini-Campinas. Vinte e seis casos eram ependimomas supratentoriais, classificados com base na presença de fusões gênicas C11orf95-RELA, YAP1-MAMLD1 e YAP1-FAM118B utilizando RT-PCR seguida por sequenciamento de Sanger. Trinta e nove casos de fossa posterior foram classificados em Grupos A, B ou não A e B através do perfil de expressão proteica e gênica dos marcadores: LAMA2, NELL2 e TNC utilizando imuno-histoquímica e PCR quantitativo em tempo real, respectivamente. Resultados: Dentre os ependimomas supratentoriais foram identificadas três amostras primárias e cinco amostras recidivadas com presença de fusão RELA, média de idade de 7 anos (variação de 2,6-13,7 anos), predominância do sexo masculino e grau de ressecção cirúrgica completa. Já a fusão YAP1- MAMLD1 foi identificada em quatro casos, diagnosticados em crianças mais novas, média de idade de 0,9 anos (variação de 0,75-2 anos). Adicionalmente, foi encontrado um caso variante em ependimoma supratentorial, denominado fusão C11orf95-LOC-RELA. Dentre os casos de ependimoma de fossa posterior, foram identificadas 26 amostras primárias e sete recidivas sugestivas de pertencerem ao Grupo A (LAMA2+/ NELL2 -) e seis amostras do Grupo não-A e não-B (LAMA2 +/ NELL2 + e LAMA2 -/NELL2-). Entre os pacientes considerados Grupo A, 90% (24/28) apresentaram marcação positiva para TNC, indicando serem tumores de pior prognóstico. A expressão gênica de LAMA2 e NELL2 apresentou correlação negativa e os genes TNC e LAMA2 uma correlação positiva, p<0,01 e p<0,05, respectivamente. Em ependimoma de fossa posterior Grupo A, os pacientes submetidos às ressecções completa e incompleta apresentaram diferença significativa na sobrevida global (5 anos) de 71,2% ± 14,5% versus 21,4% ± 17,8%, p< 0,01 e na SLE (2 anos) 63,5% ± 14,8% versus 25% ± 15.3%, p <0.001. Conclusões: De acordo com os resultados obtidos foi possível estabelecer a classificação molecular em uma casuística brasileira, seguindo os padrões descritos na literatura. Dados gerados a partir dessa padronização serão de fundamental importância para melhoria da estratificação tumoral, contribuindo tanto para determinação de estratégicas terapêuticas subgrupo-específicas, quanto na busca de novos alvos terapêuticos. / Introduction: Ependymomas are rare glial cell-derived tumors and comprise the third most frequent central nervous system tumor in childhood. Despite the therapeutic advances, about 50% of patients develop local recurrence and 40% of patients go to death. One of the causes of the failure of the therapies is the high tumor heterogeneity and the inconsistency of the histological diagnosis. In 2015, the molecular characterization of ependymomas was published for the first time, and nine tumor subgroups with distinct clinical, demographic and molecular profiles were described. Aim: To establish and standardize molecular classification in pediatric ependymoma samples and to correlate the classification with clinical data of the patients. Methods: We studied 65 cases of ependymomas, diagnosed between 2001 and 2016, from the Clinics Hospital of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto and São Paulo and the Boldrini Children\'s Center-Campinas. Twenty-six cases were supratentorial ependymomas, classified based on the presence of gene fusions C11orf95- RELA, YAP1-MAMLD1 and YAP1-FAM118B using RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. Thirty-nine posterior fossa cases were classified into Groups A, B or non A and B through the protein and gene expression profile of the markers: LAMA2, NELL2 and TNC using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. Results: Among the supratentorial ependymomas, three primary samples and five relapsed samples with RELA fusion, mean age of 7 years (range of 2.6-13.7 years), male predominance, and degree of complete surgical resection were identified. The YAP1-MAMLD1 fusion was identified in four cases, diagnosed in younger children, mean age 0.9 years (range of 0.75-2 years). In addition, a variant case was found in supratentorial ependymoma, called fusion C11orf95- LOC-RELA. Twenty-six primary samples and seven recurrences suggestive of Group A (LAMA2 + / NELL2-) and six non-A and non-B Group samples (LAMA2 + / NELL2 + and LAMA2 - / NELL2-). Among the patients considered Group A, 90% (24/28) presented positive staining for TNC, indicating that tumors had a worse prognosis. The gene expression of LAMA2 and NELL2 presented negative correlation and the TNC and LAMA2 genes had a positive correlation, p <0.01 and p <0.05, respectively. In the group A posterior fossa ependymoma, patients submitted to complete and incomplete surgical presented a significant difference in overall survival (5 years) of 71.2% ± 14.5% versus 21.4% ± 17.8%, p <0 , 01 and in SLE (2 years) 63.5% ± 14.8% versus 25% ± 15.3%, p <0.001. Conclusions: According to the results obtained, it was possible to establish the molecular classification in a Brazilian cohort, following the standards described in the literature. Data generated from this standardization will be of fundamental importance for the improvement of tumor stratification, contributing both to the determination of subgroup-specific therapeutic strategies and to the search for new therapeutic targets.

Introdução: O transplante autólogo de células progenitoras hematopoéticas é indicado para tratamento de várias doenças neoplásicas e não-neoplásicas, tais como linfoma, mieloma múltiplo e doenças autoimunes. Para isso, é imprescindível coletar as células progenitoras hematopoéticas (CPHs), em geral mobilizadas para o sangue periférico, por meio de equipamentos de aférese e acesso venoso adequado, seja de veia periférica seja de veia central quando a primeira não for adequada. Usualmente, o acesso periférico se dá por veia da fossa cubital. Entretanto, a veia jugular externa também poderia ser uma opção em pacientes em que a veia cubital não proporcionar fluxo sanguíneo adequado, uma possibilidade ainda muito pouco explorada nesse contexto. Objetivos: Avaliar a viabilidade de coletar CPHs pela veia jugular externa em pacientes que não tem acesso por meio da veia da fossa cubital.Métodos: Trata-se de estudo observacional do tipo transversal, com coleta retrospectiva dos dados por meio da análise das fichas médicas arquivadas no Hemonúcleo do Hospital de Câncer de Barretos. A amostra foi composta de 26 indivíduos, sendo que 13 (50%) dos participantes tiveram a punção da veia jugular externa e os outros 13 (50%) foram extraídos aleatoriamente do conjunto de 913 pacientes que tiveram a punção da veia da fossa cubital para equilíbrio numérico das amostras, no período de 2007 a 2014. Resultados: Dos 26 participantes do estudo, 19 (76,9%) foram do sexo masculino e 7 (23,1%) do sexo feminino. Entre as doenças, o mieloma foi a mais prevalente, não houve diferença quanto ao diagnóstico entre os dois grupos fossa cubital e jugular. As médias de células CD34+ coletadas no grupo fossa cubital e no grupo jugular foram de 10,0 x 106/kg e 5,1 x 106/kg, respectivamente (p=0,20). As volemias processadas foram de 4,2 e 4,4 para os grupos fossa cubital de jugular (p=0,12). O fluxo médio de aspiração do sangue foi de 69±17 mL/minuto e 62±17 mL/minuto (p=0,29). Conclusão: Há viabilidade da coleta de CPH por via jugular externa / Introduction: Autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation is indicated for the treatment of various neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases, such as lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and autoimmune diseases. For this, it is essential to collect the hematopoietic progenitor cells (CPHs), usually mobilized into the peripheral blood, by means of apheresis devices and adequate venous access, either peripheral vein or central vein when the former is not adequate. Usually, the peripheral access is by the ulnar fossavein. However, the external jugular vein could also be an option in patients where the ulnar vein does not provide adequate blood flow, a possibility still very little explored in this context. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of collecting CPHs through the external jugular vein in patients who do not have access through the ulnar fossa vein. Methods: It is an observational cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection through the analysis of the medical records filed at the Barretos Cancer Hospital. The sample consisted of 26 individuals; 13 (50%) of the participants had external jugular vein puncture and the other 13 (50%) were randomly extracted from a set of 913 patients who had ulnar fossa vein puncture to numerical equilibrium of the samples from 2007 to 2014. Results: Of the 26 participants in the study, 19 (76.9%) were male and 7 (23.1%) were female. Among the diseases, myeloma was the most prevalent; there was no difference in diagnosis between the two groups of ulnar and jugular fossa. The mean CD34 + cells collected in the cubital fossa group and in the jugular group were 10.0 x 106/kg and 5.1 x 106/kg, respectively (p=0.20). The blood volumes processed were 4.2 and 4.4 for the jugular fossa group (p=0.12). The mean blood aspiration flow was 69 ± 17 mL/min and 62 ± 17 mL/min (p=0.29). Conclusion: there is viability of the collection of CPHs by external jugular vein

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2010. / A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Medical Sciences, Temporomandibular Disorders/Orofacial Pain. Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on April 23, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-13T15:14:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Lediane Leslie Campos Ramos.pdf: 3409711 bytes, checksum: 0b979d9b033509b0f053399204bcbcc1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-11-07T10:27:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Lediane Leslie Campos Ramos.pdf: 3409711 bytes, checksum: 0b979d9b033509b0f053399204bcbcc1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-07T10:27:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Lediane Leslie Campos Ramos.pdf: 3409711 bytes, checksum: 0b979d9b033509b0f053399204bcbcc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Devido a precariedade e a falta de rede pública coletora de esgoto na cidade de Cuiabá é grande a procura por serviços das empresas de limpa fossa, o que torna-se um problema, dado que o lodo gerado pelos sistemas de fossas sépticas comporta concentrações expressivas de nutrientes, matéria orgânica, poluentes inorgânicos e organismos patogênicos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo o diagnostico e avaliação da destinação final do lodo de fossa e de tanque séptico em Cuiabá/MT, e propor medidas de adequação de tratamento. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas junto às empresas prestadoras deste serviço, e levantamentos junto à Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto Tijucal (ETE Tijucal). A estação é composta por tratamento preliminar (caixa de areia, gradeamento e calha Parshall), dois reatores UASB, uma lagoa anaeróbia, seguida por duas lagoas facultativas em paralelo, e uma lagoa de maturação. Sua capacidade atual de tratamento é de 50 L/s, mas recebe uma vazão diária de 56,23 L/s. Levantamentos realizados neste trabalho indica que a vazão recebida diariamente pode ser maior que a apresentada pela Empresa responsável pela administração da ETE. Além da quantificação do volume de lodo lançado diariamente foi realizado a caracterização com determinação dos seguintes parâmetros: pH, Temperatura, Alcalinidade, Sólidos totais, Sólidos voláteis totais, Sólidos fixos, Sólidos sedimentáveis, Óleos e graxas, DBO, DQO, Fósforo total, Nitrogênio Kjeldahl. De acordo com o resultado da caracterização e comparação com estudos realizados nesta linha de pesquisa identificou-se um possível sistema de tratamento para o lodo de fossas e tanques sépticos. / Due to insecurity and lack of public collector sewer in the city of Cuiabá is great demand for the services of clean fossa companies, which becomes a problem, since the sludge generated by septic tank systems entails significant concentrations of nutrients, organic matter, inorganic pollutants and pathogenic organisms. The present study aims at the diagnosis and evaluation of the final destination of the sludge pit and septic tank in Cuiabá / MT, and proposes measures of adequacy of treatment. For this survey interviews were held with the companies providing this service, and with the Tijucal Sewage Treatment Station (ETE Tijucal). The station consists of preliminary treatment (sandbox, railing and Parshall), two UASB, anaerobic pond, facultative pond followed by two in parallel, and a maturation pond. Your current treatment capacity is 50 L / s, but receives a daily flow of 56.23 L / s. Surveys conducted in this paper indicates that the daily flow received may be higher than that presented by the company responsible for the management of ETE. Besides quantifying the volume of sludge released daily characterization was carried out by determining the following parameters: pH, temperature, alkalinity, total Total solids, volatile solids, fixed solids, settleable solids, oils and grease, BOD, COD, Total Phosphorus, Nitrogen Kjeldahl. According to the results of the characterization and comparison with studies conducted in this research identified a possible treatment system for the sludge pits and septic tanks.

Introdução: O transplante autólogo de células progenitoras hematopoéticas é indicado para tratamento de várias doenças neoplásicas e não-neoplásicas, tais como linfoma, mieloma múltiplo e doenças autoimunes. Para isso, é imprescindível coletar as células progenitoras hematopoéticas (CPHs), em geral mobilizadas para o sangue periférico, por meio de equipamentos de aférese e acesso venoso adequado, seja de veia periférica seja de veia central quando a primeira não for adequada. Usualmente, o acesso periférico se dá por veia da fossa cubital. Entretanto, a veia jugular externa também poderia ser uma opção em pacientes em que a veia cubital não proporcionar fluxo sanguíneo adequado, uma possibilidade ainda muito pouco explorada nesse contexto. Objetivos: Avaliar a viabilidade de coletar CPHs pela veia jugular externa em pacientes que não tem acesso por meio da veia da fossa cubital.Métodos: Trata-se de estudo observacional do tipo transversal, com coleta retrospectiva dos dados por meio da análise das fichas médicas arquivadas no Hemonúcleo do Hospital de Câncer de Barretos. A amostra foi composta de 26 indivíduos, sendo que 13 (50%) dos participantes tiveram a punção da veia jugular externa e os outros 13 (50%) foram extraídos aleatoriamente do conjunto de 913 pacientes que tiveram a punção da veia da fossa cubital para equilíbrio numérico das amostras, no período de 2007 a 2014. Resultados: Dos 26 participantes do estudo, 19 (76,9%) foram do sexo masculino e 7 (23,1%) do sexo feminino. Entre as doenças, o mieloma foi a mais prevalente, não houve diferença quanto ao diagnóstico entre os dois grupos fossa cubital e jugular. As médias de células CD34+ coletadas no grupo fossa cubital e no grupo jugular foram de 10,0 x 106/kg e 5,1 x 106/kg, respectivamente (p=0,20). As volemias processadas foram de 4,2 e 4,4 para os grupos fossa cubital de jugular (p=0,12). O fluxo médio de aspiração do sangue foi de 69±17 mL/minuto e 62±17 mL/minuto (p=0,29). Conclusão: Há viabilidade da coleta de CPH por via jugular externa / Introduction: Autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation is indicated for the treatment of various neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases, such as lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and autoimmune diseases. For this, it is essential to collect the hematopoietic progenitor cells (CPHs), usually mobilized into the peripheral blood, by means of apheresis devices and adequate venous access, either peripheral vein or central vein when the former is not adequate. Usually, the peripheral access is by the ulnar fossavein. However, the external jugular vein could also be an option in patients where the ulnar vein does not provide adequate blood flow, a possibility still very little explored in this context. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of collecting CPHs through the external jugular vein in patients who do not have access through the ulnar fossa vein. Methods: It is an observational cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection through the analysis of the medical records filed at the Barretos Cancer Hospital. The sample consisted of 26 individuals; 13 (50%) of the participants had external jugular vein puncture and the other 13 (50%) were randomly extracted from a set of 913 patients who had ulnar fossa vein puncture to numerical equilibrium of the samples from 2007 to 2014. Results: Of the 26 participants in the study, 19 (76.9%) were male and 7 (23.1%) were female. Among the diseases, myeloma was the most prevalent; there was no difference in diagnosis between the two groups of ulnar and jugular fossa. The mean CD34 + cells collected in the cubital fossa group and in the jugular group were 10.0 x 106/kg and 5.1 x 106/kg, respectively (p=0.20). The blood volumes processed were 4.2 and 4.4 for the jugular fossa group (p=0.12). The mean blood aspiration flow was 69 ± 17 mL/min and 62 ± 17 mL/min (p=0.29). Conclusion: there is viability of the collection of CPHs by external jugular vein