Large carnivores are in global decline, chiefly resultant of anthropogenic persecution, habitat reduction and disturbance. Fosas represent Madagascar's largest carnivore, occupying much of the island's forest. This thesis examines the threats of bushmeat hunting, retaliatory killing, habitat alteration and exotic species using sociological and remote-sensing methodologies. Habitat degradation was not associated with reduced fosa occupancy, indicating some resilience within large, contiguous forests. However, competition with exotic species (cats, dogs) was associated with reduced fosa occupancy and potential temporal shifts towards greater nocturnality. Poor households were more likely to consume protected species. Conversely, wealthier households consumed more fish and eel. This pattern is reflected in Malagasy reported taste preference to consume domesticated animals and certain legally hunted wild species. Protected areas were not associated with reduced protected species consumption. Fosas' predation was a major cause of rural poultry mortality. Predation was more likely to occur in deciduous forests, in the dry season, during the evening. Fosa predation, and lower education was associated with negative Malagasy attitudes. Wealthy households, and those that had experienced fosa predation were most likely to retaliatory kill a fosa. Strategies to safeguard fosas' long-term persistence should seek to improve domestic husbandry, build robust coops with the use of watchdogs, promote education, and reduce exotic species abundance.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O uso agrÃcola do lodo de esgoto à uma alternativa que apresenta vantagens ambientais quando comparada a outras prÃticas de destinaÃÃo final e a sua aplicaÃÃo no solo pode trazer benefÃcios à agricultura. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade aguda de resÃduos de caminhÃes limpa-fossa (lodo sÃptico), de diferentes residÃncias atravÃs da utilizaÃÃo de bioensaios, com trÃs organismos bioindicadores de toxicidade, os microcrustÃceos (Daphnia magna e Daphnia similis) e bactÃrias (Vibrio fischeri) no Sistema MicrotoxÂ. Primeiramente foi feita a caracterizaÃÃo fÃsico-quÃmica, microbiolÃgica e metais pesados dos resÃduos esgotados dos caminhÃes limpa-fossa e posteriormente foram realizados testes de toxicidade. As coletas foram realizadas quinzenalmente na ETE SÃo CristÃvÃo/CAGECE, em Fortaleza-CE, onde as amostras foram levadas ao laboratÃrio para realizar as anÃlises de pH, temperatura, alcalinidade, condutividade elÃtrica, sÃrie de sÃlidos, DBO, DQO, sÃrie de nitrogÃnio, fÃsforo e coliformes termotolerantes. Observou-se que estes resÃduos apresentaram concentraÃÃes bem mais elevadas que as de esgoto domÃstico e tambÃm com caracterÃsticas bastante variÃveis. A fraÃÃo volÃtil representa cerca de 65% dos sÃlidos totais e a relaÃÃo SV/ST foi de 0,6 indicando uma possÃvel estabilidade de acordo com a CONAMA 375/2006. TambÃm foram realizadas anÃlises de metais pesados (CÃdmio, Cromo, ManganÃs, NÃquel, Zinco, Chumbo, Ferro e Cobre) para verificar se tinha alguma correlaÃÃo com a toxicidade. Todas as amostras esgotadas de caminhÃes limpa-fossa apresentaram toxicidade aguda para os trÃs microorganismos Daphnia magna, Daphnia similis e Vibrio fischeri com mÃdia de CE50 igual à 54%, 41% 52% respectivamente, sendo todos considerados tÃxicos. Com relaÃÃo à sensibilidade a Daphnia similis foi o organismo que apresentou maior sensibilidade para resÃduos sÃpticos, pois quanto menor o CE50 mais tÃxica à a amostra. Pelos resultados obtidos, os resÃduos de caminhÃes limpa-fossa apresentaram toxicidade e nÃo poderiam ser utilizados na agricultura sem um prÃvio tratamento para a remoÃÃo da toxicidade. / O uso agrÃcola do lodo de esgoto à uma alternativa que apresenta vantagens ambientais quando comparada a outras prÃticas de destinaÃÃo final e a sua aplicaÃÃo no solo pode trazer benefÃcios à agricultura. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade aguda de resÃduos de caminhÃes limpa-fossa (lodo sÃptico), de diferentes residÃncias atravÃs da utilizaÃÃo de bioensaios, com trÃs organismos bioindicadores de toxicidade, os microcrustÃceos (Daphnia magna e Daphnia similis) e bactÃrias (Vibrio fischeri) no Sistema MicrotoxÂ. Primeiramente foi feita a caracterizaÃÃo fÃsico-quÃmica, microbiolÃgica e metais pesados dos resÃduos esgotados dos caminhÃes limpa-fossa e posteriormente foram realizados testes de toxicidade. As coletas foram realizadas quinzenalmente na ETE SÃo CristÃvÃo/CAGECE, em Fortaleza-CE, onde as amostras foram levadas ao laboratÃrio para realizar as anÃlises de pH, temperatura, alcalinidade, condutividade elÃtrica, sÃrie de sÃlidos, DBO, DQO, sÃrie de nitrogÃnio, fÃsforo e coliformes termotolerantes. Observou-se que estes resÃduos apresentaram concentraÃÃes bem mais elevadas que as de esgoto domÃstico e tambÃm com caracterÃsticas bastante variÃveis. A fraÃÃo volÃtil representa cerca de 65% dos sÃlidos totais e a relaÃÃo SV/ST foi de 0,6 indicando uma possÃvel estabilidade de acordo com a CONAMA 375/2006. TambÃm foram realizadas anÃlises de metais pesados (CÃdmio, Cromo, ManganÃs, NÃquel, Zinco, Chumbo, Ferro e Cobre) para verificar se tinha alguma correlaÃÃo com a toxicidade. Todas as amostras esgotadas de caminhÃes limpa-fossa apresentaram toxicidade aguda para os trÃs microorganismos Daphnia magna, Daphnia similis e Vibrio fischeri com mÃdia de CE50 igual à 54%, 41% 52% respectivamente, sendo todos considerados tÃxicos. Com relaÃÃo à sensibilidade a Daphnia similis foi o organismo que apresentou maior sensibilidade para resÃduos sÃpticos, pois quanto menor o CE50 mais tÃxica à a amostra. Pelos resultados obtidos, os resÃduos de caminhÃes limpa-fossa apresentaram toxicidade e nÃo poderiam ser utilizados na agricultura sem um prÃvio tratamento para a remoÃÃo da toxicidade. / A way to recycle the nutrients and organic matter from sewage sludge from septic tanks and cesspools would return those elements to biogeochemical cycles. The agricultural use of sewage sludge is an alternative that provides environmental benefits when compared to other final disposal practices and its application in soil can bring benefits to agriculture. The present study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of clean trucks (septic sludge) from different homes through the use of bioassays, with three bodies bioindicators of toxicity, the microcrustaceans (Daphnia magna and Daphnia similis) and bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) in the Microtox  System. First was made the physico-chemical, microbiological characterization and heavy metals waste exhausted clean trucks and trench-toxicity tests were carried out at a later date. The collections were held fortnightly in the ETE SÃo CristÃvÃo, where samples were brought to the laboratory to perform the analyses of pH, alkalinity, temperature, electrical conductivity, solids, BOD, COD, nitrogen, phosphorus and termotolerantes coliforms. It was noted that such waste presented well concentrations higher than those of domestic sewage and also features plenty of variables. The volatile fraction accounts for around 65% of total solids and SV/ST was 0.6, indicating that the septic tanks and septic sludge can be considered stable according to the CONAMA 375/2006. Were also conducted analyses of heavy metals (Cadmium, chromium, manganese, nickel, zinc, lead, iron and copper) to verify that had some correlation with toxicity. All samples clean truck depleted-fossa showed acute toxicity for microorganism three Daphnia magna, Daphnia similis, and Vibrio fischeri averaging equal to 54%, EC50 41% 52% respectively, all of which are considered toxic. With respect to sensitivity to Daphnia similis was the body that has greater sensitivity to septic waste, because the lower the EC50 is more toxic to sample. By the results obtained, the clean trucks waste-fossa are toxic and could not be used in agriculture without a prior treatment for the removal of toxicity / A way to recycle the nutrients and organic matter from sewage sludge from septic tanks and cesspools would return those elements to biogeochemical cycles. The agricultural use of sewage sludge is an alternative that provides environmental benefits when compared to other final disposal practices and its application in soil can bring benefits to agriculture. The present study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity of clean trucks (septic sludge) from different homes through the use of bioassays, with three bodies bioindicators of toxicity, the microcrustaceans (Daphnia magna and Daphnia similis) and bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) in the Microtox  System. First was made the physico-chemical, microbiological characterization and heavy metals waste exhausted clean trucks and trench-toxicity tests were carried out at a later date. The collections were held fortnightly in the ETE SÃo CristÃvÃo, where samples were brought to the laboratory to perform the analyses of pH, alkalinity, temperature, electrical conductivity, solids, BOD, COD, nitrogen, phosphorus and termotolerantes coliforms. It was noted that such waste presented well concentrations higher than those of domestic sewage and also features plenty of variables. The volatile fraction accounts for around 65% of total solids and SV/ST was 0.6, indicating that the septic tanks and septic sludge can be considered stable according to the CONAMA 375/2006. Were also conducted analyses of heavy metals (Cadmium, chromium, manganese, nickel, zinc, lead, iron and copper) to verify that had some correlation with toxicity. All samples clean truck depleted-fossa showed acute toxicity for microorganism three Daphnia magna, Daphnia similis, and Vibrio fischeri averaging equal to 54%, EC50 41% 52% respectively, all of which are considered toxic. With respect to sensitivity to Daphnia similis was the body that has greater sensitivity to septic waste, because the lower the EC50 is more toxic to sample. By the results obtained, the clean trucks waste-fossa are toxic and could not be used in agriculture without a prior treatment for the removal of toxicity

O Brasil apresenta um déficit relevante de saneamento em áreas rurais. Segundo dados do último censo brasileiro, de 2010, cerca de 29,9 milhões de pessoas residem em áreas rurais, totalizando aproximadamente 8,1 milhões de domicílios. Como os domicílios rurais costumam ser dispersos, e mesmo nas áreas mais concentradas não há rede coletora de esgotos, as famílias geralmente recorrem a soluções alternativas para o esgotamento sanitário, muitas vezes inadequadas, como o uso de fossas rudimentares, em 49,9 por cento de domicílios rurais, e outras formas em 7,4 por cento de domicílios rurais, totalizando 57 por cento de domicílios rurais. Algumas alternativas para o tratamento de esgoto vêm sendo implantadas em áreas rurais, por meio de tecnologias sociais. Entre elas, podem-se destacar as fossas sépticas biodigestoras, que foram desenvolvidas pela Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA. Tais tecnologias têm sido implementadas em algumas comunidades rurais brasileiras destacando-se o caso das comunidades rurais dos bairros dos Afonsos e do Cantagalo, pertencentes ao município de Pouso Alegre, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar como ocorre o processo de implantação das fossas biodigestores nesses bairros e verificar se elas, de fato, cumprem com o papel de facilitadoras para o tratamento de esgoto em área rural do município de Pouso Alegre MG. Para isso foi realizada pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, por meio de levantamento documental e bibliográfico, entrevistas semiestruturadas, análise das transcrições e categorização dos dados. Para categorização e análise dos dados foi utilizada bibliografia sobre Tecnologia Social (TS). Apesar de os resultados evidenciarem pouca participação dos moradores no processo de tomada de decisão sobre o uso da tecnologia, há grande influência e credibilidade nas propostas feitas por uma organização não governamental local, favorecendo as intervenções atuais o que também possibilitará a inserção da TS como política pública, se aprovado o Plano Municipal de Saneamento Básico / Brazil has a significant sanitation deficit in rural areas. According to data from the last Brazilian census, 2010, about 29.9 million people live in rural areas, totaling approximately 8.1 million households. As rural households are often dispersed, and even in the most concentrated areas there is no sewerage network, households often resort to alternative solutions to sanitary sewage, often inadequate, such as the use of rudimentary septic tanks, at 49.9 per cent of Rural households, and other forms in 7.4 per cent of rural households, totaling 57 per cent of rural households. Some alternatives for the treatment of sewage are seen being implanted in rural areas, through social technologies. Among them, we can highlight the septic tanks biodigestoras, which were developed by EMBRAPA. Such technologies have been implemented in some Brazilian rural communities, highlighting the case of the rural communities of Afonsos and Cantagalo, belonging to the municipality of Pouso Alegre - MG. This research has the objective of analyzing how the process of implantation of the biodigestors in these districts occurs and verify if they, in fact, fulfill the role of facilitators for the treatment of sewage in rural area of the municipality of Pouso Alegre - MG. For this purpose, qualitative research was carried out, through documentary and bibliographic surveys, semi-structured interviews, transcription analysis and data categorization. For data categorization and analysis, a bibliography on Social Technology (TS) was used. Although the results show little participation of the residents in the decision making process on the use of technology, there is great influence and credibility in the proposals made by the local NGO, favoring the current interventions, which also allowed the inclusion of the TS as a public policy, if approved The Municipal Sanitation Basic Plan

Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Analyse der Ergebnisse der mikrochirurgischen Therapie von Akustikusneurinomen (AN) über den transtemporalen Zugangsweg unter Einsatz eines flexiblen CO2-Faserlasers (Omniguide®). Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine prospektive nicht randomisierte klinische Studie durchgeführt. Bei 20 aufeinander folgenden Patienten, bei denen eine mikrochirurgische Exstirpation des Tumors über den transtemporalen Zugangsweg erfolgte, wurde die Tumorresektion mit Hilfe des flexiblen CO2-Lasers durchgeführt (Lasergruppe, LG). Als Vergleichsgruppe wurden 20 Patienten mit vergleichbarer Tumorgröße und gleichem präoperativen Hörvermögen aus einer Kohorte von 76 Patienten ausgewählt (matched pairs), die zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt vom selben Operateur ohne Zuhilfenahme des Lasers operiert worden waren (Kontrollgruppe, KG). In der frühen postoperativen Phase konnte bei jeweils sechs Patienten beider Gruppen eine Facialisschwäche nach House-Brackmann (HB) Grad 2-4 festgestellt werden. Nach drei Monaten zeigte sich lediglich bei einem Patienten der KG noch eine leichte Facialisschwäche (HB-Grad 2). Der Erhalt der Facialisfunktion (HB-Grad 1 und 2) lag bei beiden Gruppen bei 100 %. Der Hörerhalt (Gardner-Robertson-Klasse 1 und 2 prä- und postoperativ) lag in der LG bei 72 % und in der KG bei 82 % ohne statistisch signifikanten Unterschied. Die absolute Operationszeit (Schnitt-Naht-Zeit) betrug in der KG 157 min und in der LG 160 min. Die Präparationszeit des Tumors lag in der KG bei 23,2 min und bei der LG bei 36,1 min. Durch den Einsatz des CO2-Lasers konnte zwar keine Reduktion der Operationszeit erreicht werden, jedoch zeigten sich im Vergleich zur konventionellen Technik postoperativ die gleichen guten funktionellen Ergebnisse, so dass der CO2-Laser eine sinnvolle Ergänzung für spezielle Fälle sein kann (z.B. bei stark vaskularisierten Tumoren). / The aim of this study was to analyze the results of microsurgery in vestibular schwannomas (VS) with assistance of a flexible CO(2) laser fiber (Omniguide(®)) using the middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach. For that purpose we performed a prospective non-randomized clinical trial. In 20 consecutive patients suffering from VS and elected for microsurgery via the MCF approach, tumor resection was performed with the aid of the flexible CO(2) laser ("laser group", LG). Twenty patients with similar tumor volume and pre-operative hearing status out of a cohort of 76 patients previously treated by the same surgeon without laser were used as comparison group ("conventional group", CG) (matched-pair-technique). Facial weakness (House-Brackmann (HB) 2-4) was seen in early postoperative (p.o.) days in six patients in each group and all recovered completely by 3 months p.o., except one patient with HB 2 in CG. Facial nerve preservation rate (HB 1 + 2) was 100% in both groups. Hearing preservation rate (Gardner/Robertson class 1 + 2 or AAO-HNS A + B, pre- and postoperatively) was 72% in LG and 82% in CG, without significant difference. Overall time from incision to skin suture was 157 min (SD 55.9) in CG and 160 min (SD 39.7) in LG. Tumor preparation time was 23.2 min (SD 19.7) in CG and 36.1 min (SD 33.8) in LG. The use of a handheld flexible CO(2) laser fiber in VS-microsurgery is safe and subjectively facilitates tumor resection especially in "difficult" (e.g., highly vascularized) tumors. However, in this limited prospective trial the excellent functional outcome following conventional microsurgery could not be further improved, nor the surgical time reduced by means of the non-contact laser-tool. Focusing the use of the flexible CO(2) laser on "difficult" tumors may lead to different results in future.

Paediatric posterior fossa tumors are often effectively controlled with a combination of radiation, chemotherapy and surgery. However, therapeutic craniospinal radiation has been associated with widespread cognitive late effects. Working memory is one such cognitive ability that has yet to be fully examined in this clinical population. Bilateral tracts connecting the cerebellum with the DLPFC were delineated using DTI tractography in all participants, replicating the cerebrocerebellar pathway outlined in an animal model. There were observable differences in white matter integrity (quantified by DTI measures of anisotropy, and mean, axial, and radial diffusivity) of the cerebellum-DLPFC pathway in patients versus controls. Additionally, working memory deficits that were found in patients were correlated with DTI indices pertaining to the cerebellum-DLPFC pathway. Therefore, this thesis is the first to explore the possible relations between white matter integrity of this pathway following treatment for paediatric posterior fossa tumors and working memory function.

Paediatric posterior fossa tumors are often effectively controlled with a combination of radiation, chemotherapy and surgery. However, therapeutic craniospinal radiation has been associated with widespread cognitive late effects. Working memory is one such cognitive ability that has yet to be fully examined in this clinical population. Bilateral tracts connecting the cerebellum with the DLPFC were delineated using DTI tractography in all participants, replicating the cerebrocerebellar pathway outlined in an animal model. There were observable differences in white matter integrity (quantified by DTI measures of anisotropy, and mean, axial, and radial diffusivity) of the cerebellum-DLPFC pathway in patients versus controls. Additionally, working memory deficits that were found in patients were correlated with DTI indices pertaining to the cerebellum-DLPFC pathway. Therefore, this thesis is the first to explore the possible relations between white matter integrity of this pathway following treatment for paediatric posterior fossa tumors and working memory function.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005 / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 57 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-52).

Submitted by Automação e Estatística (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-05-02T22:11:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianeAraujoDantas_DISSERT.pdf: 1639751 bytes, checksum: 981d904f6d9e4c81111d5c11a4aaa975 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-05-04T21:21:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianeAraujoDantas_DISSERT.pdf: 1639751 bytes, checksum: 981d904f6d9e4c81111d5c11a4aaa975 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-04T21:21:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianeAraujoDantas_DISSERT.pdf: 1639751 bytes, checksum: 981d904f6d9e4c81111d5c11a4aaa975 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-09 / Dados epidemiológicos do Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA, 2016) calculam que o câncer infantil corresponda de 1 a 3% do total de incidência de câncer em território brasileiro, o que equivale a aproximadamente 12.600 casos diagnosticados anualmente. A despeito de melhorias significativas no diagnóstico e nas taxas de sobrevida deste grupo clínico nos últimos anos, o tratamento para tumores cerebrais ainda está associado à elevada neurotoxicidade e consequentemente, à presença de comprometimentos neuropsicológicos significativos, incluindo importantes alterações acadêmicas, cognitivas e comportamentais. Na população pediátrica, os tumores do sistema nervoso se desenvolvem majoritariamente (60%) na região da fossa posterior. Encontra-se documentado que crianças sobreviventes de tumores da fossa posterior (TFP) enfrentam sequelas neurocognitivas importantes. Estudos anteriores apontam déficits intelectuais, atencionais, na velocidade de processamento, na memória visual e no funcionamento executivo pós tratamento dos TFP. Como consequência, essas crianças podem apresentar baixo rendimento acadêmico, menor sucesso vocacional e comportamento alterado. Duas hipóteses, não excludentes, têm sido apontadas como alternativas para a compreensão da emergência das alterações supracitadas. A primeira delas aborda como componente explicativo os danos difusos sobre a substância branca neuronal e a segunda sugere que as alterações cognitivas, comportamentais e afetivas, frequentemente observadas neste grupo clínico, são decorrentes das lesões cerebelares. Ao examinar como a doença e o tratamento impactam no cotidiano dos sobreviventes, pode-se compreender de maneira robusta como as dificuldades acadêmicas e sociais se manifestam na capacidade funcional dessas crianças, seus potenciais para aprendizagem e sucesso vocacional e, em última instância, em sua qualidade de vida. Este estudo objetiva caracterizar o perfil comportamental de competência social de crianças e adolescentes sobreviventes de tumores de fossa posterior. Ademais, tem por objetivo correlacionar problemas de comportamento e competência social (conforme identificadas pelos pais e responsáveis) e o funcionamento executivo deste grupo clínico. Participaram deste estudo 18 crianças e adolescentes sobreviventes de tumores de fossa posterior. Foi encontrada prevalência acima da média normativa para síndromes psiquiátricas, e importantes alterações de comportamento e de competência social em ambos grupos clínicos. Correlações estatisticamente significativas entre as medidas de comportamento e funcionamento executivo foram evidenciadas. / Epidemiological data from the National Cancer Institute (INCA, 2016) estimate that pediatric cancer correspond up to 1 to 3% of the total cancer incidence in Brazil, accounting up for 12.600 new cases annually. Despite improvement in diagnostic measures and elevated survival rates in recent years, treatment for brain tumors is still associated to elevated neurotoxicity and significantly neuropsychogical impairments, including academic, cognitive and behavioral changes. In pediatric population, nervous system tumors mostly develops (60%) in the posterior fossa. It is established that children who survive these tumors are challenged with significative neurocognitive damage. Previous studies highlight intellectual, attentional, process speed, visual memory and executive function impairments after posterior fossa tumor treatment. Consequently, these children can exhibit poor academic performance, low vocational success and impaired behavior. Two non-excluding hypothesis are highlight as alternatives for comprehension for the emergency of these impairments. The first one suggests that diffuse damage to the neuronal white matter due to the radiotherapy is one of the possible causes to the observed impairments, while the second one suggests that cerebellar damage is the responsible for the cognitive, behavioral and affective impairments. Examining how disease and it´s treatment influences the daily lives of survivor’s highlights how academic and social impairments manifests in the functional capacity of these children, their learning potential and vocational success and, mostly, their quality of life. This study aims to characterize the behavioral profile and social competence of children survivors of posterior fossa tumors. Additionally, this study aims to correlate behavior problems and social problems - as evaluated by their parents and caregivers - and executive functioning of this clinic population. Eighteen pediatric survivors of posterior fossa tumors have participated in this study. It was found above average prevalence of psychiatric syndromes and marked behavior problems and altered social competence in both clinical groups. Statistical significant correlations between behavioral measures and executive functioning were found.

Orientador: Roberto Calderon Gonçalves / Resumo: A Mannheimia haemolytica A1 é o agente etiológico da Mannheimiose Pneumônica Bovina (MPB), uma doença de grande importância econômica. Um modelo experimental de MPB foi utilizado com o objetivo de avaliar os sinais clínicos, as alterações hematológicas e as espécies bacterianas das cavidades nasais e nasofaringeanas de bezerros com MPB, em diferentes momentos do curso da doença. Um total de 28 bezerros foi divido em sete lotes e os bezerros de cada lote foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em cada um dos quatro grupos. Cada grupo foi avaliado em um momento do curso da MPB: grupo I às 12, grupo II às 24, grupo III às 48 e grupo IV às 72 horas após a inoculação. Após incubação por cinco horas, a 37ºC e sob rotação de 150 ciclos/min, os inóculos da cepa D153 de M. haemolytica A1, com concentrações variando entre 1,5 x 10 8 a 8,20 x 10 9 UFCs (Unidades Formadoras de Colônias), foram infundidos na região da carina em todos os bezerros de cada lote, por via transtraqueal, enquanto eram mantidos em decúbito lateral direito. As respostas dos bezerros de cada grupo, I a IV, à M. haemolytica A1 foram caracterizadas por: hipertermia e taquicardia, com a temperatura corporal e a freqüência cardíaca tendendo a ser mais baixa nos grupos I a III e alcançando valores mais elevados no grupo IV. A freqüência respiratória aumentou em todos os grupos após a inoculação, com os valores dos grupos III e IV tendendo a ser mais elevados. Os sinais clínicos qualitativos da MPB que indicaram alterações da condição física geral, do sistema cardiovascular e alterações oculares tenderam a melhorar à medida que a doença progrediu, quando os quatro grupos foram comparados. Adicionalmente, a freqüência da secreção nasal mucosa e a intensidade da secreção nasal muco-purulenta tenderam a aumentar, concomitantemente com o aumento da... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: Mannheimia haemolytica A1 is the etiologic agent of Bovine Pneumonic Mannheimiosis (BPM), a disease of great economic importance. An experimental model of BPM was utilized with the objective of evaluating the clinical signs, hematologic changes and the bacterial species of the nasal and nasopharynx cavities of calves with BPM at different moments of the course of the disease. A total of 28 calves were divided in seven blocks, and the calves of each block were randomized to take part in one of four groups. Each group was evaluated at one moment of the course of BPM: group I at 12, II at 24, III at 48 and IV at 72 hours after inoculation. After incubation for 5 hours at 37ºC and under rotation of 150 cycles/min, the inoculums of the D153 strain of M. haemolytica A1, with concentrations varying between 1,5 x 10 8 a 8,20 x 10 9 CFU (Colonies Forming Unit), were infused at the karin region in all calves of each block, through transtraqueal route, while the calves were in right side lying. The reaction of the calves of each group (I to IV) to M. haemolytica A1 was characterized by: hipertermia and tachycardia, with body temperature and heart rate tending to be lower in groups I to III and reaching higher values in group IV. Respiratory rate increased in all groups after inoculation, with the values of groups III and IV tending to be higher. BPM qualitative clinical signs which indicated alterations of general physical condition, alterations of the cardiovascular system and ocular changes tended to improve along the progression of the disease when the four groups were compared. Additionally, the frequency of the mucous nasal... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Doutor

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O lodo da fossa sÃptica deve ser removido periodicamente. Esse material sedimentado e jà isento de material graxo à produto de digestÃes anaerÃbias transformados em compostos mais simples. Geralmente sÃo removidos por caminhÃo limpa fossa e dispostos nas estaÃÃes de tratamento de esgoto, quando estas existem. O lodo, apesar de ser extremamente rico em sÃlidos, possui teor de Ãgua considerÃvel que pode ser removido por tÃcnicas de desÃgÃe. De um modo geral, o desaguamento à utilizado para aumentar o teor de sÃlidos do lodo reduzindo seu volume. Esse material depois de estabilizado, por exemplo, atravÃs da compostagem, poderà ser aplicado no solo como adubo agrÃcola apÃs tratamento e avaliaÃÃo por meio de ensaios de caracterizaÃÃo e toxicidade. Dessa forma, o lodo de fossa sÃptica pode ter uma destinaÃÃo ambientalmente mais nobre, inclusive, diminui a quantidade de material sÃlido nas estaÃÃes de tratamento de esgoto e aumenta a vida Ãtil das lagoas devido a menor freqÃÃncia de dragagem. A proposta do trabalho à desenvolver uma metodologia de desÃgÃe do lodo atravÃs de geotÃxtil para avaliar a aplicaÃÃo de polÃmeros orgÃnicos e poliacrilamidas por meio de teste de jarro e ensaios de turbidez com a finalidade de estabelecer o tipo do polÃmero e suas concentraÃÃes que apresentem melhor eficiÃncia na reduÃÃo do teor de sÃlidos. A funÃÃo do polÃmero à favorecer a agregaÃÃo das partÃculas de sÃlidos e formaÃÃo de flocos atravÃs da desestabilizaÃÃo das forÃas quÃmicas ou fÃsicas atuantes nas partÃculas coloidais e no material particulado em suspensÃo imerso em meio lÃquido. Para avaliaÃÃo do geotÃxtil foram realizados ensaios de cone e saco suspenso. Nos testes de jarro foi verificado que os polÃmeros estudados apresentaram Ãtimos Ãndices de remoÃÃo de turbidez (82,0% - 99,8%) com aplicaÃÃes variando as concentraÃÃes de polÃmero de 14 a 275mg/L. Nos ensaios de cone as remoÃÃes variaram de 46,3% - 56,0%. Finalmente nos ensaios de saco suspenso as remoÃÃes variaram de 98,0% - 99,0%. Estas concentraÃÃes podem sofrer alteraÃÃes de acordo com as caracterÃsticas do lodo amostrado. / The sludge from the septic tank must be removed periodically. This material has been consolidated and free fatty material is the product of anaerobic digestion transformed into simpler compounds. Are usually removed by truck clean sump and disposed in sewage treatment plants, where these exist. The sludge, despite being extremely rich in solids, has a considerable content of water which can be removed by techniques outflow. In general, it is used for dewatering to increase the solids content of the slurry reducing its volume. This material is stabilized after, for example, by composting can be applied to agricultural land as a fertilizer after treatment and assessment by testing for characterization and toxicity. Thus, the septic tank sludge disposal can have a more environmentally noble even decreases the amount of solid material in sewage treatment plants and increases the life of the ponds due to lower frequency of dredging. The purpose of this study is to develop a sludge outflow through the geotextile to evaluate the application of organic polymers and polyacrylamides through jar test and turbidity tests in order to establish the type of polymer and their concentrations which have improved efficiency reducing the solids content. The function of the polymer is to promote the aggregation of solid particles and flocculation destabilization by chemical or physical forces acting on the particles in the colloidal and suspended particulate material immersed in a liquid medium. For evaluation of geotextile tests were performed cone and bag drop. In jar tests it was found that the polymers studied have optimum turbidity removal rates (82.0% - 99.8%) applications with varying concentrations of polymer from 14 to 275mg / L. In tests of the cone removals ranged from 46.3% - 56.0%. Finally assays bag suspended removals ranged from 98.0% - 99.0%. These concentrations may change according to the characteristics of the sludge sampled.