京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医科学) / 甲第17979号 / 医科博第48号 / 新制||医科||4(附属図書館) / 80823 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 小柳 義夫, 教授 五十嵐 樹彦, 教授 長田 重一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

yes / The Forkhead transcription factor, FoxO3a induces genomic death responses in neurones following translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. Nuclear translocation of FoxO3a is triggered by trophic factor withdrawal, oxidative stress and the stimulation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. Receptor activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signalling pathways retains FoxO3a in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting the transcriptional activation of death-promoting genes. We hypothesized that phenolic antioxidants such as tert-Butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), which is known to stimulate PI3K-Akt signalling, would inhibit FoxO3a translocation and activity. Treatment of cultured cortical neurones with NMDA increased the nuclear localization of FoxO3a, reduced the phosphorylation of FoxO3a, increased caspase activity and up-regulated Fas ligand expression. In contrast the phenolic antioxidant, tBHQ, caused retention of FoxO3a in the cytosol coincident with enhanced PI3K- dependent phosphorylation of FoxO3a. tBHQ-induced nuclear exclusion of FoxO3a was associated with reduced FoxO-mediated transcriptional activity. Exposure of neurones to tBHQ inhibited NMDA-induced nuclear translocation of FoxO3a, prevented NMDA-induced up-regulation of FoxO-mediated transcriptional activity, blocked caspase activation and protected neurones from NMDA-induced excitotoxic death. Collectively, these data suggest that phenolic antioxidants such as tBHQ oppose stress-induced activation of FoxO3a and therefore have potential neuroprotective utility in neurodegeneration.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:23:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6281.pdf: 1196634 bytes, checksum: 422ee8c02db41898a26d5fca8418a486 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Dexamethasone is widely used in clinical use due to its potent anti-allergic and antiinflammatory effects, but it has been shown that its chronic use can induce several side effects such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and muscle atrophy. Muscle atrophy occurs by an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic protein levels. Among catabolic proteins, FOXO3a, MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1 are directly related to muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone. Furthermore, it is known that some inflammatory proteins (TNF-α and IL-6) also participate in reduction of muscle weight. We have shown that aerobic exercise attenuates some of the side effects of dexamethasone, but nothing is known about interval training (IT) performed before and concomitant dexamethasone treatment. This study investigated if interval training is effective in attenuating muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone and if the proteins FOXO3a, MuRF-1, Atrogina-1, TNF-αand IL-6 are involved in this response. Rats were distributed into 4 groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary + Dexa (SD), trained control (TC), and trained + Dexa (TD), and underwent an interval training period (50% and 80% of maximal capacity, 2 and 1 min, respectively, 1h/day, 5 days / week, 70 days) or remained sedentary. Dexamethasone was administered during the last 10 days (0.5mg/kg per day i.p.). The rats were weighed weekly during training and daily during the treatment. The tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) were collected, weighed and stored for analysis of TNF-α, IL-6, FOXO3a, MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1protein levels using electrophoresis method, Western Blotting. Administration of dexamethasone resulted in a significant decrease in body weight (-17%) followed by reduction in TA (-22%) and FHL (-19%) muscles weight. This reduction in muscle weight involved a significant increase in MuRF-1 protein levels in TA (+27%) and FHL (+18%) muscles, although TNF-α (-37%FHL and -15% SOL) and IL-6 (-26% TA, - 24% FHL and -18% SOL) protein levels were reduced. Interval training was effective in blocking the increase of MuRF-1protein level in TA and FHL muscles, moreover interval training significantly reduced FOXO3a production level in TA muscle, in both groups, TC (-27%) and TD (-32%).This response was followed by an attenuation of TA muscle mass after training. Chronic treatment with dexamethasone, as well as training, did not change Atrogin-1protein level. The results of the present study allow us to conclude that MuRF-1 seems to be involved in TA and FHL muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone treatment, independent of inflammatory proteins signaling. On the other side, interval training determined TA muscle atrophy attenuation by decreasing MuRF-1 and FOXO3a without changes in TNF-α e IL-6 protein levels. / A dexametasona é amplamente utilizada no uso clínico, devido ao seu potente efeito antialérgico e anti-inflamátorio, entretanto o uso crônico pode induzir diversos efeitos deletérios, tais como hiperglicemia, hipertensão, hipercolesterolemia e atrofia muscular. A atrofia muscular se dá por um desbalanço entre proteínas catabólicas e anabólicas. Dentre as proteínas catabólicas, a FOXO3a, MuRF-1 e Atrogina-1 estão diretamente relacionadas com a atrofia muscular induzida pela dexametasona. Além disso, já se sabe que algumas proteínas inflamatórias (TNF-α e IL-6) também participam na redução de peso muscular. Demonstramos recentemente que o exercício físico aeróbio atenua alguns dos efeitos deletérios da dexametasona, mas nada se sabe sobre os benefícios do exercício físico intervalado (TI) realizado antes e concomitantemente ao tratamento com a dexametasona. Portanto o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar se o treinamento intervalado seria efetivo em prevenir a atrofia muscular induzida pela dexametasona (0,5mg/kg por 10 dias) e se as proteinas FOXO3a, MuRF-1, Atrogina-1, TNF-α e IL-6 estão envolvidas nesta resposta. Foram utilizados 56 ratos Wistar, separados em 4 grupos: sedentário controle (SC), sedentário tratado com dexametasona (SD), treinado controle (TC) e treinado tratado com dexametasona (TD). Após adaptação na esteira, os animais foram submetidos ao protocolo de TI (50% e 80% da capacidade máxima, 2 e 1 minutos, respectivamente, 1h / dia, 8 semanas, 5 dias / semana) ou mantidos como sedentários. O peso corporal (PC) foi verificado semanalmente durante o treinamento e diariamente durante o tratamento. Os músculos tibial anterior (TA), sóleo (SOL) e flexor longo do hálux (FHL) foram coletados, pesados e armazenados para análises de produção proteica de TNF-α, IL-6, FOXO3a, MuRF-1 e Atrogina-1 utilizando o método de eletroforese. O TI aumentou a capacidade física máxima dos animais treinados. A administração da dexametasona determinou diminuição significativa de PC (-17%) acompanhado de redução do peso muscular do TA (-22%) e FHL (-19%). Esta redução de peso muscular envolveu a proteína MuRF-1, que aumentou no TA (+27%) e FHL (+18%), embora tenha ocorrido diminuição significativa da produção proteica de TNF-α (-37% FHL e -15% SOL) e IL-6 (-26% TA, -24% FHL e -18% SOL) no grupo SD. O TI foi efetivo em bloquear o aumento de MuRF-1 nos músculos TA e FHL, ademais diminuiu significativamente a produção proteica de FOXO3a no músculo TA, tanto para o grupo TC (-27%) como TD (-32%), resposta acompanhada de atenuação da redução de peso muscular no TA, mas não no FHL (TD, -15%). O tratamento crônico com dexametasona, assim como o TI, não determinou alteração na Atrogina-1. Os resultados do presente estudo nos permitem concluir que a MuRF-1 parece estar envolvida na atrofia nos músculos TA e FHL induzida por 10 dias de tratamento com dexametasona, independentemente das alterações das proteínas inflamatórias (TNF-α e IL-6). O TI prévio, por sua vez, determinou atenuação da atrofia no TA por promover diminuição significativa na produção proteica de MuRF-1e de FOXO3a, sem alterar a produção proteica de TNF-α e IL-6.

No description available.