The aim of this work is to create a simple raytracer with IPP library, which will use the frameless rendering technique. The first part of this work focuses on the raytracing method. The next part analyzes the frameless rendering technique and its adaptive version with focus on adaptive sampling. Third part describes the IPP library and implementation of a simple raytracer using this library. The last part evaluates the speed and rendering quality of the implemented system.

Objectives: The aim of the retrospective study was to describe the brain biopsy procedure using a new frameless optical neuronavigation system and to report diagnostic yield and complications associated with the procedure. Materials and Methods: The medical records for all dogs with forebrain lesions that underwent brain biopsy with a frameless optical neuronavigation system in a single referral hospital between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively analysed. Following data were collected: signalment, neurological signs, diagnostic findings, number of brain biopsy samples, sampled region, complications, duration of hospitalisation, whether the samples were diagnostic and histopathological diagnoses. The device consists of a computer workstation with navigation software, an infrared camera, patient tracker and reflective instruments. The biopsy needle was equipped with reflective spheres, so the surgeon could see the position of the needle during sampling the intracranial lesion free handed through a mini-burr hole. Results: Ten dogs were included. Absolute diagnostic yield based on specific histopathological diagnosis was 73.9%. Three dogs had immune-mediated necrotizing encephalitis, two dogs showed a necrotizing leukoencephalitis and two dogs a meningoencephalitis of unknown origin. In two dogs, the brain specimen showed unspecific changes. In one dog, the samples were non-diagnostic. Seven dogs showed no neurological deterioration, one dog mild temporary ataxia and two dogs died within 36 hours post brain biopsy. Clinical Significance: In these 10 dogs, the frameless optical neuronavigation system employed was useful to gain diagnostic brain biopsy samples. Considering the mortality rate observed, further studies are needed to confirm the safety of this procedure and prove its actual clinical effectiveness.

This master's thesis deals with the problem of real-time rendering of computer graphics using the method of frameless rendering} as counterpart to the traditional way, which is based on switching between two output buffers. Frameless rendering method is defined and studied in greater depth and its adaptive variant, which delivers better output quality without a~significant reduction of latency, is described in detail. In addition, this thesis describes the implementation of the application which has been developed to demonstrate the principle and functionality of the frameless rendering on the selected scenes. It also includes evaluation of performed tests focused to the output quality.

The aim with this project was to study the power output from a frameless bifacial photovoltaic (PV) system relative to a traditional monofacial PV system with a frame. A general overview of how the geographical conditions affects the energy utilization of different PV systems is investigated throughout the project. Also, the study examined if further comparisons and evaluations, between PV systems, can be better established. The two examined solar parks, installed under different conditions, are located in Uppsala and Enköping, Sweden. In order to fulfill the aim and compare the different PV systems, three cases were analyzed. To increase the credibility of a comparison between the two cities, a sensitivity analysis considering the weather condition was executed. In case one, the result indicates that a bifacial panel is 5.2% and 3.6% more advantageous than a traditional monofacial panel during summer and winter, respectively. In case two, the frameless, more tilted and elevated bifacial panel is 58% and 680% more advantageous than a traditional monofacial panel during summer and winter, respectively. Also, in case three, the frameless, more tilted and elevated bifacial panel is 19% and 76% more advantageous than a bifacial panel with frame during summer and winter, respectively. When installing a new solar park, it is important to consider the location’s specific features since these affects the energy yield of the PV system. Future installations, which are installed with the intention to evaluate certain properties, is suggested to be installed with more initially comparable conditions in mind.

Cold-formed steel structures have been in service for many years and are used as shelters for both domestic and industrial purposes. To produce an economical product, manufacturers have typically based their designs on the simple portal frame concept. As there is almost a direct relationship between overall cost and the weight of steel in a portal frame structure, it is of great importance to provide a structure with the minimum amount of steel whilst providing structural adequacy. Portal frame sheds have been refined continuously for many years, with only minimal amounts of savings in steel. Therefore, to provide even greater savings in steel, an innovative building system is required. Modern Garages Australia (MGA) is one of the leading cold-formed steel shed manufacturers in Queensland. MGA has recently developed such an innovative building system that has significant economic savings when compared with portal frame structures. The MGA building system has two key differences to that of the conventional portal frame system. These differences are that the MGA system has no conventional frames or framing system, and it has no purlins or girts. This results in the MGA system being completely fabricated from thin cladding, which significantly reduces the quantity of steel. However, the key problem with this building system is that the load paths and structural behaviour are unknown, and therefore the structure cannot be analysed using conventional methods. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to first investigate the structural behaviour of this new building system and its adequacy for an ultimate design wind speed of 41 m/s using full scale testing. The next objectives were to use finite element analysis to optimise the original MGA building system so that it is adequate for an ultimate design wind speed of 41 m/s, and to develop a new improved cold-formed steel building system that has greater structural efficiency than the original MGA building system. This thesis presents the details of the innovative MGA building system, full scale test setup, testing program, finite element analysis of the MGA building system and the results. Details and results from the optimisation of the MGA building system, and the development of a new improved cold-formed steel building system are also presented. The full scale experimental investigation considered the required loadings of cross wind, longitudinal wind and live load test cases and simulated them on the test structure accurately using an innovative load simulation system. The wind loads were calculated for a 41 m/s ultimate design wind speed. Full scale test program included both non-destructive and destructive tests. The finite element analyses contained in this thesis have considered cross wind, longitudinal wind and live load cases, as well as the destructive load case of the MGA building system. A number of different model types were created and their results were compared with the experimental results. In general, two main model types were created. The first type consisted of a 'strip' of the MGA building system (Strip model) and the second modelled the full structure (Full model). Both of these model types were further divided into models which contained no contact surfaces and those which contained contact surfaces to simulate the interfaces between the various components such as the brackets and cladding. The experimental test results showed that the MGA test structure is not suitable for an ultimate design wind speed of 41 m/s. This conclusion is a result of a number of observed failures that occurred during the extensive testing program. These failures included local buckling, crushing failures, and distortional buckling of the cladding panels. Extremely large deflections were also observed. It was calculated that for the MGA building system to be adequate for the design wind speed of 41 m/s, a cladding thickness of 0.8 mm was required. This also agreed well with the finite element analysis results which concluded that a cladding thickness of 0.8 mm was required. In order to avoid the increased use of steel in the building system, a new improved cold-formed steel building system was developed and its details are provided in this thesis. A finite element model of this new improved cold-formed steel building system was created and the results showed that the new building system was able to achieve a load step equivalent to an ultimate design wind speed of 50.4 m/s and was approximately 250% stiffer than the original MGA building system, without any increase in the overall weight of the building system. It is recommended that this new improved cold-formed steel building system be further developed with the aid of finite element modelling and be tested using a similar full scale testing program that was used for the original MGA building system.

Tinnitus is a common and often severely disabling symptom that is characterized by the perceived sensation of sound in the absence of an external stimulus. Traditional treatment approaches have limited efficacy. It is assumed, that tinnitus is connected with dysfunctional activation of neuronal plasticity induced by altered sensory and somatosensory input. Adaptive neuroplastic processes alter the balance between excitatory and inhibitory function of the auditory system at several levels. Functional imaging studies in tinnitus patients have revealed increased neronal activity of primary auditory cortex (PAC). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces changes of neuronal activity that outlast the stimulation period. Low-frequency rTMS over the PAC region results in a decrease of cortical activity by inducing long term depression (LTD) and leads to reduced tinnitus perception. The aim of this study was to assess in prospective randomized placebo- controlled study the ability of active low-frequency rTMS guided by frameless stereotaxy to affect symptoms of chronic tinnitus compared to placebo stimulation. Treatment outcome was assessed by subjective specific questionnaires; Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ) and Visual analogue scales (VAS1, VAS2)...

В работе рассмотрен вопрос оценки надежности бескаркасной арочной конструкции пролетом 35 метров при использовании в климатических условиях Свердловской области, так же выполнен дополнительный расчет второго пролета 20 метров, для наглядного понимания надежности подобных конструкций, сама оценка произведена в программе «Лира-САПР», создана модель арочной конструкции, из тонкостенных холодногнутых профилей с поперечно-гофрированными гранями. Собраны и приложены действующие на конструкцию нагрузки. Произведены соответствующие расчеты. По результатам расчетов сделан вывод о том, арочные конструкции и их прочностные характеристики рассматриваемых конструкций с пролетом 35 метров, не отвечают требованиям прочности и надежности, арочные конструкции с пролетом 20 метров, отвечают требованиям прочности и надежности только лишь частично. / The paper considers the issue of assessing the reliability of a frameless arched structure with a span of 35 meters when used in the climatic conditions of the Sverdlovsk region, an additional calculation of the second span of 20 meters was also performed, for a clear understanding of the reliability of such structures, the assessment itself was made in the Lira-CAD program, a model was created arched structure made of thin-walled cold-formed profiles with transversely corrugated edges. The loads acting on the structure are collected and applied. The corresponding calculations were made. Based on the results of the calculations, it was concluded that the arched structures and their strength characteristics of the structures under consideration with a span of 35 meters do not meet the requirements for strength and reliability, arched structures with a span of 20 meters meet the requirements of strength and reliability only partially.

The topic of this diploma thesis was to design a winery house in the open landscape in a traditional wine landscape of Mikulov. The designed building serves as a four stars hotel with apartment rooms, restaurant, wellness, wine shop and a small wine farm with a storage of wine. There are unique views to the Mikulov city, Turold hill and surounding vineyards. The longitudinal axe is oriented on northeast–southwest. Majority of rooms, terraces and both atriums are directed on prospective axes. The object has one basement and three groundfloors. It is (situated) into the sloping terrain and constrasts with the wavy landscape of Mikulov for its racional and linear conception. It is inspired by terracced formations in near suroundings and uses it for its mass as well. It creates a new landscape dominant that remainds the geological formation of limestone situated in the surroundings of the Mikulov city. The regular rhytm of windows on facade refers to the Mikulov´s renaissance. The regular placement of window openings, and their rhythm are inspirated by Mikulov renaissance. Smaller holes, glass surfaces, light color of facade, green roof and shielding elements prevent from overheating the object during the summer. The water element in the courtyard offers pleasant refreshment for the visitors.