This thesis explores the dissemination and development of science in colonial America. Specifically, I examine a general periodical (or newspaper), the Pennsylvania Gazette, in the years 1729 - 1755 for articles on natural philosophy, naturalism, technics, medicine, and husbandry, among others. I approach several concerns: the role of the Gazette in the 'popularization' and accessibility of science, the image of natural philosophy that was promoted in the Gazette, how the Gazette served the interests of the public and of those doing science, and how this history influenced science and the press. Public acceptance of scientific method and results made the newspaper critical for a developing colonial American science tied to commercial interests. The image of science presented utilized rationality, empiricism, commercial viability, and opposition to superstition. The Gazette sought a reading public which embodied this epistemology. And to attract an audience, it made science entertaining and meaningful. Yet I little effort went into making science directly accessible through the Gazette. The style of science in the paper remained top down I necessitating expertise, time, and resources for any in the public interested in doing science. No theory and little in the way of explanations could be found in its pages, only what might be termed 'matters of fact' and advertisements for the lectures, texts, and products of science. Those doing science used al ternati ve venues for communicating. Thus, science in the press followed market and governmental forms with a structure of specialization and representation which I term "republican science." I conclude by noting that this form of public science continues in today's newspapers. / Master of Science

Probably no economic institution of our modern world is affected with a greater public interest than money. Few subjects have been more discussed and few factors have had more influence upon the progress of civilization than has money. It has become perhaps the most indispensable of all the tools which we use in our urbanized modern life. [...]

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The proponents of non-conventional lightning protection devices claim that these devices are superior to the conventional Franklin Rod. Lack of systematic study and insufficient field data make it difficult to compare the non-conventional lightning protection devices with the conventional ones. Previously, the performance of various air terminals was studied by comparing the emission current through various dissipation devices in the MSU High Voltage Laboratory. The study of emission current from the air terminals gives an idea about the space charge developing over them. However, it does not show the behavior of air terminals to attract or repel lightning strikes. The present study presents the measurements of critical flashover (CFO) voltage of the air terminals. The CFO voltage shows the ability of an air terminal to attract or reduce the chance of lightning strike to the protected object.

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Chief Justice William Allen and Benjamin Franklin met hundreds of times prior to Franklin's departure to London in 1757, and yet very little has been written about Allen. For over twenty years, Franklin and Allen worked closely on a variety of municipal improvements: the library, the hospital, the school, the fire company and many other projects that were the first of their kind in America. And while Allen was Franklin's main benefactor for close to twenty-five years --it was Allen's endorsement of Franklin that got him his job as Postmaster-- Franklin mentions him only twice in his <italic>Autobiography / History

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Ce mémoire étudie les processus décisionnels des gouvernements américain et canadien entourant la Conférence intergouvernementale d'Évian de 1938 convoquée par Franklin D. Roosevelt pour venir en aide aux réfugiés juifs du Ille Reich. La pertinence scientifique de cette recherche s'explique par l'absence d'analyse de l'information envoyée par les membres des corps diplomatiques, et de prise en compte des modèles américain et canadien de prise de décision. Nous présentons donc d'abord l'information que les diplomates postés en Allemagne, en Autriche et à Genève envoyèrent à leur gouvernement respectif. Ceci nous permet de tracer le portrait dont les gouvernements Roosevelt et King disposaient à propos des persécutions nazies commises à l'endroit des communautés juives allemande et autrichienne. À la lumière de ces portraits, nous analysons par la suite les processus décisionnels des gouvernements américain et canadien au cours des mois précédant la conférence. Cette conférence nous sert d'exemple pour comparer les modèles de prise de décision des gouvernements Roosevelt et King. Nous démontrons que le refus des États-Unis et du Canada de s'engager à participer au-delà de leur acte de présence à Évian résulte directement des décisions prises personnellement par Franklin Roosevelt et par Mackenzie King. En effet, Roosevelt délégua les responsabilités reliées à la conférence au Département d'État américain qu'il savait opposé à l'immigration juive aux États-Unis. De son côté, King se plaça lui-même au coeur de la prise de décision pour s'assurer d'une participation passive du Canada à Évian. Roosevelt et King étaient tous deux motivés par des intérêts avant tout politiques. Ainsi, une participation sans engagement à la conférence leur permit de se prétendre préoccupés par le sort des réfugiés politiques, tout en refusant d'accepter un nombre indéterminé de Juifs qu'ils ne désiraient pas à l'intélieur de leurs frontières. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Franklin Roosevelt, William Lyon Mackenzie King, Conférence d'Évian (1938), Juifs, Émigration –Immigration.