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Cette thèse a pour objectif d’étudier les représentations et les récits liés aux aménagements controversés que peuvent être les barrages hydrauliques. Si la fonction symbolique des barrages a souvent été soulignée par la littérature scientifique, peu de travaux sont réellement consacrés à leurs représentations et à leurs trajectoires spatiales et temporelles. En s’inspirant d'études issues de la géographie sociale et culturelle sur les représentations et de la political ecology sur les discours, la thèse confronte différentes sources (presse, entretiens et archives), terrains (France et Australie) et approches méthodologiques (quantitatives et qualitatives) pour retracer l’évolution discursive des infrastructures hydrauliques. Les points de vue de différents acteurs sont aussi considérés: les habitants, les ingénieurs et les institutions hydrauliques, les opposants aux barrages, les administrations en charge de la protection de la nature ou encore les scientifiques qui produisent des connaissances sur l’environnement. D'un point de vue méthodologique, la thèse révèle les biais de certains matériaux et souligne l'intérêt de poursuivre leur croisement. Les résultats montrent l’évolution de waterscapes, d’espaces et de cycles hydrosociaux, par exemple les concessions progressives faites aux environnementalistes aux dépens des hydrocraties ; ils mettent aussi en avant, plus généralement, la production et la circulation de discours, notamment à l’occasion de conflits et de controverses, qui conduisent au délitement du discours prométhéen sur la nature et à la diffusion de représentations concurrentes de l'environnement. / The aim of this PhD thesis is to study representations and narratives on dams, which are often controversial infrastructures. If the symbolic role of dams has been underlined in the literature, few studies actually focus on the perception of dams and their spatial and temporal trajectories. Building on the literature of social and cultural geography on representation, and the writings of political ecology on discourse, this thesis confronts different sources (newspapers, interviews and archives), study areas (in France and Australia) and methodological approaches (quantitative and qualitative) in order to follow the discursive evolution of hydraulic infrastructure. The points of view of various stakeholders are also considered: inhabitants, engineers and hydraulic institutions, opponents to dams, administrations in charge of nature protection and scientists who produce environmental knowledge. From a methodologicial perspective, the dissertation highlights the limits of certain material and illustrates the necessity to consider different sources in parallel. The results show the evolution of waterscapes, hydrosocial spaces and cycles---the gradual concessions made to environmentalists at the expense of hydraulic bureaucracies---but they also illustrate, on a broader perspective, the production and the flow of discourses on the environment---the disaggregation of a Promethean discourse on nature and the multiplication of different and sometimes opposing representations of the environment---particularly during conflicts and controversies.

L'application programmée de l'Amgot, lors de la libération de la France en 1944 s'est heurtée à la farouche opposition de de Gaulle. Cette thèse fut reprise pendant 50 ans dans l'historiographie française. Les études américaines considèrent plutôt les Affaires civiles des armées alliées, corps chargé du gouvernement militaire, comme une contingence. Pour disposer d'une évaluation des moyens, de l'emploi et des objectifs des Affaires civiles, nous étudions qualitativement et quantitativement ses capacités, ainsi que ses doctrines. En employant les sources diplomatiques, nous essayons de discerner les volontés américaines, mais aussi les perceptions françaises. Nous nous attardons sur une vision plus réaliste de la politique de Roosevelt pour montrer que les relations hostiles envers de Gaulle ne sont pas que personnelles mais découlent d'oppositions politiques concrètes. Cette étude permet finalement de déterminer la puissance réelle des Affaires civiles et d'estimer si elles furent un instrument politique ou une contingence.

The Senate Munitions Committee of 1934-1936, chaired by Gerald Nye of North Dakota, provided the first critical examination of America's modern military establishment. The committee approached its task guided by the optimism of the progressive Social Gospel and the idealism of earlier times, but in the middle of the munitions inquiry the nation turned to new values represented in Reinhold Niebuhr's realism and Franklin D. Roosevelt's Second New Deal. By 1936, the committee found its views out of place in a nation pursuing a new course and in a world threatening to break out in war. Realist historians writing in the cold war period (1945-1990) closely linked the munitions inquiry to isolationism and created a one-dimensional history in which the committee chased evil "merchants of death." The only book-length study of the munitions investigation, John Wiltz's In Search of Peace, published in 1963, provided a realist interpretation. The munitions inquiry went beyond the merchants of death in its analysis of the post-World War I American military establishment. A better understanding emerges when the investigation is considered not only within an isolationist framework, but also as part of the intellectual, cultural, and political history of the interwar years. In particular, Franklin Roosevelt's political use of the investigation becomes apparent. Sources used include the committee's hearings, exhibits, and reports, the Gerald Nye Papers, the Franklin Roosevelt Papers, the Cordell Hull Papers, the R. Walton Moore Papers, the Henry Stimson Papers, the Homer Cummings Diaries, and the State Department's decimal files.

This thesis aims to examine the representative of classic Enlightenment self-help text, Benjamin Franklin's Way to Wealth, and two representatives of the slave narrative genre, Frederick Douglass's and Olaudah Equiano's works, in terms of their possible affinity. The thesis compares and contrasts the individual texts and seeks to find analogies in structure and content which would indicate the influence of the self-help genre in American literature on the narratives and demonstrate the presence of the self-improvement element in the reading of slave narratives. The thesis consists of two key parts, the theoretical introduction onto the issues and practical part which analyses the texts themselves. KEY WORDS Frederick Douglass, Olaudah Equiano, Benjamin Franklin, slave narratives, self-help books, self-improvement, US history, uplift, autobiography, slavery, Enlightenment, 18th Century, 19th Century

As a result of development pressures and water resource struggles, once rural, spatially segregated coastal commercial fishing villages along the U.S. portion of the Gulf of Mexico are increasingly tourist frontiers for elites and the emergent businesses that cater to them. Over the course of the twentieth century, water events, from coastal land loss to hurricane destruction to natural disaster, have fast-tracked development projects that have allowed for the expansion of the tourism sector, and relaxed policies to encourage bold new economic development initiatives that often put poor coastal communities and their environment in jeopardy. This outcome is not universal across the northern Gulf Coast, but contingent on a number of local factors overlooked in the literature on coastal tourism and water policy development. This paper investigates the local nuances that have emerged as responses to global and regional development pressures by focusing on the ways in which local values and policy decisions have influenced the spread of coastal urbanization. An intensive analysis will examine the layered effects of changing land-use patterns and tourism growth pressures on three at-risk coastal communities in Louisiana, Mississippi and Florida, in the United States. This paper will test the hypothesis that coastal communities affected by a similar set of development pressures respond to these forces in different ways, depending on complex local and regional variabilities. The paper’s focus is centered on Northern Gulf Coast tourism growth patterns from post-World War II through 2018, and employs a mixed method, multiple-sited case-study design.

The global Cold War is used frequently by historians to frame the context of political, economic, social, military, and geographic history of the 20th century. This is often the case in Africa as well. This thesis set out to explore U.S.- South African relations during the 1960s. After conducting research in Record Group 59 (State Department Records) of the National Archives from 1967-1973, three case studies emerged that suggested that reexamination of how historians traditionally view U.S.-South African relations during this time period is necessary. The three case studies include U.S. use of naval ports in South Africa, the strategic geographic location of South Africa and its importance to NASA's satellite and missile tracking stations, and the policy of selling of weapons to South Africa by the U.S. While this is by no means an exhaustive study of this time period due to limited time in the National Archives, it does offer promise for more research involving this topic.

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The Lower Ordovician El Paso Group is a >400-m-thick carbonate succession exposed in the Franklin Mountains, El Paso, Texas. The El Paso Group contains multiple breccias related to collapsed-paleocave systems. These breccias have been documented as having formed during the top-Lower Ordovician Sauk depositional supersequence lowstand. Evidence presented in this study suggests that cave formation may have been as much as 350 million years younger and related to Laramide oblique right lateral compression. Regardless of the timing of formation, the breccias mapped in this study are of collapsed paleocave origin based on breccia clast organization and matrix content. Speleogenetic models are compared against observations of breccia distribution by direct field observations and mapping on sub-meter airborne light detection and ranging or lidar data. Point vectors were defined for every point within study area to highlight subtle changes in outcrop erosional profile for mapping geological features directly on the lidar point cloud. In addition, spectral data from airborne photography and hyperspectral image analysis were used assist in geological contact definition. A digital outcrop model was constructed from 3D geologic mapping results from which spatial statistic were extracted and used to reconstruct collapsed paleocave breccia bodies. The resultant breccia geometries were compared against laser-scanned modern cave dimensions, from Devil's Sinkhole, Rocksprings, Texas, and used in analysis of conceptual models for cave formation. The breccias of the southern Franklin Mountains follow linear trends that closely match Riedel shear fracture patterns predicted from right-lateral oblique compression. Stress orientations that match right-lateral oblique compression in the Phanerozoic of the El Paso region are related to the Laramide orogeny. The relationship of observed structures and the orientation of collapse breccias may indicate that southern Franklin Mountain breccia bodies are the result of a solution-enhanced tectonic karst system. / text

Orientador: Suzi Frankl Sperber / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T18:00:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes_AnitaMartinsRodriguesde_M.pdf: 3653614 bytes, checksum: 0b9c8d86743bc96914c293e84c768594 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: A presente tese dedica-se ao estudo de alguns dos pressupostos teóricos subjacentes a leituras críticas de obras das chamadas literaturas africanas de língua portuguesa. Na primeira parte da tese, ¿Traçando o percurso: em terra sonâmbula¿, em que analisamos o romance Terra Sonâmbula, de Mia Couto, duas estratégias de interpretação adquirem destaque: 1) a que enfatiza a busca de traços de oralidade no texto, sugerindo-se que o intertexto com a oralidade determina a estrutura romanesca, sendo a camada dos contos e provérbios decisiva; 2) a que interpreta as estratégias de composição do romance à luz dos desafios que um evento de violência radical, como a guerra civil moçambicana, impõe à narrativa. O recuo teórico, que é empreendido na segunda parte, ¿Desfazendo o traçado: recuo teórico¿, investiga alguns dos pressupostos destas duas estratégias analítico-interpretativas. No capítulo ¿A palavra justa¿, primeiro capítulo da segunda parte, tratamos especialmente do instrumental analítico desenvolvido pelos estudos do discurso testemunhal (com destaque para as teóricas Jeanne-Marie Gagnebin e Shoshana Felman) e pelos estudos pós-coloniais (com destaque para Edward Said, Arlindo Barbeitos e Mudimbe). Nosso foco está na imbricação de estratégias discursivas e posicionamentos ético-políticos, eixo das teorizações dos dois campos teóricos abordados. No segundo capítulo desta segunda parte, intitulado ¿A escrita culpada¿, apresentamos o estudo da dicotomia escrita/oralidade, remontando a Jean-Jacques Rousseau e perpassando teóricos bastante demandados no âmbito dos estudos de traços de oralidade nas literaturas africanas: Vladímir Propp, Walter Benjamin e Paul Zumthor. Nosso interesse é explicitar certas associações (como liberdade, alegria e oralidade versus impedimento, solidão e escrita) e pressupostos (como a linearidade histórica e o condicionamento econômico e/ou de mídia) muitas vezes implicados na reposição desta dicotomia em âmbito dos estudos das literaturas africanas, como também sugerir convergências e divergências nas formulações dos pensadores estudados. A parte final do trabalho (¿Furtivo traçado, algumas considerações finais¿) é dedicada às considerações conclusivas, que relacionam as partes anteriores e incluem uma nova abordagem do romance. De certa forma, a estrutura da tese reflete nosso percurso investigativo, que foi da obra coutiana à investigação teórica, a partir de aspectos de sua fortuna crítica / Abstract: This dissertation is dedicated to the study of some theoretical presuppositions underlying the critical readings of the so-called African Literature of Portuguese Language. In the first part of the dissertation, "Tracing the Path: in Terra Sonâmbula", in which we analyze the book Terra Sonâmbula (Sleepwalking Land), by Mia Couto, two main interpretative strategies are revealed: 1) the one that searches for traces of orality in the text, and suggests that the intertext with orality determines its Romanesque structure ¿ to which the short stories and proverbs are decisive; 2) the one that analyses the novel¿s compositional structures in search of the challenges that a radical event of violence, for example the civil war in Mozambique, imposes to the narrative. The theoretical retreat, which is undertaken in the second part, "Undoing the Path: Theoretical Retreat", investigates some of the suppositions of these two strategies of analysis and interpretation. In the chapter "The Fair Word", first chapter of the second part, we focus on the analytical instruments developed by the studies of testimonial discourses (especially Jeanne-Marie Gagnebin and Shoshana Felman) and the post-colonial discourses (especially Edward Said, Arlindo Barbeitos and Mudimbe). Our focus is on the imbrication between discursive strategies and ethical-political positionings, which form the theoretical core of the two fields approached. In the second chapter of the second part, titled ¿The Guilty Writing¿, we present the study of the dichotomy between writing and orality, remounting to Jean-Jacques Rousseau and perpassing some acclaimed theoreticians of the study of orality traces in African Literature: Vladímir Propp, Walter Benjamin and Paul Zumthor. Our interest is to make explicit certain associations (like freedom, joy and orality versus impediment, solitude and writing) and presuppositions (like the historical linearity and the economical conditioning and/or midia) many times implicated in the repositioning of this dichotomy in the field of African Literature Studies, as well as suggest some convergencies and divergencies in the formulations of these thinkers. The final part of the work (Furtive Writing: Some Final Considerations) is dedicated to conclusive considerations, which relate the previous parts and include a new approach to the novel. Somehow, the structure of the dissertation reflects our investigative path, which went from the Couto's novel to the theoretical investigation of its critical fortune / Mestrado / Literatura Brasileira / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária