In the context of the Franks–Misiurewicz conjecture, we study homeomorphisms of the two-torus semiconjugate to an irrational rotation of the circle. As a special case, this conjecture asserts uniqueness of the rotation vector in this class of systems. We first characterize these maps by the existence of an invariant ‘foliation’ by essential annular continua (essential subcontinua of the torus whose complement is an open annulus) which are permuted with irrational combinatorics. This result places the considered class close to skew products over irrational rotations. Generalizing a well-known result of Herman on forced circle homeomorphisms, we provide a criterion, in terms of topological properties of the annular continua, for the uniqueness of the rotation vector. As a byproduct, we obtain a simple proof for the uniqueness of the rotation vector on decomposable invariant annular continua with empty interior. In addition, we collect a number of observations on the topology and rotation intervals of invariant annular continua with empty interior.

Although the Liber Historiae Francorum is the only surviving contemporary chronicle which treats the fifty years spanning the turn of the seventh to the eighth century in Frankish Gaul, it has been generally mistrusted by students of the period. This thesis is an attempt to discover whether the reputation is just or whether the chronicle might yield new information about the later Merovingian age. In so doing it asks three questions: 1) Is the work's latest edition, which is now nearly 100 years old, still the best version of the text we can achieve? 2) How accurate is the LHF's description of events? 3) Does a study of the author and his attitudes yield any insight into the nature of late Merovingian politics and society? The study concludes that the edition is an accurate rendering of the surviving manuscripts and an adequate basis for study of the work. This is true despite the fact that the contents of one early manuscript, which was unknown to the work's editor, calls into question the currently held assumptions concerning order, date, and composition of the LHF's recensions. Although the chronicle does indeed contain many errors in its earlier parts, for the period from the 650's (LHF-43) to the end of the work, there are a surprising number of instances where its version of events is either as believable as or more probable than the currently accepted view. An analysis of the author and his attitudes outlines a picture of late Merovingian politics as conducted by factions of leading Neustrians, whom the chronicler calls the Franci, and who could find unity in the loyalty due the legitimate Merovingian king.

No description available.

In the course of the thesis, it has been shown that the history of civitates closely reflects major events, ideals and developments within society. Thus, within the confines of this thesis, it has been possible to illuminate political, religious and cultural changes throughout the period. It is for this reason that a study of this type is important to the further understanding of an otherwise obscure and often neglected period of history.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 5, 2007) 9 unnumbered blank pages at end of manuscript. Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-Diss.--Georg-August-Universität zu Göttingen. / Cover title. Vita.

The geopolitical area of the Carpathian Basin was situated on the boundaries of the classical Greek and Latin literacy in the 9th century. There are no internal written sources dating back to the mentioned period characterizing the societies inhabiting the area. That is the reason why the political and social situation can be observed indirectly only via external written sources and archeological methods. The Avar Khaganate was completely annihilated by the wars between the Avars and Franks and the campaigns of the Bulgars from the hypothetical political map of the 9th century Europe. Nevertheless, the internal political crisis undoubtedly contributed to the swift disintegration of Avaria, vaguely described in the primary sources. The evidence of narrative texts and archeology, however, suggest that these processes did not bring dramatic changes in the "ethnic" composition of the Carpathian Basin population. The introductory chapters of this thesis give an overview on a set of written sources and tendencies in modern archaeological research. The research part of the thesis investigates not only the possible concepts of the continuous presence of Avars in the 9th century Central Europe, but also the questions about the chronology of the Carpathian Basin settlement by the Magyar tribes. Taking into...

The historians writing in the Carolingian Empire, with a few important exceptions, frequently ascribed events in recent history to God. Where they have been noticed at all, these statements of God’s agency have usually been explained as political propaganda, to demonstrate God’s favour towards the reigning dynasty. Alternatively, they have been explained by the legacy of late antique Christian historians, from which this language supposedly derived. This thesis aims to demonstrate that this language was a distinctive and innovative feature of the emerging tradition of Carolingian history writing and is best explained in religious terms. It argues that Carolingian historians reflected the emphasis on God’s agency found throughout contemporary culture and that they deliberately reshaped the Christian language bequeathed by their Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Frankish predecessors. It offers a text-by-text analysis of how God’s agency functioned within each major Carolingian history, to further show the versatility of this language over the period. Taken together, these texts suggest that Carolingian historians wanted to teach their audiences about God’s agency and its implications for their own beliefs, identities, and behaviour. As a result, these histories and their depictions of God’s agency can be seen as a distinctive contribution to Carolingian religious renewal. This thesis thus aims to contribute to our understanding of the relationship between religion, history, and culture in early medieval Europe.

Après son installation à Chypre en 1192 en tant que suzerain de l’île, Guy de Lusignan centralise l’autorité militaire, afin d’instaurer la défense de sa nouvelle possession. En effet, l’île de Chypre a toujours fait l’objet de convoitises et de conquêtes. Poste avancé en Méditerranée, l’insularité de Chypre lui confère une protection naturelle face à ses voisins, ce qui ne l’empêche pas de subir des raids et des attaques de la part de ses voisins continentaux. Sous la souveraineté de l’Empire byzantin jusqu’au VIIe siècle, elle est conquise en 645 par les Arabes, puis récupérée en 965 par Nicéphore II Phocas. L’île accueille des guerres sur son sol au VIIe siècle, mais également des révoltes urbaines, notamment au XIe siècle. Ces révoltes isolées sont dues pour la plupart à l’éloignement de l’Empire. Les Chypriotes, Grecs pour la majorité d’entre eux, manifestent leur attachement à Byzance et rejettent de ce fait l’usurpation d’Isaac Comnène en 1184. Ce dernier est la cause de la guerre qui marque l’entrée de l’île de... / After settling on the island of Cyprus as the suzerain of the land in 1192, Guy de Lusignan first actions were to consolidate his authority and establish strong defences on his new holding. Cyprus has always been coveted and fought for: its geographical situation in the Mediterranean sea as well as its insularity provided a natural protection in front of its neighbours, but it never stopped the many attacks and raids. Ruling by the Byzantine empire until the VIIth century, the island is conquered by the Arabs in 645, and won back in 965 by Nicéphore II Bocas. Wars will be fought on the island during the VIIth century, but Cyprus will also be torn by revolts, particularly during the XIth century. Cypriots, Greeks for the most part, riot as a testimony of the bonds they feel for Byzantium and resent Isaac Comnène's usurpation in 1184. He will be the main cause of the war that will see Cyprus fall under Latin dominion in 1192. Even if the crusaders had already been using the island as a port of call since the XIth century, the island only became a part of the occidental ...

I denna uppsats undersöks intersektionalitet och normer i Anne Franks dagbok (2016). Syftet är att synliggöra hur de intersektionella kategorierna samverkar och förhåller sig till varandra, samt hur genren dagbok påverkade kategorierna och normer i dagboken. Det undersöktes också om normer påverkade Anne Franks dagboksskrivande och i så fall till vilken grad och vilken betydelse normer har i dagboken. Normer är oskrivna regler som är skapade av samhället och är koppade till olika föreställningar om bland annat kultur, religion och genus. Textanalysen gjordes genom användningen av en kvalitativ intersektionell textanalys där detundersöktes vilka kategorier som går att finna i dagboken och om de korsade varandra, och hur de i så fall samverkade. Resultatet i den litterära analysen visar vilka maktordningar som förekommer i Anne Franksdagbok (2016) och hur de är kopplade till etnicitet, ålder, genus och sexualitet, samt klass. Flera av kategorierna är implicita på grund av att Anne var en ung judisk flicka som fick genomlida många orättvisor då de är kopplade till de inre och yttre egenskaper som Anne besatt. Resultatet visar också hur de samverkar och förstärker varandra och att de är samspelta i texten. Dagboken synliggör att det finns maktrelationer där Anne beskrev hur dessa påverkade hennes liv i gömstället, både före och under andra världskriget. Eftersom maktrelationer skapar orättvisor och ojämlikhet i samhället genom att kategorisera folk i över- och underordnade positioner kan de förändras om de synliggörs. Genom medvetenhet kan diskriminering minska eller upphöra. Resultatet visade också att normer påverkade Annes dagboksskrivande även om de var i relation till hennes självreflektioner. Normer är oskrivna regler som styr upp etiska dilemman men som inte leder till något straff för normbrytaren. De styr människors handlanden och attityder gent emot varandra. Intersektionalitet vilar på normer som är skapade av samhället. / Litteraturvetenskap / svenska