Under the auspices of Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights the right to freedom of expression is said to be held by everyone and to include the freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority, subject to the limitation clauses outlined in Article 10(2). Whilst the text of Article 10 therefore makes no explicit reference to specifically artistic expression, the European Court of Human Rights has, in its interpretation of ‘information and ideas’, nevertheless accepted that artistic expression does indeed fall within the ambit of Article 10’s protection of freedom of expression. However, despite the Court recognising artistic expression as a form of expression within the framework of Article 10, conclusions reached in the early case law concerning the issue of controversial artworks would appear to suggest the judicial creation of an implicit hierarchy of expression under which artistic expression is seen to enjoy a relatively low level of protection. Given the non-differentiated articulation of the right to freedom of expression enounced in the text of Article 10, the creation of such a hierarchy of expression is therefore a cause for doctrinal concern. In seeking to assess this misnomer the thesis’ analysis of the treatment of artistic expression under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights may be distilled in to two component parts. Firstly, a theoretical basis will be established from which artistic expression may be located within the context of the discourse pertaining to freedom of expression more generally. Having confirmed that, whilst of a distinctive, sui generis nature, artistic expression may indeed constitute ‘expression’ for the purposes of freedom of expression doctrine the second part of the thesis will examine the particular question of artistic expression’s treatment under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Guimaraes Buchiniani.pdf: 693510 bytes, checksum: d918aded62d0a94871f5ad2744dbbb83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-07 / After the more than twenty seven years of existence of the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution which interrupted, since the beginning of the Republic in 1889, a long period of countless limitations of the individual and artistic liberties, to ensure through all of the text the effectiveness of making art to be the duty of the State and the right of the citizen to express oneself and to artistically interfere in the day-to-day of society upon stimulating or repressing behaviors. The dissertation covers the Fundamental Right of Freedom of Artistic Expression in public space and has, as a starting point, the actual Constitution of 1988 to verify the amplitude of the devices that are directly or indirectly related to making art that for an aspect to ensure the free initiative of the artist and, as another point, it indicates possible limitations. Based on the constitutional hermeneutics as a tool of dialogue so that, with general and abstract language, characteristics of the constitutions, of the text upon unveiling other possibilities of constitutional interpretation and of a possible theoretical application for the maintenance of juridical stability and order because of the evaluative content of the constitutional guarantee of freedom of artistic expression. Beyond being one of the formative elements of the Brazilian People, the culture revealed in artistic expression assumes, in the social context and in the public space, the maximum force of a free, plural, and democratic country / Decorridos mais de vinte e sete anos de vigência da Constituição Federal Brasileira de 1988que interrompeu, desde o início da República em 1889, um longo período de inúmeras limitações às liberdades individuais e artísticas, ao assegurar por todo o texto a efetividade do fazer artístico, hoje está garantido o dever do Estado e direito do cidadão de se expressar artisticamente no dia a dia da sociedade ao estimular ou reprimir comportamentos. A dissertação cuida do Direito Fundamental à Liberdade de Expressão Artística no espaço público e tem como ponto de partida o próprio texto Constitucional de 1988 para verificar a amplitude de dispositivos que direta ou indiretamente se relacionam ao fazer artístico que,por um aspecto, asseguram a livre iniciativa ao artista e, por outro, indicam possíveis limitações. Com base na hermenêutica constitucional como ferramenta de diálogo para com a linguagem geral e abstrata,características das constituições, do texto ao desvendar outras possibilidades da interpretação constitucional e de uma possível aplicação teórica para a manutenção da estabilidade do ordenamento jurídico por conta do conteúdo valorativo da garantia constitucional da liberdade de expressão artística. Além de ser um dos elementos formadores do Povo brasileiro, a cultura revelada na expressão artística assume no contexto social e no espaço público, a força máxima de um país livre, plural e democrático

[pt] A censura à arte fez-se presente nos diversos momentos históricos do Brasil, até ser formalmente extinta pela Constituição de 1988. A proibição de censura prévia, porém, não impediu que obras de arte fossem submetidas ao crivo dos Poderes constituídos, instados a manifestar-se acerca dos limites da liberdade de expressão artística. Em setembro de 2017, ocorreu um “estopim” administrativo, judiciário e midiático com a ocorrência de quatro casos de censura em apenas um mês, que tomaram notoriedade em todo o país, especialmente a exposição Queermuseu e a performance La Bête. Esses casos são considerados como o marco inicial do período estudado neste trabalho. A partir desses quatro episódios, a tônica do debate público e da atuação dos Poderes constituídos mudou de foco, representando indício de uma possível mudança estrutural do comportamento das instituições e do público no que toca à liberdade de expressão artística e à censura no Brasil. Com intuito de analisar essa mudança, foram feitos estudos de caso de doze obras de arte que sofreram ao menos um ato de censura entre setembro de 2017 e março de 2020, quando ocorreu o fechamento dos espaços culturais devido à pandemia de COVID-19. O trabalho abordará as peculiaridades da censura no período estudado, que tem por característica negar a si mesma. Também serão abordadas as ferramentas jurídicas e administrativas disponíveis aos artistas e ao público para impugnar os atos censórios emanados dos Poderes constituídos. / [en] Artistic censorship has been constant in brazilian history, until its formal extincion after 1988 Constitution. Although previous censorship is prohibited, works of art have been submited to the constitutional Powers, since then, in order to determine the limits of artistic freedom of expression. In september 2017, four episodes of censorship occurred in the same month and became notorious all over Brazil, specially the Queermuseu exhibition and the performance La Bête. This cases are the starting point to this research. This four episodes unleashed a conservative turning point in the behaviour of the institutions and the public debate concerning freedom of speech. In order to analyze this change, case studies will be carried out, comparing the most notorious episodes of the period. The time frame has been restricted from the cases Queermuseu and La Bête, that took place in september, 2017, until the closure of cultural spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic, in march 2020. This paper approaches the peculiarities of censorship in this time frame, featuring the tendency to deny itself. Also, this research will expose some of the legal and administrative tools available to the artists and the citizens to fight censorship by constituted Powers.