Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-02-01T17:25:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 renatadomonterodrigues.pdf: 1702674 bytes, checksum: 25944b8da1e173d121094158aba7acd2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-03-21T14:54:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 renatadomonterodrigues.pdf: 1702674 bytes, checksum: 25944b8da1e173d121094158aba7acd2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-21T14:54:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 renatadomonterodrigues.pdf: 1702674 bytes, checksum: 25944b8da1e173d121094158aba7acd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-27 / A presente dissertação é desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAED/UFJF). O caso de gestão estudado tem como objetivo compreender quais dificuldades que o Centro de Educação em Tempo Integral (CETI) Áurea Pinheiro Braga têm para implementar as propostas pedagógicas para as escolas de educação em tempo integral, no estado do Amazonas. O CETI recebe orientações pedagógicas e administrativas da Coordenadoria Distrital de Educação 4 (CDE 4), que é responsável pela supervisão e orientação das escolas que fazem parte de sua jurisdição. Assume-se como hipótese o fato dos atores envolvidos no processo de implementação das propostas da educação em tempo integral na escola, desconhecerem as orientações pedagógicas pertinentes a esta modalidade de ensino. Essa realidade é diferente do que a proposta orienta e, nesse sentido, a pesquisa é pertinente, pois poderá contribuir para que a comunidade interna da escola se aproprie da proposta de educação em tempo integral e possibilite à CDE 4 refletir sobre as suas ações, em relação à supervisão da escola podendo assim, auxiliar na implementação das propostas previstas para a educação em tempo integral. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de um estudo de caso, tendo como instrumentos de pesquisa a observação, a consulta de dados do Serviço Integrado de Gestão Educacional do Amazonas (SIGEAM) e entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas com a gestora, a pedagoga, os três Coordenadores de Áreas, a Supervisora Pedagógica da CDE 4 que acompanha a escola. Este estudo foi baseado no documento da Proposta Pedagógica das Escolas da Rede Estadual de Ensino de Educação em Tempo Integral, dialogando com as reflexões dos autores Ana Maria Cavaliere (2002a, 2002b, 2007a, 2007b), José Carlos Libâneo (2000, 2012), Vitor Henrique Paro (1988a, 1988b), Vitor Henrique Paro et al (1988), Lúcia Velloso Maurício (2014a, 2014b), Mainardes (2006), dentre outros que sustentam o referencial teórico desta pesquisa. A partir da coleta dos dados, foi possível analisar o que os sujeitos, que atuam na escola, pensam sobre o fato de a escola adotar somente a ampliação do tempo escolar, sem as atividades interdisciplinares que fazem o diferencial da educação em tempo integral. Após as análises reflexiva dos dados da pesquisa, foi proposto um Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE). As ações propositivas do PAE foram definidas em quatro estratégias, abrangendo os principais entraves encontrados na pesquisa: desconhecimento da concepção de educação em tempo integral e das propostas pedagógicas adotadas pelo estado do Amazonas na oferta dessa modalidade de ensino; reestruturação da jornada escolar; reconstrução do Projeto Político Pedagógico da escola; e formação continuada, com ênfase na elaboração de projetos, com o intuito de contribuir para a implementação das propostas da educação em tempo integral, na escola em que se desenvolve este estudo. / The following research is developed in the range of the Professional Master degree in Education Management and Evaluation of the Center of Public Policies and Evaluation of Education of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAED/UFJF). The management case studied aims to understand what difficulties faced by the Center for Integral Education (CETI, in Portuguese) Aurea Pinheiro Braga to implement pedagogical proposals for full-time education schools in the state of Amazonas. CETI receives pedagogical and administrative guidance from the District Education Coordination 4 (CDE 4, in Portuguese), which is responsible for the supervision and orientation of schools within its jurisdiction. It is assumed as a hypothesis the fact that the actors involved in the process of implementing full-time education proposals at school do not know the pedagogical guidelines pertinent to this teaching modality, it is assumed as a hypothesis that this is one of the reasons why the school adopts only the extension of school time. This reality is different from what the proposal guides and, in this sense, the research is pertinent, as it may contribute to the internal community of the school to appropriate the full-time education proposal and enable the CDE 4 to reflect upon its actions regarding the school supervision. Being able to assist in the implementation of the proposals for full-time education. The methodology used in this research was the qualitative research, through a case study, having as observation instruments the consultation of data from the Integrated Service of Educational Management of Amazonas (SIGEAM, in Portuguese) and semi-structured interviews, carried out with the manager, the pedagogue, the three Area Coordinators and the CDE 4 Pedagogical Supervisor who monitors the school. This study was based on the document of the Pedagogical Proposal of the Schools of the State Network of Education for Full-time Education, engaging with the reflections of the authors Ana Maria Cavaliere (2002a, 2002b, 2007a, 2007b), José Carlos Libâneo (2000, 2012), Vitor Henrique Paro (1988a, 1988b), Vitor Henrique Paro et al (1988), Lúcia Velloso Maurício (2014a, 2014b), Mainardes (2006), among others that support the theoretical reference of this research. From the data collection, it was possible to analyze what the subjects, who work in school, think about the fact that the school only adopts the extended time, without the interdisciplinary activities that make the difference on full-time education. After the analysis of the research data, an Educational Action Plan (EAP) was proposed. The propositional actions of the EAP were defined in four strategies, covering the main obstacles encountered in the research: unfamiliarity with the conception of the full-time education and the pedagogical proposals adopted by the state of Amazonas in order to provide this kind of education; reconstruction of the school day; reconstruction of the School's Political Pedagogical Project; and continuous professional training, with emphasis on the elaboration of projects, with the purpose of contributing to the implementation of proposals of full-time education in the school where this study is developed.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-05-18T11:09:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 glauciafabricarneiromarques.pdf: 2217632 bytes, checksum: f2924c77473c16a068f3e7c25b52e136 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T11:30:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 glauciafabricarneiromarques.pdf: 2217632 bytes, checksum: f2924c77473c16a068f3e7c25b52e136 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T11:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 glauciafabricarneiromarques.pdf: 2217632 bytes, checksum: f2924c77473c16a068f3e7c25b52e136 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente tese de Doutorado em Educação teve como foco de análise a compreensão da relação entre a formação e o trabalho dos professores que atuam nas escolas de educação em tempo integral. O estudo apresenta como perspectiva teórico-metodológica os princípios filosóficos do Realismo Crítico desenvolvidos por Roy Bhaskar. Dessa forma, objetiva compreender os mecanismos geradores que estruturam os possíveis significados do trabalho e da formação docente atribuídos pelos professores que atuam nas escolas de tempo integral vinculadas à rede municipal de educação. Para subsidiar o estudo, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico em torno do tema formação e trabalho docente nas escolas de tempo integral. Foram utilizados como referência teórica autores como Bernardete Gatti, António Nóvoa, Francisco Imbernón, Carlos Estevão, Ana Maria Cavaliere, Lígia Marta Coelho, entre outros. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram selecionados egressos e não egressos de duas formações realizadas no município de Juiz de Fora que atuam em três escolas de tempo integral. Como instrumentos de pesquisa, foram utilizados o questionário e a entrevista semiestruturada. O estudo reforçou a tese de que a formação continuada exerce influência positiva nos significados atribuídos pelos professores ao seu trabalho. Foi possível observar essa relação em dois momentos da pesquisa: na análise do grau de importância que os professores que participaram de formação continuada atribuíam ao tempo integral e nos apontamentos dos professores em que predominaram os elementos pedagógicos como estratégias de superação dos desafios encontrados no trabalho docente na escola de tempo integral. Em relação ao grau de importância observou-se que a maioria dos professores que participaram de formação continuada sobre o tempo integral tendem a atribuir mais importância ao fenômeno que estudaram. Sobre os apontamentos de aspectos utilizados para a superação dos desafios observou-se que a maioria dos professores utilizam os elementos pedagógicos como o trabalho coletivo, desenvolvimento de projetos, práticas pedagógicas diferenciadas e troca de experiências como referência. A ênfase nos elementos pedagógicos para a superação dos desafios demonstra uma valorização do trabalho e do conhecimento do professor, reforçando a importância da docência na dinâmica escolar. / The present thesis of Doctorate in Education focused on the understanding of the relationship between training and the work of teachers who work in full time education schools. The study presents as theoretical-methodological perspective the philosophical principles of Critical Realism developed by Roy Bhaskar. Thus, it aims to understand the generative mechanisms that structure the possible meanings of work and teacher training attributed by teachers who work in full-time schools linked to the municipal education network. In order to subsidize the study, a bibliographical survey was carried out on the topic of training and teaching work in full-time schools. Authors such as Bernardete Gatti, António Nóvoa, Francisco Imbernón, Carlos Estevão, Ana Maria Cavaliere, Lígia Marta Coelho, among others, were used as theoretical reference. For the accomplishment of the research, were selected ex-students and non-graduates of two formations held in the city of Juiz de Fora that work in three full-time schools. As research instruments, the questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used. The study reinforced the thesis that continuing education exerts a positive influence on the meanings attributed by teachers to their work. It was possible to observe this relation in two moments of the research: in the analysis of the degree of importance that the teachers who participated in continuous formation attributed to the integral time and in the notes of the teachers in which the pedagogical elements predominated like strategies of overcoming the challenges found in the teaching work in full-time school. Regarding the degree of importance, it was observed that the majority of teachers who participated in continuing education on full time tended to attribute more importance to the phenomenon studied. Regarding the aspects used to overcome the challenges, it was observed that most teachers use the pedagogical elements such as collective work, project development, differentiated pedagogical practices and exchange of experiences as a reference. The emphasis on pedagogical elements to overcome the challenges demonstrates an appreciation of the work and knowledge of the teacher, reinforcing the importance of teaching in the school dynamics.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-06-28T14:56:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilasoareslima.pdf: 2998554 bytes, checksum: c947442f23f57b2fd67cc65de511f58c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-07-03T14:53:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilasoareslima.pdf: 2998554 bytes, checksum: c947442f23f57b2fd67cc65de511f58c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-03T14:53:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilasoareslima.pdf: 2998554 bytes, checksum: c947442f23f57b2fd67cc65de511f58c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-17 / Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da educação Pública (PPGP), do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação, da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd /UFJF). O caso de gestão analisado tem por objetivo compreender as dificuldades de implementação de projetos interdisciplinares na escola estudada, uma escola de tempo integral, considerando o momento de efetivação da Proposta Pedagógica de Tempo Integral do Amazonas, em 2011. Destacou-se, neste estudo, o histórico nacional da educação brasileira que corroborou com as mudanças educacionais, além da formalização da educação integral e da criação de documentos normativos que tratam da educação integral. Para discorrermos sobre o tema, apresentamos um histórico sobre a Educação Integral no Estado do Amazonas e o seu currículo, além de discutirmos o caso específico da escola de tempo integral pesquisada, que vem desenvolvendo projetos e atividades diversificadas desde sua adaptação ao tempo integral. O referencial teórico proposto foi desenvolvido a partir de dois eixos principais: (i) experiências de sucesso com a educação integral e (ii) reflexões sobre a pedagogia de projetos na educação integral. A metodologia utilizada possui uma abordagem qualitativa, pautando-se em um estudo de caso. Utiliza as técnicas de entrevistas semiestruturada e aberta, além da observação participante, por meio de um roteiro de observação de dois projetos desenvolvidos no segundo semestre de 2017: o III Dia da Família na Escola e a Jornada Literária. Os dados coletados foram analisados com base nos eixos teóricos utilizados formando duas frentes de análises, a saber: a concepção de Educação Integral em função do tempo e espaço e a concepção de Educação Integral a partir de projetos. Os dados evidenciam que os sujeitos concebem o espaço físico como local de “depósito de menino” e o tempo ideal como sendo o de turno e contraturno. Possuem, ainda, a percepção de que educação integral só pode ser realizada em espaço físico específico. De forma complementar, foi possível perceber que o desenvolvimento dos projetos na escola tende a ser personalizado e relacionado à figura do docente responsável, o que acabou gerando muitos conflitos instituição de ensino, bem como descontinuação de projetos. Ressalta-se, também, que os projetos são vistos como um problema, pois são extracurriculares, atrapalhando o andamento do currículo escolar, segundo o entendimento de alguns docentes. Assim, conclui-se que o problema no desenvolvimento de projetos nessa escola de tempo integral não é a implementação destes, mas, sim, a concepção de educação integral e a concepção de projetos da equipe docente e gestora, o que pode levar a descontinuidade dos projetos ainda existentes na escola. Com base nessas informações, propôs-se um Plano de Ação Educacional centrado nas discussões destas concepções e que sirva como um instrumento de apoio pedagógico para a equipe gestora da escola, a fim de que possam alcançar os objetivos propostos no programa estadual de educação em tempo integral do Amazonas, proporcionando, assim, uma mudança educacional na unidade de ensino estudada. / This dissertation is being developed on the Professional Master in Management and Assessment of Education approach (PPGP) of the Public Policies Center and Education Assessment of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAEd / UFJF). The management case analyzed aims to understand the difficulties of implementing interdisciplinary projects in the school studied, a full-time school, as of the completion of the Pedagogical Proposal of Integral Time of Amazonas in 2011. It was highlighted in this study the national history level of Brazilian education that corroborated with the educational changes, besides the formalization of integral education and the creation of normative documents that treat with integral education. For the treatment of this theme, this dissertation presents a historic of Integral Education of Amazonas State and its curriculum and the specific case of the full-time school researched that has been developing diversified projects and activities since its adaptation to full time. The proposed theoretical reference is developed from two main axes: (i) successful experiences with integral education and (ii) reflections on the pedagogy of projects in integral education. The methodology used has a qualitative approach from a case study, using the techniques of semi-structured and open interviews, in addition to the participant observation, through a roadmap of observation of two projects developed in the second semester of 2017, the III Family Day at School and the Literary Journey. The collected data were analyzed based on the theoretical axes used, forming two fronts of analysis: the conception of Integral Education in function of time and space and the conception of Integral Education from projects. The data showed us that the subjects: conceive the physical space as a place of "boy deposit" and the ideal time as the shift and after shift; they also have the perception that integral education can only be carried out in a specific physical space, that is, in Ceti; the projects are customized which has led to many conflicts in the school, as well as discontinuation of projects; projects are seen as a problem because they are extracurricular, disrupting the school curriculum. So, it is concluded that the problem in the development of projects in this full-time school is not the implementation of these, but rather the conception of integral education and of divergent projects from that accepted by the theoreticians, which may lead to the discontinuation of the projects already existing at school. The conclusion is that the problem in the implementation of projects, as well as the tendency of the projects of the school to discontinue, is not centered in its implementation in itself, but in the conception of integral education and in the conception of projects that the subjects of reality have. Thus, it is proposed an Educational Action Plan focused on the discussions of these conceptions and that serves as an instrument of pedagogical support for the management team of the school, so that they can achieve the objectives proposed in the state program of full-time education in the Amazonas, therefore providing an educational change at the unit of education studied.

Esta pesquisa visou compreender o papel que o Supervisor de Ensino, em sua atuação, desempenha nas escolas públicas da rede estadual que aderiram ao Programa Ensino Integral (PEI) da Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo (SEE/SP). Com a utilização dos referenciais que fundamentaram a construção da pesquisa realizou-se uma retrospectiva histórica da ação supervisora na educação brasileira, em especial a trajetória do Supervisor de Ensino no estado de São Paulo Numa abordagem qualitativa, o presente estudo constituiu-se de uma pesquisa de natureza básica, descritiva e exploratória. Como procedimento de coleta de dados foi utilizado questionário e entrevista, além de análise documental. Foram sujeitos do estudo Supervisores de Ensino que possuem em seu setor de trabalho escola estadual pertencente ao PEI, que atuam numa Diretoria de Ensino localizada no Vale do Paraíba e que se encontra inserida no macro contexto organizacional da SEE/SP. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2012) e interpretados à luz das teorias que tratam do desenvolvimento humano e das políticas de gestão pública educacional. Os resultados obtidos apontam que o trabalho de acompanhamento realizado pelo Supervisor de Ensino nessas escolas integrais possui alguns diferenciais quanto ao realizado nas escolas regulares de tempo parcial da rede estadual paulista, pois além do acompanhamento de rotina previsto em legislação feito em todas as escolas estaduais paulistas, o supervisor responsável por uma escola do PEI também realiza Ciclos Formativos de Acompanhamento, com ações de monitoramento e intervenção, num trabalho conjunto com a equipe escolar, de acordo com as necessidades da escola, principalmente nos ciclos formativos, que acontecem por meio da metodologia PDCA, além dos instrumentos de gestão que são utilizados, em especial a agenda bimestral que norteia o acompanhamento do Supervisor. O que indica uma ação supervisora diferenciada em prol do desenvolvimento da política pública de extensão da permanência na escola para uma formação integral que concorra para a melhoria da educação pública. / This research aimed to understand the role that the Education Supervisor in his acting, plays in the public schools of the state that have joined the Integral Education Program (IEP) of the Ministry of Education of São Paulo (SEE / SP). With the use of benchmarks that underlie the construction of the research took place a historical retrospective of the supervisory action in Brazilian education, especially the trajectory of Teaching Supervisor in São Paulo In a qualitative approach, this study consisted of a survey basic, descriptive and exploratory nature. Data collection procedure was used questionnaires and interviews, and document analysis. Were subjects of the Teaching Supervisors study that have in their state school work sector belonging to PEI who work in Educational Board located in the Paraíba Valley and which is inserted into the macro organizational context of SEE / SP. The collected data were submitted to Bardin content analysis (2012) and interpreted in the light of the theories that deal with human development and educational public management policies. The results suggest that the monitoring work of the Education Advisor in these whole schools have some differences regarding performed in mainstream schools part-time the state public network, because besides the routine monitoring provided for in made law in all São Paulo state schools the supervisor responsible for a PEI school also conducts Formative Cycles Monitoring with monitoring actions and intervention, in a joint effort with the school staff, according to the schools needs, especially in the formative cycles, which take place through the methodology PDCA, in addition to management tools that are used, especially the bimonthly schedule that guides the monitoring supervisor. This indicates a different supervisory action on behalf of the public policy of extension of stay in the school development for an integral formation which contributes to the improvement of public education.

Background: Motivation creates meaning in both big and small things. Previous studies have shown that the field of motivation is important as it affects the skills individuals develop, which jobs and careers individuals take on and also how individuals allocate resources such as attention, effort and time. Motivation is essential for both individual well-being and organizational success. In an increasingly globalized world, companies can become more competitive by hiring consultants and reports have shown that the consulting sector is expanding. Purpose and issue: The purpose with this study is to examine how work motivation is founded in consultants and also if there are any factors that differs between full time employed and part time employed consultants. Method: This study is a qualitative case study. Eight semi structured interviews, where the respondents have been answering questions related to work motivation, have been made. The collected empirical data has then been analyzed using a theory synthesis and previous research. Conclusion: The result in this case study has shown that fellowship and relationships, own growth, responsibility, rewards and goals are important elements in motivation. It is, however, a bit problematic to make a general conclusion out of these results because they contain different perceptions, reasonings and opinions among the respondents.

The purpose of this non-experimental, correlational, quantitative study was to provide an in-depth understanding of the relationship between pre-matriculation variables on retention of first-year, full-time students from fall-to-fall semesters at three small, private, liberal arts institutions in the Southeast United States. The findings will help to determine the significance of the relationships between retention and pre-matriculation variables on first-year, full-time students who entered each institutions the fall 2017 and fall 2018 semesters. Archival data at the participating institutions were used to test the significance of the relationships between retention rates and pre-matriculation variables (standardized test scores, high school GPAs, gender, first-generation status, and financial aid status). The sample for this study included approximately 3,612 first-year, full-time students who entered the three participating universities for the fall semesters of 2017 and 2018. Independent samples t-tests or two-way contingency tables using crosstabs were used to evaluate each of the respective research questions. Findings from this study demonstrated student demographic variables financial aid status (Pell Grant eligibility), gender, and first-generation status had a significant relationship to retention for Institutions 2 and 3; students who were not eligible for financial aid were retained at higher percentage rate than students who were eligible for financial aid; students who were first-generation students were retained at lower percentage rate than students who were continuing-generation students; and self- identified female students were retained at a higher percentage rate those students who were self-identified as males at Institution 1.

The purpose of this study was to examine faculty reluctance to providing students with access to course resources via the Internet. The study explored known barriers to the use of technology and the Internet within educational settings and provided opportunity for new barriers to be presented. Personal and professional demographic factors were collected to determine if certain characteristics were identifiable as predictors to web enhancement. An online survey was designed to collect data to address research questions in the study. The survey consisted of 48 questions, including areas for comments and remarks from faculty members. One thousand two (1002) faculty, out of a possible 4,990 responded to the survey. Based on the results, conclusions have been drawn. Female faculty and faculty ranked as assistant, associate, or full professors were most likely to web enhance. Faculty who had taught for between 1 and 15 years at a four-year university, were also more likely to web enhance than other faculty. Faculty in the fields of biology, business administration, communications, computer science, education, English, nursing and psychology appeared most likely to web enhance their courses. Major barriers to enhancement include increased time commitment, concerns regarding faculty work load, lack of person-to-person contact, and difficulty keeping current with technological changes. Recommendations for removing some barriers included the need to recognize and reward innovation, provide incentives to enhance, and establish cultural change within institutions. Meaningful professional development training on enhancement techniques was also recommended, as well as providing release time for enhancement development. Contact standards on campus websites, providing a contact at each institution for research inquiries, and becoming more accessible to the public at large was also needed. Recommendations for further research included completing this study on an institutional basis, and studying the need for ôrevampingö the concept of ôoffice hoursö when used in connection with online courses. In addition, a qualitative study should be conducted on the pros and cons of web enhancement, as well as a time study comparison of students who complete a low level online course then take a higher level on-site course.

Each year millions of young people graduate from high school and enroll in colleges and universities across the country, and many of these students are underprepared for the demands and academic rigor of college-level courses. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were significant differences in graduation rates between students who entered college academically underprepared and those who entered academically prepared to enroll in college-level courses. The subjects of the study were a selected group of students enrolled at a public, 2-year comprehensive community college located in Northeast Tennessee. The criteria used for selecting the subjects included: (1) Individuals who graduated from high school in the months of December through July in each of the years 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006 and enrolled as first-time, full-time students during the fall semester immediately following high school graduation; (2) individuals who were classified as full-time students at the community college because they enrolled for a course load of 12 or more semester credit hours; and (3) individuals who had completed the ACT assessment test and were placed in developmental-level courses or college-level courses based on ACT subscores. Students scoring lower than 19 on the ACT in the areas of English, reading, and mathematics were required to take developmental-level courses, whereas students scoring 19 or above were placed in college-level courses. The subjects of the study were tracked for a 3-year period to determine the relationship between the number of developmental courses into which a student was placed and the 3-year graduation rate. This study also examined the relationship between the number of academic subject content areas in which a student was required to take developmental courses and the 3-year graduation rate. The analysis indicated that students who entered college prepared for college-level work, based on earned ACT scores, were much more likely to graduate within 3 years as compared to students who entered college underprepared and required to take developmental courses. Further, the study revealed that the number of developmental courses and the number of developmental academic subject content areas students were required to take was inversely related to the 3-year persistence-to-graduation rate.

<p> This study examines the problem of "rurbanization," which is a term that has been applied to the process by which rural areas are being changed by urban influences. This implies more than the traditional geographic concept of land-use change at the rural-urban fringe, but is concerned with bagic changes in the agricultural industry relating to appearance, land use, nengity and social structure.</p> <p> In rural Southern Ontario, there are two main phenomena occurring to effect these changes: the increage in part-time farming and in low-density residences. This study is concerned more specifically with an examination of these two phenomena. Its two main objectives are to gee how these two are interrelated and how they have affected agriculture and rural society. </p> <p> The study achieveg thege objectives through the use of a questionnaire admtnigtered to residents of Brantford township, a rural area with a thriving agricultural industry, but at the same time under considerable stress from urban pressures. Three types of residents were surveyed: full- time farmers, part-time farmers and non-farmers. The data collected was subjected to discriminant and cross-tabulation analyses in order to observe similarities and differences among the three groups . These similarities and differences allowed inferences concerning the acceptance or rejection of six postulated hypotheses. </p> <p> The following general conclusions result from the analysis: </p> <p> Part-time farmers and rural non-farmers are predominantly former urbanites who have migrated to rural areas. Both groups share similar occupations and have lived at the rural location for a similar length of time, but non-farmers tend to be older an to have been born and raised on a farm. However, there does exist a significant minority of part-time farmers who ere former full-time farmers. Both phenomena appear to be fairly permanent arrangements as the overwhelming majority of both groups wished to maintain their present status. </p> <p>Full-time farmers tend to have a larger size of holding than part-time farmers. Part-time farmers place less emphasis on livestock and tobacco as the predominant crop than do full-time farmers, and tend to place a greater emphasis upon corn and mixed grains as cash crops. The type and quality of land that is occupied and the attitude toward the preservation of agricultural land do not vary significantly by group. All three groups were strongly in favour of preservation of land for farming. The participation rates of part time and non farmers in the rural organizations of the township and in the urban organizations of nearby towns are not significantly different from those of full-time farmers. </p> <p> The study has confirmed some of the findings of other researchers and has in turn shed some new light on the "rurbanization" problem. Urban out-migration has been found to be the most important cause of the problem. Thus, the problem appears to be the result of a social phenomenon rather than a physical one, and the phenomena causing the problem appear to be persistent and permanent. It may also be noted that the choice of alternative, either part-time farming or non-farming residency, is somehow related to the age and location of birth and childhood of the urban out-migrant. Significantly, more part-time farmers were born in city and more non-farmers were born on a farm. It may be argued that is precisely opposite to the situation that might be expected. / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

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