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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Análise química e efeitos letais e sub-letais do óleo essencial de patchouli e sua nanoemulsão em populações de Sithopilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) / Chemical analysis and lethal and sub-lethal patchouli essential oil and its nanoemulsion in populations Sithopilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Santos, Álvaro Marcio de Oliveira 27 February 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) is one of the stored grain pests of major importance in the world. The indiscriminate use of conventional insecticides has led to the selection of populations of resistant S. zeamais. Although the essential oils (EO) of plants are considered an alternative to conventional insecticides, their range of use due to insect populations with different capacities resistance has not been determined. We examined the toxicity of the EO of Pogostemon cablin and its nanoemulsion on nine populations of S. zeamais from different regions of Brazil. For that were performed bioassays topical application, contact, fumigation, and repellency effects on population growth. Fifteen compounds were identified the EO of P. cablin, and patchoulol was major component (55.04%). The EO of P. cablin showed average activity against the nine populations of S. zeamais when applied topically. The time required to cause 50% mortality of the population was 33.4 hours. The nine populations of S. zeamais responded similarly to EO of P. cablin. The lethal dose to kill 50% of the population resulted in low toxicity index (<2). The population of Viçosa-MG was more susceptible the EO of P. cablin, with LD50 of 9.17 and 8.01 μg mg-1 after 48 and 72 hours exposure respectively. The greater tolerance of EO P. cablin was detected in the population of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, which increased the LD50 of 1.77 and 1.53 times. The concentration the EO of P. cablin required to cause 50% mortality of the population by contact and fumigation ranged from 0.34 to 0.43 μl ml-1 and from 28.6 to 33.5 μl l-1, respectively. Already the nanoemulsion P. cablin showed LC50 ranging from 1.28 to 8.84 μl ml-1 and from 32.7 to 39.5 μl l-1. There was an increase in toxicity by contact and fumigation (LC50) of the nanoemulsion of P. cablin from 48 to 72 hours of exposure. Toxicity (LC50) for contact and fumigation on populations of Viçosa-MG and Sete Lagoas-MG after 48 and 72 hours of exposure to EO P. cablin was in most cases greater than the toxicity caused by nanoemulsion of P. cablin. The EO and the nanoemulsion of P. cablin were LC50 and LC70 repellents in at all times of exposure for the population of Viçosa-MG. The same occurred with the population of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, except for LC50 after 4, 6 and 8 hours of exposure and the LC70 after 24 hours of exposure to nanoemulsion of P. cablin. For the population of Viçosa-MG, there was no difference in repellency caused by EO and nanoemulsion of P. cablin. As for the population of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, EO P. cablin caused greater repellency to this population compared to this oil nanoemulsion. Increasing concentrations of nanoemulsion of P. cablin resulted in reduction and consumption of grains of the two populations. Populations of Viçosa-MG and Sete Lagoas-MG entered decline (ri <0) using concentrations of 50.15 and 67.29 μl kg-1, respectively. / O gorgulho do milho (Sitophilus zeamais) e uma das pragas de graos armazenados de maior importancia no mundo. O uso indiscriminado de inseticidas convencionais tem levado a selecao de populacoes de S. zeamais resistentes. Apesar dos oleos essenciais (OE) de plantas serem considerados uma alternativa ao uso de inseticidas convencionais, sua amplitude de utilizacao frente as populacoes de insetos com capacidades distintas de resistencia ainda nao foi determinada. Neste trabalho analisamos a toxicidade do OE de Pogostemon cablin e da nanoemulsao a base desse OE sobre nove populacoes de S. zeamais provenientes de diferentes regioes do Brasil. Para isso foram realizados bioensaios de aplicacao topica, contato, fumigacao, repelencia e efeitos sobre o crescimento populacional. Foram identificados quinze compostos no OE de P. cablin, sendo o patchoulol o componente majoritario (55,04%). O OE de P. cablin demonstrou atividade inseticida sobre as nove populacoes de S. zeamais quando aplicado topicamente. O tempo necessario para causar 50% de mortalidade das populacoes foi em media 33,4 horas. As nove populacoes de S. zeamais responderam de modo semelhante ao OE de P. cablin. As doses letais para matar 50% das populacoes resultaram em baixas razoes de toxicidade (<2). A populacao de Vicosa-MG foi a mais susceptivel ao OE de P. cablin, com DL50 de 9,17 e 8,01 Êg mg-1 apos 48 e 72 horas de exposicao, respectivamente. A maior tolerancia ao OE de P. cablin foi detectada na populacao de Sete Lagoas-MG, que apresentou aumento na DL50 de 1,77 e 1,53 vezes. A concentracao do OE de P. cablin necessaria para causar 50% de mortalidade das populacoes por contato e fumigacao variou de 0,34 a 0,43 Êl ml-1 e 28,6 a 33,5 Êl l-1, respectivamente. Ja a nanoemulsao de P. cablin apresentou CL50 que variaram de 1,28 a 8,84 Êl ml-1 e 32,7 a 39,5 Êl l-1. Houve aumento da toxicidade por contato e fumigacao (CL50) da nanoemulsao de P. cablin de 48 para 72 horas de exposicao. A toxicidade (CL50) por contato e fumigacao sobre as populacoes de Vicosa-MG e Sete Lagoas-MG apos 48 e 72 horas de exposicao ao OE de P. cablin foi, na maioria das vezes, maior do que a toxicidade causada pela nanoemulsao de P. cablin. O OE e a nanoemulsao de P. cablin foram repelentes nas CL50 e CL70 em todos os tempos de exposicao para a populacao de Vicosa-MG. O mesmo ocorreu com a populacao de Sete Lagoas-MG, excecao para a CL50 apos 4, 6 e 8 horas de exposicao e para a CL70 apos 24 horas de exposicao a nanoemulsao de P. cablin. Para a populacao de Vicosa-MG, nao houve diferenca na repelencia causada pelo OE e nanoemulsao de P. cablin. Ja para a populacao de Sete Lagoas-MG, o OE de P. cablin causou maior repelencia a esta populacao se comparado a nanoemulsao deste OE. Concentracoes crescentes da nanoemulsao de P. cablin resultaram em reducao do ri e do consumo de graos das duas populacoes. As populacoes de Vicosa-MG e Sete Lagoas-MG entraram em declinio (ri<0) a partir das concentracoes de 50,15 e 67,29 Êl kg-1, respectivamente.

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