Crowdfunding is a method for financing a product, investment or project. It means that all people, individuals or companies that have an idea and Internet connection can outsource the idea on a crowdfunding platform. The purpose with this crowdfunding is that the creator turn to many people with small amounts of money. This paper focus on the users of crowdfunding platforms though. There are a lot of articles on the Internet about Crowdfunding but not so much information about the users. In a try to identify the people who uses this kind of financial method I have made a survey with 200 respondents. In the empirical chapter, every single question and the answer is displayed in a respective figure.

This paper is based on another paper I have written, what can we say about the users of crowdfunding platforms? This paper focuses on advantages and disadvantages with crowdfunding and the users of crowdfunding platforms. Previously researchers mean that there are both positive and negative things about crowdfunding and these will be analyzed and raised in this paper. There is not much information about the users of crowdfunding platforms. In a previous paper I did a survey to try to identify who the users of crowdfunding are. In this paper the result from that survey will be analyzed and hopefully succeed in identifying the characteristics of users of crowdfunding platforms.

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ABSTRACT In this Masters Research Report, I argue that different conceptual frameworks play a central role in influencing whether and why independent funders in South Africa choose to engage in either social justice philanthropy or traditional philanthropy. Based on documentary analysis and in-depth interviews with a sample population of independent funders and experts in the philanthropic field in South Africa, this research first puts forward a different understanding of social justice philanthropy, from a South African perspective. Based on this understanding, the research then reflects that the way in which independent funders conceptualise and operationalize the reasons why they do the work they do and their roles in relation to other development role players are the central elements that influence the nature and scope of the funding approaches, priorities and strategies that they adopt.

In South Africa, citizen participation is regarded as an integral part of all social, economic and political activity. There is always an attempt to either involve citizens/communities in different programmes or at least to pretend to have involved people. Community participation is a constitutional prerogative that the broader masses should meaningfully participate in issues affecting their lives. Thus overgrowing concern by development practitioners to utilize participatory methods has become notable in recent years and participation has become an established orthodoxy within the development discourse in South Africa. The practice of participation has become embodied in what is popularly known to be people-centered development in which it is favored that community needs take precedence over those of other stakeholders when designing and implementing development projects. This study explores community participation in income generating projects at the Tembisa / Kempton Park Development Center. Using a case study as a qualitative inquiry method, the researcher sought to establish the evidence of community participation and the extent to which participants in income generating projects were involved as the main role players. The research sample constituted of 15 participants; ten were beneficiaries of income generating projects, three were staff members at the Tembisa / Kempton Park Development Center and two participants where drawn from the main funders of the Tembisa / Kempton Park Development Center. The different categories of the participants drawn into the sample enabled the researcher to holistically capture how the development process unfolded. The findings of the research indicated that the development model used at Tembisa / Kempton Park Development Center is largely participatory. The model allowed community members to have more say and control in the initiation, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the projects. However this model has challenges that are institutional, social and structural of nature and barriers which hinder effective and meaningful community participation. Government intervention was recommended to address some of the challenges to community participation on a macro level.

Title: How Do Social Enterprises Access Funding? RAPATAC In Gävle Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Authors: Peiying Kuang and Zhonglv Song Supervisor: Dr. Maria Fregidou-Malama Examiner: Jonas Kågström  Date: 2013 May Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence social enterprises to access funding. Method: This study has chosen a social enterprise as a single case study. We design the questions and collect the data based on five assessment factors from both the social enterprise and funders’ perspective. We use interview and questionnaires to investigate whether these five assessment factors influence funders’ decision.      Result and Conclusions: In our study, we found that five assessment factors could influence the funders’ decision. Social mission and the qualities of the leader are crucial factors influencing funding decisions. The performance of SE, financing sustainability and communication transparence influence social enterprise to maintain a long-term relationship with funders.  Suggestion for further studies: This investigation based on a single case study in Gavle, and we have collected data from a limited number of responders. Thus, we suggest using multiple case studies and collecting data from more responders. The further study should not be limited to one city. Contribution of the thesis: Our theoretical contribution is providing a model to complete theory. This model includes five factors which affecting funding of social enterprise. In managerial aspect, both current and potential social entrepreneurs can refer to these five assessment factors to improve their competence to attract funders. For the societal implication, this study shows the value and challenge of social enterprise to people and government, which enhance the public recognition of the social enterprise. Key words: Funders, social mission, qualities of leader, performance of SE, financing sustainability, communication transparence.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Michele Cristina Damascenoprot.pdf: 897011 bytes, checksum: 0acf261216bde1bfcca0b4b558dcd1c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31 / In recent years we have witnessed an economic boom in the country through the expansion of its infrastructure covering roads, railways, ports, sanitation and energy. Through much of government concessions of infrastructure projects passed to the private sector, leaving private companies to construction, expansion, maintenance and / or operation of such enterprises. To make them feasible, companies had to make large investments and it resorted to financing from banks and investment funds. Such loans were only viable through the Project Finance modality, a financial engineering that divides risks among the sponsors of large projects. Thus, the research objective was to raise the main risks of financing the Project Finance modality in infrastructure projects in Brazil, not only those known and used in analysis models, but those that have been presented beyond the molds. To develop this study interviews were conducted with Caixa executives, literature review and questionnaire distributed to analysts who work in the market. Through the results we can infer that the risks go far beyond the existing listed in the bibliography. You can not treat a Project Finance as a commercial credit line with a list of pre-established premises where once were all fulfilled ensure the success of the financing. Such assumptions are conditions without which a Project Finance would not be granted, but by no means exhausted its risks, and market professionals should develop a critical sense more accurate, should look more carefully the conditions behind the premises. Thus, it is believed that the Project Finance funding model, respecting the risks found, can be used intensively for funders in order to continue providing development conditions to the national infrastructure. / Nos últimos anos temos testemunhado um crescimento econômico no país através da ampliação de sua infraestrutura que abrange rodovias, ferrovias, portos, saneamento e energia. Por meio das concessões do governo grande parte dos projetos de infraestrutura passaram para o âmbito privado, cabendo as empresas privadas a construção, ampliação, manutenção e/ou operação de tais empreendimentos. Para viabilizá-los as empresas precisaram fazer investimentos de grande porte e para isso recorreram a financiamentos junto a bancos e fundos de investimentos. Tais financiamentos só foram viáveis por meio da modalidade Project Finance, uma engenharia financeira que permite dividir os riscos entre os patrocinadores de projetos de grande porte. Assim, o objetivo da pesquisa foi levantar os principais riscos de um financiamento na modalidade Project Finance em projetos de infraestrutura no Brasil, não somente aqueles já conhecidos e utilizados em modelos de análise, mas aqueles que vêm se apresentando além dos moldes. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foram realizadas entrevistas com executivos da Caixa, análise bibliográfica e questionário distribuído a analistas que atuam no mercado. Por meio dos resultados podemos inferir que os riscos vão muito além dos elencados na bibliografia existente. Não se pode tratar um Project Finance como uma linha de credito comercial com uma lista de premissas pré-estabelecidas onde uma vez que foram todas cumpridas garantem o sucesso do financiamento. Tais premissas são condições sem as quais um Project Finance não seria concedido, entretanto de maneira alguma esgotam seus riscos, e os profissionais de mercado devem desenvolver um senso critico mais apurado, devem olhar com mais cuidado as condições que se encontram atrás das premissas. Deste modo, acredita-se que o modelo de financiamento Project Finance, respeitando os riscos encontrados, possa ser utilizado de forma intensa por financiadores, de modo a continuar proporcionando condições de desenvolvimento à infraestrutura nacional.

Climate change is an environmental issue that has actual or potential strategic impacts on many companies. The research problem emanates from the scientific work on climate change and the vast health effects that would pose as implications within the healthcare industry. The aim of the research was to explore the strategic response of private healthcare funders in South Africa to global climate change. By means of a case-study based research design, the stimuli for strategic response, risks and opportunities related to global climate change and strategy and an overall strategic organisational posture under the RDAP continuum scale framework had evolved. Evidence from the results and analysis brings light to the fact that global climate change as a strategic concern to private healthcare funders remains a point of scepticism. Although some of the organisations from the sample have considered climate change as a strategic concern, there are others that do not. The study showed that global climate change continues to remain an issue of complexity and uncertainty in the external business environment such that strategy formulation and implementation and acting proactively on the matter remains complicated. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

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