Wari in Palpa and Nasca: Perspectives from Funerary Point of ViewThis paper presents new evidences of Wari presence in the Palpa-Nasca region, on Peru's south coast. On the basis of the study of more than 200 intact mortuary contexts from both Nasca and Wari cultures, patterns in the mortuary customs of the people living in the Palpa and Nasca valleys during the Middle Horizon are described. In order to identify diagnostic changes the principal characteristics of the Nasca and Wari funerary contexts were recorded and compared (based primarily on associations with Loro or Chakipampa ceramic styles, respectively). These changes were also analyzed in light of evidence available from similar contexts in the Ayacucho region. Details of the tomb construction, associated materials, and particularly the mortuary treatment of the individuals, indicate that the funerary customs during the Middle Horizon changed substantially when compared with those of the Nasca culture. I argue that these changes document the formation of a new political and social order imposed by the Wari culture. / Este artículo expone nuevas evidencias relacionadas con la presencia wari en la cuenca del río Grande, en la costa sur del Perú. En base al estudio de más de 200 contextos funerarios intactos de las culturas Nasca y Wari, se describen los cambios ocurridos en las costumbres funerarias de las poblaciones establecidas en los valles de Palpa y Nasca durante el Horizonte Medio. Para identificar tales cambios, se han documentado las principales características de los contextos funerarios nasca y wari (principalmente de los estilos Loro y Chakipampa) y se han establecido comparaciones entre ambas. Estos cambios se discuten a la luz de evidencias disponibles de contextos similares encontrados en la región de Ayacucho. Los detalles de la construcción de las estructuras funerarias, los materiales asociados y, especialmente, el tratamiento de los individuos, indican que las costumbres funerarias durante el Horizonte Medio cambiaron de manera sustancial con respecto a aquellas de la cultura Nasca. En tal sentido, se plantea que estos cambios ocurrieron debido al establecimiento de un nuevo orden político y social promovido por la cultura Wari.

Priests and Weavers in the Inka Province of PachacamacBy following the principle that offerings, accompanying the dead, can be used effectively to determine the former occupation the deceased, we can extend our knowledge of the social organisation of the Province of  Pachacamac. The meaning of offerings in terms of level of social status and occupation is interpreted by artifacts which probably belonged the deceased, including those which would include personal items and the tools of the trade, both of which would confirm what kind of social status the deceased enjoyed and what trade he or she pursued. This suits particularly well if the tools and other instruments for specific tasks show signs of wear and if there are half-finished products, such as textiles or nets. In this article I want to identify aspects concerning two specialists groups: the priests and weavers. / Investigaciones arqueológicas han comprobado que, durante el Periodo Intermedio Tardío y el Horizonte Tardío, algunos contextos funerarios son diagnósticos en la identificación de especialidades u oficios laborales. Esto puede demostrarse en la provincia inka de Pachacamac y en este artículo se intenta caracterizar algunos aspectos de dos grupos de especialistas identificados por el análisis arqueológico, apoyado por importantes y reveladoras informaciones etnohistóricas. Es interés del autor mostrar los resultados de sus investigaciones respecto a los sacerdotes y tejedores andinos.

A presente pesquisa de doutorado pretende levantar, catalogar e examinar os vestígios arqueológicos dos contextos funerários, datados entre o intervalo do século XI ao VIII a.C. nos principais sítios da região da Argólida (Mapas 1, 2 e 3), Argos, Tirinto, Asine, Micenas, Náuplia e Lerna. Comparando tais dados entre si, e discutindo-os a partir de fundamentos teórico-metodológicos da Arqueologia das Práticas Mortuárias, objetivamos, por fim, levantar considerações sobre os costumes funerários dessa área, revelando possíveis padrões de enterramento e de comportamento sócio-cultural inseridos nas mudanças políticas ocorridas em um período de longa duração, principalmente, durante o período denominado de Alto Arcaísmo, o século VIII a.C., com o processo de formação da pólis argiva. / This thesis intends to gather, catalogue and analyze the archaeological data from the funerary contexts, dated from the XI to the VIII centuries BC in the main sites of the Argive plain (Maps 1, 2 and 3). Finally, it is also our aim to compare the data collected and discuss them through the theoretical and methodological basis of the Archaeology of Mortuary Practices trying to reach some questions and considerations about the funerary customs and burial patterns of this region and also possible social and cultural behavior characteristic of the shifts occurred mainly during the VIII century BC.

Archaeological Research at Cerro del Oro, Cañete ValleyThe excavations at Cerro del Oro in the Cañete valley revealed an uninterrupted occupation sequence since the Early Intermediate Period. This huge archaeological complex acquires its monumental features about this time, but it also evidences significant changes during the Epoch 1 of the Middle Horizon Period, with the introduction of new cultural patterns. This preliminary report tries to identify these social changes in their cultural expression. / Las excavaciones en Cerro del Oro, valle de Cañete, han revelado una ocupación constante desde el Periodo Intermedio Temprano. Este gran complejo arqueológico adquiere sus rasgos monumentales desde esta época, pero también evidencia cambios significativos durante la primera época del Horizonte Medio, con la introducción de nuevos patrones culturales. Este informe preliminar trata de identificar estos cambios en la expresión cultural de esta sociedad.

The Excavations of Proyecto Arqueológico Huaca 20 (1999 and 2001 Seasons)Archaeological research at the Huaca 20 site, part of the great Maranga complex, revealed a continuous occupational sequence from the late Early Intermediate Period through the beginning of the Middle Horizon. The occupations show functional variations, including residential and domestic uses -with significant changes in the orientation, techniques and materials of construction, as well as in the area irrigated by canals. Irrigation ditches were eventually filled in to accommodate a cemetery that contained several burials with Nievería style ceramics. / Los estudios en el sitio denominado Huaca 20, complejo Maranga, se ha registrado una continua ocupación desde el fin del Periodo Intermedio Temprano hasta inicios del Horizonte Medio. Dichas ocupaciones varían entre el uso residencial o doméstico de la zona -observándose un cambio significativo en cuanto a la orientación, técnicas y materiales de construcción de las estructuras- así como el de zona de regadío por medio de canales, los cuales se clausuran luego para dar paso a un uso funerario del terreno. Algunos de los contextos funerarios hallados cuentan entre sus asociaciones con material cerámico Nievería.