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Historical accounts of mortuary display during the 19th-century and evidence from archaeological investigations at historic cemeteries can contribute substantially to our understanding of related chronological and social-status issues. An inadequate understanding of mortuary practice in Texas circa 1821 to 1870 frustrates assessment of site chronology and status-related interpretations. While there are numerous studies of individual cemeteries, there is, as of yet, no synthesis of historical and archaeological data pertaining to mortuary practices in early Texas. In response to this deficiency, this thesis provides a synthesis of mortuary practices and the availability of related paraphernalia in Texas circa 1821-1870. Data from numerous cemeteries are compiled to establish a chronology for mortuary practices and to develop a seriation of select burial furnishings as an aid in assessing status-related variation in mortuary display. Results of the study, as gleaned from archival and archaeological data, indicate that mortuary display in mid-19th-century Texas is not so much a proxy of wealth, as it is a measure of popular cultural trends and economic contexts. These findings are used to reassess cemetery chronologies and status indices, including several interments at Matagorda Cemetery (1835-present), which serve as case studies.

The literature presents a number of advantages regarding companies’ strategic focus on product design, arguing that the dimension of visual aesthetics in products may help a company to create commercial success, e.g. through product differentiation and as a means of company brand recognition. However, developing new products that have visual aesthetics as an important dimension is not without difficulty, and may lead to a number of managerial challenges. The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to describe and analyse how companies develop products that have visual aesthetics as an important dimension. The thesis describes and analyses: how the dimension of visual aesthetics affects the characteristics of the new product development process; how companies strike a balance between commercial and creative imperatives during new product development; and how companies source and collaborate using artistic design resources during new product development. Based on findings from five new product development projects and from interviews with managers at twelve Swedish designer furniture manufacturers, the thesis concludes that the dimension of visual aesthetics in products affects new product development in different ways. First, companies’ development of visual aesthetics calls for a more creative, artistic development process whereby, for example, idea generation and evaluation are often flexible in relation to plans made. Moreover, the different and subjective judgement of the aesthetic value of products has implications for new product development, e.g. that the company needs to address and balance imperatives stemming from different audiences, i.e. the designer’s self, peers, and the mass market, during product development. Also, it is concluded that the sourcing of designer resources and the composition of designer portfolios are both critical and related to companies’ desired brand image. A close and trustful working relationship between the designer and the manufacturer is a basis for companies’ successful product development. Theoretically, this research contributes to the product development literature through its findings on companies’ new product development processes in a seldom researched context, i.e. the development of designer products. Additionally, it contributes to the literature on design outsourcing by presenting new findings on the interplay between artistic design resources and managers. Moreover, it also contributes to the marketing literature by providing fresh insights into how companies balance their commercial and creative interests when developing new products. / Design och dess relation till företags marknadsföring är något som diskuteras både i akademisk litteratur och i samhället i övrigt. Genom att förstå och utnyttja design kan företaget skapa kommersiella fördelar, t ex genom att differentiera produkten från konkurrenternas och skapa igenkänning för företagets varumärke. Dock är utveckling av produkter med design som en viktig dimension inte oproblematisk utan kan leda till stora utmaningar för företaget. Tre sådana utmaningar i företag beskrivs och analyseras i denna avhandling. För det första behandlar avhandlingen hur ett fokus på design påverkar företagets produktutvecklingsprocess. Vidare studeras hur företaget balanserar kreativa och kommersiella intressen under produktutvecklingsprocessen. Dessutom behandlar avhandlingen hur företaget införskaffar och samarbetar med formgivare. Den industriella kontext som valts för denna avhandling är den svenska designmöbelindustrin. Avhandlingens slutsatser bygger på fallstudier inom väletablerade och framgångsrika företag inom denna industri. Avhandlingen visar att dimensionen av design påverkar företagens utvecklingsarbete på olika sätt. Först visar studien att de studerade företagens utveckling av designmöbler innebär en kreativ utvecklingsprocess där t.ex. idé-generering och ‑urval sällan grundas i strikta produktplaner utan i stället präglas av flexibilitet och tillvaratagande på uppkomna möjligheter. Vidare är bedömningen av en produkts designvärde subjektiv och svår att formulera i ord. Urvalet av lovande produktidéer grundas därför i hög grad på ledningens goda kunskap om design och erfarenhet inom branschen. Utöver detta påverkas företagens produktutveckling på olika sätt av det faktum att designvärde också skapas genom uppmärksamhet och uppskattning av exempelvis press, mässor och utmärkelser. Det visas också att företagens urval av formgivare är kritiskt och basen för ett framgångsrikt utvecklingsarbete. I de studerade företagen sker utveckling av produkter i nära och förtroendefullt samarbete mellan managers och formgivare. Dessutom kan företag påverka sitt varumärke genom att skapa en genomtänkt strategi för urval av formgivare och samarbetsformer med dessa.

Transformable Furniture Master’s Degree Work The theme of the Master’s degree work - “Transformable Furniture” – is a topical issue these days, because the problem of irrational and tasteless furniture as well as interiors still exists. After analysing theories of the development of contemporary material environment as well as philosophical and artistic theories and attitude through the prism of the art and science proportion, the conception of the art playfulness, tendencies of the development of furniture and interior installations, assortment and principles of the creation and art conception as well as ergonomic laws, declared by the Functionality, the Constructivism, the concept of the Master’s degree work was formed, theoretical description was prepared and the universal, transformable furniture of 98 sq. m., designed for the interior was created; it enables to plan the dwelling space rationally and creatively. The project is composed from eleven main objects with continuous transformable modifications of the furniture for individual space. The project is presented on fourteen plane-tables with detailed schemes of each object, visualisations of their position in the interior. Three-dimensional models of each object are presented following a chosen scale of M 1 : 10. After the analysis of theoretical sources and their application in the project, the conclusions were made: transformable furniture enables to form the mobile as well as playful individual space... [to full text]

Didėjantis mūsų gyvenimo tempas, dažniausiai nepalieka laiko poilsiui, bendravimui su artimaisiais, laikas tampa deficitu. Visi priversti skubėti, todėl vis labiau populiaresni tampa dizaino sprendimai, padedantys taupyti brangų laiką, sudarantys galimybę produkto vartotojui pačiam tapti kūrėju formuojant aplinką. Tai paskatino sukurti universalų baldą, lengvai transformuojamą. Šis kūrinys tarnaus ne tik kaip baldas poilsiui, atsipalaidavimui, bet atliks ir žaidybiškumo funkciją, lavins loginį mastymą ir vaizduotę. Bakalauro darbo pavadinimas „ DOMINO“. Tai modulinis transformuojamas baldas, kuris susideda iš 17 dalių. Pagrindas – lagamino formos dėžė, kuri gali transformuotis į minkštasuolį, staliuką su 16 minkštų odinių pagalvėlių, tinkantį laisvalaikio praleidimui, poilsiui, arba tarnauti kaip žaidybinė priemonė. Šį modulinį baldą lengvai galima transformuoti į lagaminą, tai sudarys galimybę jį patogiai transportuoti, panaudoti išvykose, ar poilsiaujant. Šis baldas puikiai tiks tiek mažose tiek didesnėse erdvėse, ar gamtoje. Spalvins komplekto sprendimas juodojo šokolado ir dramblio kaulo spalvos oda, tokį sprendimą lėmė tai, kad šios spalvos tradiciškai naudojamos šiame žaidime, tarpusavyje dera, nėra reiklios, todėl lengvai įsikomponuoja į aplinką, yra raminančios. Šis baldas puikiai tiks ir paaugliams ir suaugusiems. / The increasing pace of our lives often leaves no time to relax and communicate with our family and friends and time becomes a deficit. Therefore we can see increasing popularity of  design solutions that help to save valuable time, allowing the user to become himself a product designer in shaping his own environment. This led to the creation of universal furniture which is easily transformed. This creation will serve not only as a piece of furniture for relaxation but will have fuctions of entertaintment and will develop his owner's logical thinking and imagination. The title of this Bachelor's work is "Domino". The object of this work is a transformed modular furniture, which consists of 17 parts. The base of this furniture is suitcase which could be transformed into an armchair and a table with 16 upholstered leather pads, suitable for leisure, relaxation, or serve as a playful tool. This modular furniture could be easily transformed back to the suitcase, this fuction will be convenient to transport it and use during travels. This piece of furniture will suit both for small and large spaces as well as outdoors. Decision for the colour of the furniture was taken in regard of colours traditionally used in the game. Furthermore colours match each other and has calming features, also such combination of the colours is not demanding, so it could be easily integrated to environment. This furniture will be good for both adults and juveniles.

Baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjami moduliniai poilsio baldai. Darbo pavadinimas – „Modulinių poilsio baldų projektas „Fleksi““. Darbo apimtį sudaro 5 planšetai, filmukas, vaizduojantis sukurtus trimačius baldus, ir aprašas. Bakalauro darbe pateikiamas modulinių poilsio baldų aprašas. Darbą sudaro 7 dalys. Darbo tikslas – paruošti modulinių baldų projektą. Darbo uždavinys – sukurti gražius bei originalius baldus, kuriuos vartotojas galėtų pritaikyti pagal savo poreikius, kuriuos būtų galima lengvai transformuoti ir kurie leistų patirti naujus pojūčius. Darbo eiga prasidėjo nuo prototipų analizės. Nagrinėti įvairūs baldai, ieškant idėjos baldui. Buvo kuriami įvairūs eskizai, iš kurių išsirinkti geriausi. Tuomet buvo kuriamos jų schemos bei tolesni brėžiniai. Galutiniame variante sukurti keturi moduliniai poilsio baldai. Tai – lentyna su sėdima dalimi, staliukas, kėdė ir pakabinama lentyna. Baldus lengva transportuoti ir surinkti. Naujumas: baldai leis patirti naujus pojūčius. Baldus bus galima pritaikyti pagal savo poreikius bei iš turimų modulių sukurti tokį baldą, kokio nori vartotojas – kėdę, staliuką ar lentyną. / The final paper analyses modular leisure furniture. Topic: Modular Leisure Furniture Project "Fleksi". Paper volume includes 5 project drawings, video showing the created 3D furniture and description. Bachelor’s paper presents modular leisure furniture description. The paper is made of 8 parts. Aim of the paper: to design a modular leisure furniture project. Task: to create nice and original furniture to be adapted to customer’s needs. Furniture should be easily transformed allowing experiencing new sensations. Course: the work started with prototype analysis. I analysed various furniture in order to find an idea. Then I created various sketches, selected the best ones, made their schemes and further drawings. Finally, four modular leisure furniture pieces were created: the shelf with a sitting place, small table, chair and suspended shelf. The furniture is easy to assemble and transport. Novelty: the furniture will allow experiencing new sensations. The furniture can be adapted to one’s individual needs.

Bakalaurinis darbas – kosmetinis staliukas ,, Femina” (moteris), įgyvendintas remiantis vaizdine bei teorine informacija, surinkta analizuojant XXI a. būdingas sėdimųjų baldų tendencijas, pastarojo meto kūrybines koncepcijas, konstrukcijas bei medžiagas. Šiuo laikmečiu ypač aktualus tampa baldų daugiafunkcionalumas, formų lakoniškumas ir išbaigtumas, pritaikomumas įvairiose erdvėse, atitikimas vartotojo lūkesčius baldo išvaizdai, racionaliam erdvių panaudojimui. Darbe apžvelgiami ir analizuojami šiuolaikiniai baldų formos ir technologiniai sprendimai, baldų gamybos medžiagos, žinomiausi dizaineriai. Surinkta teorinė ir vaizdinė medžiaga tampriai siejasi su išsikelta baigiamojo darbo kūrybine idėja. Pateikiama suprojektuoto ir įgyvendinto baldo vaizdinė medžiaga ir teorinis aprašas, jame nusakant gaminio koncepciją, pagrindžiant meninį sprendimą, jam pagaminti naudojamas medžiagas, bei technologijas. Kūrybinių paieškų tikslas - sukurti stilingą šiuolaikinį baldą - kosmetinį staliuką, siekiant išgauti vientisą, išbaigtą formą, harmoningą spalvinį derinį. Įgyvendintas dizaino objektas gali būti pritaikytas privačiuose ir visuomeniniuose interjeruose, eksponuojamas parodinėse erdvėse. / Bachelor work - a cosmetic table,, Femina” (woman), implemented on the basis of theoretical and visual information gathered by the analysis of the twenty-first century typical seating trends of recent creative concepts, designs and materials. In this era of furniture is especially important multifunctionality offurniture, laconic forms and completeness of applicability in various areas, matching the user expectations of the appearance of the furniture, the rational use of space. At work reviewed and analyzed modern forms of furniture and technology solutions, furniture, construction material, most famous designers. Collected theoretical and visual material is closely related to the thesis set in a creative idea. Presented designed and implemented furniture reproductions and theoretical description of the product, it implying the concept of supporting an artistic decision, it is made using materials and technologies. Search for creative purpose - to create a stylish modern furniture - dressing table, in order get a single and complete form, harmonious color combination. Completed table can be adapted to private and public interiors, exposed in gallery spaces.

Grasping the wooden handle of a dozukime saw with both hands, I make a rip-cut into a block of eastern white pine, leaving behind a 1/64-inch wide kerf. I am cutting a dovetail: a wood joint developed over five-thousand years ago by the hands of our ancestors. Even now, a well-fitted dovetail joint remains one of the strongest, most elegant ways to join wood. I knew nothing about traditional woodworking when I first picked up a hand-plane, but I was soon inspired by the richness of the craft: the quality of a hand-planed finish, the spirit of craftsmanship, and the nature of material. I was amazed by the wealth of knowledge embodied in craftwork. The tools and materials I encountered spoke to me; I learned to care for them and for my work. How would the things I make endure through time? How would the things I make affect others? In an era where materialism has come to represent a spiritless relationship to the things around us, traditions of craft can teach us how to imbue the human spirit in our work. After making a harvest table, four chairs, ninety-four earthenware pots, and a lamp, I reflect on the act of making as a means of discovery. Making affects our thinking and our approach to material and environment. Making can help us develop a craftsman???s capacity to listen, a great respect for material, and a desire to make better objects for posterity. Making is learning.

Throughout history, objects of art have been damaged and sometimes destroyed in earthquakes. Even though the importance of providing seismically adequate design for nonstructural components has received attention over the past decade, art objects in museums, either on display or in storage, require further research. The research reported in this study was undertaken to investigate the seismic vulnerability of art objects. Data for this research was gathered from three museums in Montreal. / The seismic behaviour of three unrestrained display cases, storage shelves, and a 6m long dinosaur skeleton model structure was investigated according to the seismic hazard for Montreal and representative museum floor motions were simulated for that purpose. Particular attention was paid to the support conditions, the effects of modified floor surface conditions, the sliding and rocking response of unrestrained display cases, the location (floor elevation) of the display case and/or storage shelves, art object mass, and the dynamic properties of the display cases/storage shelves. The seismic vulnerability of art objects was evaluated based on the seismic response of the display cases/storage shelves at the level of art object display. The display cases were investigated experimentally using shake table testing. Computer analyses were used to simulate the seismic behaviour of storage shelves, and the seismic sensitivity of the dinosaur structure was determined via free vibration acceleration measurements. The floor contact conditions and floor elevation had a crucial effect on the unrestrained display cases, causing them to slide or rock vigorously. The distribution of content mass had a large impact on the response of the shelving system. As a result of experimental and analytical analyses, recommendations and/or simple mitigation techniques are provided to reduce the seismic vulnerability of objects of art.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-50). Also available via the Internet.