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Etude de la pénétration du champignon Fusarium vasinfectum (Atk.) varFahmy, Tewfik, January 1930 (has links)
Thése--Geneva. / At head of title: Université de Genève--Institut de botanique. "Ouvrages consultés": p. 65-66.
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Studies with Fusarium solani and other fungi isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris and Pisum sativumYang, Shaw-Ming, January 1966 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Toxicity of Fusarium tricinctum in rats and cattleKosuri, Narayana Rao, January 1969 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-148).
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Fusarium toxins chemistry of toxic trichothecenes [I.] II. Organolithium chemistry.Kotsonis, Frank N. January 1975 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1975. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
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Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen zum Abbau pflanzlicher Zellwände durch den phytopathogenen Pilz "Fusarium graminearum" Cellulasen und ihre Regulation /Bauknecht, Heiko. January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Münster (Westfalen), Universiẗat, Diss., 2004.
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Genetische und physiologische Einflußfaktoren sowie deren Wechselwirkungen auf die Trichothecenbildung bei Roggen, Triticale und Weizen nach Inokulation mit Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc.Reinbrecht, Carsten. Unknown Date (has links) (PDF)
Universiẗat, Diss., 2002--Hohenheim. / Erscheinungsjahr an der Haupttitelstelle: 2002.
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Prevalência, perfil toxigênico e agressividade de espécies de Fusarium associadas aos grãos de milho do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Prevalence, toxigenic profile and aggressiveness of fusarium species associated with corn kernels from Rio Grande Do Sul stateStumpf, Raquel January 2011 (has links)
A maior preocupação com micotoxinas em grãos de milho tem ganhado importância devido às podridões da espiga causadas por Fusarium spp. Este estudo teve como objetivos: 1) levantar a incidência de Fusarium spp. e determinar níveis de fumonisinas em grãos de milho (safras 2009 e 2010) em municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul; 2) identificar as espécies de Fusarium associadas com os grãos; 3) determinar o potencial toxigênico dos isolados por método moleculare e 4) avaliar características fisiológias e patogênicas em uma seleção de 12 isolados. Vinte e nove amostras de grãos foram avaliadas quanto à incidência de espécies dos complexos Gibberella fujikuroi e G. zeae, além de fumonisina (FB1 e FB2), por HPLC. Foi observada uma dominância de espécies do complexo G. fujikuroi (96%), em comparação à G. zeae (18%). Análises químicas mostraram a presença de FB1 em 27/29 amostras (média = 1,38 μg.g-1) e FB2 em 13/29 amostras, (média de 0,42 μg.g- 1). Foram obtidos 304 isolados monospóricos em quatro populações (regional 2009; regional 2010; Cruz Alta e Veranópolis), os quais foram identificados com base na morfologia e PCR usando primers específicos para G. fujikuroi (F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans e F. proliferatum) e G. zeae (F. graminearum = Fg). PCR foi usada para detectar o gene FUM+, preditivo da síntese de fumonisina e os genes Tri3 e Tri12, preditivos dos genótipos tricotecenos: 3-ADON, 15-ADON e NIV. F. verticillioides foi encontrada em maior prevalência (86,8%), seguido de F. graminearum (6,9%), F. subglutinans (1,3%) e F. proliferatum (0,7%). Em 30/264 isolados de F. verticillioides o gene FUM+ não foi detectado. Em 12 isolados de F. graminearum houve dominância do genótipo NIV (8/12), seguido de 15-ADON (3/12) e 3-ADON (1/12). Todos os isolados selecionados para avaliação das características fisiológicas e patogênicas mostraram diferenças na taxa de crescimento micelial (TCM) e sensibilidade ao tebuconazole. Os isolados de F. verticillioides apresentaram os menores valores de TCM e mais alta sensibilidade ao fungicida, seguido dos isolados Fg NIV e Fg 15-ADON. Todos foram eficientes na infecção das sementes com efeitos negativos na germinação e emergência de plântulas. Ambas as espécies colonizaram o colmo de plantas de 20 dias, com destaque para um isolado Fg NIV. A análise multivariada permitiu identificar três grupos distintos de isolados. / The increasing concern to mycotoxins in maize kernels is related to a frequent occurrence of epidemics of ear rot of corn caused by Fusarium spp in Brazil. This study aimed to: 1) assess the incidence of Fusarium spp. and determine fumonisin levels in maize samples (harvest seasons 2009 and 2010) from several municipalities of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil; 2) identify Fusarium species associated with the maize kernels; 3) determine the toxigenic potential of isolates using molecular markers; and 4) evaluate the physiological and pathogenic characteristics in a group 12 selected isolates. Twenty-nine commercial grain samples were evaluated for the incidence of Gibberella fujikuroi and G. zeae species complex, and fumonisin (FB1 and FB2) levels by using HPLC. We observed a dominance of G. fujikuroi (96%) over G. zeae (18%) species. Chemical analysis showed the presence of FB1 in 27/29 samples (mean = 1,38 μg.g-1) and FB2 in 13/29 samples (mean 0,42 μg.g-1). A sample of 304 single-spore isolates was obtained and separated into four populations (regional 2009, regional 2010, Cruz Alta and Veranópolis), which were identified based on morphology and PCR using specific primers for three species of the G. fujikuroi complex (F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans and F. proliferatum) and G. zeae (F. graminearum sensu lato). PCR was also used to detect FUM+ gene, predictive of fumonisina synthesis and Tri3 and Tri12 genes, predictive of three trichothecene genotypes: 3-ADON, 15-ADON and NIV. F. verticillioides was found in higher prevalence (86,8%), followed by F. graminearum (6.9%), F. subglutinans (1.3%) and F. proliferatum (0,7%). FUM+ gene was not detected in 30/264 F. verticillioides isolates. For the 12 F. graminearum isolates, NIV was the dominant genotype (8/12), followed by 15-ADON (3/12) and 3-ADON (1/12). All isolates selected for assessment of physiological and pathogenic characteristics showed differences in mycelial growth rate (MGR) and sensitivity to tebuconazole. All F. verticillioides isolates had the lowest MGR and a much higher sensitivity to the fungicide, followed by 15-ADON and NIV isolates. All isolates successfully infected and colonized the seeds, with negative effects on seed viability and seedling emergence. Both species colonized the stems of 20-days old plants using a toothpick inoculation method, and one F. graminearum NIV strain was the most aggressive. Multivariate analysis identified three distinct groups of isolates.
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Funciones Catalíticas de las Oxidasas de Giberelinas en Fusarium KonzumPonce López, Iván Alexis January 2008 (has links)
Memoria para optar el título de Bioquímico / El hongo filamentoso Fusarium konzum pertenece al complejo taxonómico
Gibberella fujikuroi formado por 9 especies biológicas que se han aislado desde
distintas plantas y que sintetizan diversos metabolitos secundarios. Dos especies
del complejo, F. fujikuroi y F. konzum, producen giberelinas (GAs), diterpenos
activos como fitohormonas. Las demás especies no producen GAs aunque
contienen los genes respectivos o parte de ellos.
En este trabajo se caracterizó la biosíntesis de GAs en la cepa I3 de F.
konzum tanto a nivel de las reacciones químicas como de las enzimas que las
catalizan y se comparó con la especie bien estudiada, F. fujikuroi. El análisis de
GAs endógenas en distintas cepas de F. konzum indicó que el producto principal
de la vía metabólica es la lactona 3,13-dihidroxilada GA1. También se encontró
ácido giberélico (GA3) aunque en menor cantidad. Mediante la administración de
precursores marcados con 14C a los cultivos líquidos, se determinó la secuencia
biosintética para GA1 en la que participan como intermediarios el ácido entkaurenoico,
el GA12 aldehído, y las giberelinas 3b-hidroxiladas GA14 (C20) y GA4
(C19). La vía 3b-hidroxilada es la principal y la vía no hidroxilada es menor. La
reacción de hidroxilación en C13 ocurre al final de la secuencia, sobre el GA4 en
cambio la hidroxilación en C3b ocurre en una etapa temprana, a nivel del GA12
aldehído.
En las incubaciones con ácido ent-14C-kaurenoico se acumularon los
intermediarios 14C-GA14 y 14C-GA4 en tanto que a partir del precursor 14C-GA12 se
formó el C20 alcohol (14C-GA15) y el C20 aldehído (14C-GA24) además del
producto lactónico 14C-GA9. Esto sugiere que las oxidasas de GAs presentan
eficiencias reducidas en F. konzum lo que se confirmó determinando en los
cultivos las velocidades de las reacciones respectivas. Se encontró que en la cepa
I3 de F. konzum la GA14 sintasa oxida al ácido ent-14C-kaurenoico con una
velocidad 397 veces menor que en la cepa ACC917 de F. fujikuroi mientras que la
C20 oxidasa metaboliza el 14C-GA12 con una velocidad reducida en un factor de
216. La reacción final de la secuencia, la 13-hidroxilación, es la etapa limitante de la biosíntesis de GA1 y presentó en F. konzum, una velocidad 48 veces menor
que en F. fujikuroi.
Utilizando fracciones microsomales obtenidas del micelio de la cepa I3 de F.
konzum se demostró que la fuente de electrones para las reacciones de
hidroxilación en 3b y oxidación en C7 del GA12 aldehído es exclusivamente el
NADPH, lo que sugiere que la citocromo P450 reductasa sería la proteína
transportadora de electrones asociada a la GA14 sintasa en este organismo y
probablemente también estaría asociada a las demás monooxigenasas de GAs.
Tanto la C20 oxidasa como la 13-hidroxilasa de F. konzum presentaron eficiencias
similares en presencia y en ausencia de NH4NO3 lo que sugiere que en esta
especie de Fusarium el mecanismo de regulación por nitrógeno descrito en F.
fujikuroi no es funcional o presenta una baja eficiencia. Esto generaría una baja
expresión de los genes de la biosíntesis de GAs explicando la velocidad reducida
de las reacciones estudiadas.
La secuencia de biosíntesis de giberelinas desde el ácido ent-kaurenoico
hasta GA1 y GA3 en F. konzum es similar a la de F. fujikuroi pero ambos sistemas
difieren en la eficiencia de las oxidasas y en el mecanismo de inducción lo que
explicaría la generación de distintos productos finales y la acumulación de
intermediarios en F. konzum / The filamentous fungus Fusarium konzum belongs to the taxonomic
complex Gibberella fujikuroi formed by nine biological species isolated from
different plants which synthesize various secondary metabolites. Two species of
the complex, F. fujikuroi and F. kozum produce gibberellins (GAs), diterpene
metabolites active as phytohormones. The other species do not produce GAs even
when they contain all or some of the GA-biosynthetic genes.
In this work gibberellin biosynthesis was characterized in F. konzum at the
level of the chemical reactions as well as of the respective enzymes and was
compared to the well known GA-producing species F. fujikuroi. Endogenous GAs
analysis indicated that the main product was the 3,13-dihydroxylated lactone GA1.
Gibberellic acid (3,13-dihydroxylated, D1,2; GA3) was also found in the cultures
although at a lower level. The metabolic sequence for GA1 biosynthesis was
determined by adding 14C-labelled precursors into liquid cultures of I3 F. konzum
strain which showed that ent-kaurenoic acid, GA12 aldehyde, GA14 (C20) and GA4
(C19) are intermediates of the sequence. The 3b-hydroxylated pathway is the
major pathway while the non-hydroxylated is a minor pathway. Hydroxylation at
C13 occurs in a late step of the sequence over GA4 or GA7 in contrast to 3b-
hydroxylation that occurs over GA12 aldehyde at an early step.
In incubations with ent-14C-kaurenoic acid, the 3b-hydroxylated products
14C-GA14 and 14C-GA4 accumulated while the C20 alcohol (14C-GA15) and the C20
aldehyde (14C-GA24) were formed from 14C-GA12 besides the lactonic product 14CGA9.
This result suggests that GA oxidases would have reduced catalytic
efficiencies in F. konzum which was confirmed by determining the rates of the
respective reactions in cultures of the strain I3. In this strain GA14 synthase oxidized
ent-14C-kaurenoic acid with a rate 397 times lower than in F. fujikuroi (ACC917
strain) while C20 oxidase metabolized 14C-GA12 with a rate reduced by a factor of 216. The last reaction of the sequence, 13-hydroxylation is the limiting step of GA
biosynthesis and showed in F. konzum a rate 48 times lower than in F. fujikuroi.
Microsomal fractions obtained from the mycelia of F. konzum catalyzed 3b-
hydroxylation and C7-oxidation of GA12 aldehyde exclusively in the presence of
NADPH. This suggests that cytochorome P450 reductase would be the electron
transport protein associated to GA14 synthase and probably to the other GA
monooxygenases in this Fusarium species. Gibberellin C20 oxidase as well as 13-
hydroxylase have similar catalytic efficiencies in cultures containing ammonium
nitrate or without this compound which suggests that nitrogen regulation of GA
biosynthesis is not functional in F. konzum or has a low efficiency. This would
explain the reduced rates found for the reactions catalyzed by GA
monooxygenases in I3.
The biosynthetic sequence from ent-kaurenoic acid to GA1 or to GA3 is
similar in F. konzum and in F. fujikuroi although both systems differ in the efficiency
of the GA oxidases and in the effect ammonium nitrate which would result in
different final products in both systems as well as in accumulation of intermediates
in F. konzum
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Prevalência, perfil toxigênico e agressividade de espécies de Fusarium associadas aos grãos de milho do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / Prevalence, toxigenic profile and aggressiveness of fusarium species associated with corn kernels from Rio Grande Do Sul stateStumpf, Raquel January 2011 (has links)
A maior preocupação com micotoxinas em grãos de milho tem ganhado importância devido às podridões da espiga causadas por Fusarium spp. Este estudo teve como objetivos: 1) levantar a incidência de Fusarium spp. e determinar níveis de fumonisinas em grãos de milho (safras 2009 e 2010) em municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul; 2) identificar as espécies de Fusarium associadas com os grãos; 3) determinar o potencial toxigênico dos isolados por método moleculare e 4) avaliar características fisiológias e patogênicas em uma seleção de 12 isolados. Vinte e nove amostras de grãos foram avaliadas quanto à incidência de espécies dos complexos Gibberella fujikuroi e G. zeae, além de fumonisina (FB1 e FB2), por HPLC. Foi observada uma dominância de espécies do complexo G. fujikuroi (96%), em comparação à G. zeae (18%). Análises químicas mostraram a presença de FB1 em 27/29 amostras (média = 1,38 μg.g-1) e FB2 em 13/29 amostras, (média de 0,42 μg.g- 1). Foram obtidos 304 isolados monospóricos em quatro populações (regional 2009; regional 2010; Cruz Alta e Veranópolis), os quais foram identificados com base na morfologia e PCR usando primers específicos para G. fujikuroi (F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans e F. proliferatum) e G. zeae (F. graminearum = Fg). PCR foi usada para detectar o gene FUM+, preditivo da síntese de fumonisina e os genes Tri3 e Tri12, preditivos dos genótipos tricotecenos: 3-ADON, 15-ADON e NIV. F. verticillioides foi encontrada em maior prevalência (86,8%), seguido de F. graminearum (6,9%), F. subglutinans (1,3%) e F. proliferatum (0,7%). Em 30/264 isolados de F. verticillioides o gene FUM+ não foi detectado. Em 12 isolados de F. graminearum houve dominância do genótipo NIV (8/12), seguido de 15-ADON (3/12) e 3-ADON (1/12). Todos os isolados selecionados para avaliação das características fisiológicas e patogênicas mostraram diferenças na taxa de crescimento micelial (TCM) e sensibilidade ao tebuconazole. Os isolados de F. verticillioides apresentaram os menores valores de TCM e mais alta sensibilidade ao fungicida, seguido dos isolados Fg NIV e Fg 15-ADON. Todos foram eficientes na infecção das sementes com efeitos negativos na germinação e emergência de plântulas. Ambas as espécies colonizaram o colmo de plantas de 20 dias, com destaque para um isolado Fg NIV. A análise multivariada permitiu identificar três grupos distintos de isolados. / The increasing concern to mycotoxins in maize kernels is related to a frequent occurrence of epidemics of ear rot of corn caused by Fusarium spp in Brazil. This study aimed to: 1) assess the incidence of Fusarium spp. and determine fumonisin levels in maize samples (harvest seasons 2009 and 2010) from several municipalities of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil; 2) identify Fusarium species associated with the maize kernels; 3) determine the toxigenic potential of isolates using molecular markers; and 4) evaluate the physiological and pathogenic characteristics in a group 12 selected isolates. Twenty-nine commercial grain samples were evaluated for the incidence of Gibberella fujikuroi and G. zeae species complex, and fumonisin (FB1 and FB2) levels by using HPLC. We observed a dominance of G. fujikuroi (96%) over G. zeae (18%) species. Chemical analysis showed the presence of FB1 in 27/29 samples (mean = 1,38 μg.g-1) and FB2 in 13/29 samples (mean 0,42 μg.g-1). A sample of 304 single-spore isolates was obtained and separated into four populations (regional 2009, regional 2010, Cruz Alta and Veranópolis), which were identified based on morphology and PCR using specific primers for three species of the G. fujikuroi complex (F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans and F. proliferatum) and G. zeae (F. graminearum sensu lato). PCR was also used to detect FUM+ gene, predictive of fumonisina synthesis and Tri3 and Tri12 genes, predictive of three trichothecene genotypes: 3-ADON, 15-ADON and NIV. F. verticillioides was found in higher prevalence (86,8%), followed by F. graminearum (6.9%), F. subglutinans (1.3%) and F. proliferatum (0,7%). FUM+ gene was not detected in 30/264 F. verticillioides isolates. For the 12 F. graminearum isolates, NIV was the dominant genotype (8/12), followed by 15-ADON (3/12) and 3-ADON (1/12). All isolates selected for assessment of physiological and pathogenic characteristics showed differences in mycelial growth rate (MGR) and sensitivity to tebuconazole. All F. verticillioides isolates had the lowest MGR and a much higher sensitivity to the fungicide, followed by 15-ADON and NIV isolates. All isolates successfully infected and colonized the seeds, with negative effects on seed viability and seedling emergence. Both species colonized the stems of 20-days old plants using a toothpick inoculation method, and one F. graminearum NIV strain was the most aggressive. Multivariate analysis identified three distinct groups of isolates.
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Sledování obsahu trichothecenových mykotoxinů ve vzorcích environmentálního původuZvonek, Radek January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
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