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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / The Army development and test community must demonstrate the functionality and reliability of gun-launched projectiles and munitions systems, especially newer smart munitions. The best method to satisfy this requirement is to combine existing optical and tracking systems data with internal data measured with on-board instrumentation (i.e. spin, pitch, and yaw measurements for standard items and terminal sensor, signal processor, and guidance/navigation system monitoring for smart munitions). Acquisition of internal data is usually limited by available space, harsh launch environments, and high associated costs. A technology development and demonstration effort is underway to provide a new generation of products for use in this high-g arena. This paper describes the goals, objectives, and progress of the Hardened Subminiature Telemetry and Sensor System (HSTSS) program.

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El estudio evaluó la concentración de inmunoglobulina G (IgG) en saliva total en la enfermedad periodontal y su papel como marcador biológico en esta patología Se incluyeron 50 individuos sanos y 40 pacientes periodontales como grupos control y estudio respectivamente. El grupo de estudio se dividió en subgrupos de 20 individuos: gingivitis y periodontitis. El examen clínico evaluó placa dentaria, sangrado al sondaje y profundidad de sondaje. Las evaluaciones se efectuaron antes y después del tratamiento periodontal de Fase I. En ambos momentos se tomaron muestras de saliva total para determinar la concentración de IgG mediante el análisis espectrofotométrico de su absorbancia. Se encontró que a mayor progresión de la enfermedad periodontal los niveles de IgG eran más elevados encontrándose una diferencia significativa entre pacientes sanos, con gingivitis y periodontitis. Sin embargo el grado de severidad de la gingivitis no constituía un factor relevante para la variación del nivel de IgG. Entre los casos leves y severos de periodontitis se encontró una diferencia significativa en los niveles de IgG. / -- This study evaluated the concentration of inmunogluline G (IgG) in whole saliva in peridontal disease and its role as a biological marker in this patology. To realize the study, 50 healthy patients and 40 patients were incluyed as control and study group respectively. The study group was divided in subgroup with 20 patients: gingivitis and periodontitis. The clinical examination was realized evaluating dental plaque, probing bleeding and probing depth. The evaluation were performed before and after the phase I periodontal treatment. At each moment, we took whole saliva samples to determine the IgG concentration through espectrophotometric analysis of its absorbance. We found that the greater progression of the periodontal disease, more elevated was the IgG level IgG establishing a significant difference between the healthy patients and individuals with gingivitis and periodontitis. However, the severity of gingivitis didn’t constitute a outstanding factor for significant differences in IgG concentration between slight and severe cases. On the other hand, between slight and severe cases of patients with periodontitis, we found a significant difference at IgG levels.

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This thesis, “Taxonomy and conservation ecology of the genus Pinguicula L. (Lentibulariaceae)”, consists of 4 chapters. An abstract for each chapter is as follows: Chapter 1: Red List assessments of the genus Pinguicula L. The genus Pinguicula L. (Lentibulariaceae), comprising of 91 taxa all of which are carnivorous, is repeatedly collected from the field and is grown by amateur collectors. The current status of many Pinguicula taxa in the wild is mostly unavailable due to little information although a number of taxa are endemic to a small area and those are thought to be threatened. The International Union for Conservation (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria is a standard for evaluating the risk of extinction. In this chapter, all the 91 taxa recognised were evaluated using the criteria, Extent of occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO), based on herbarium specimens. The results suggest that at least 61 % of taxa are evaluated as threatened, and the risk is higher in “Mexico and Central America”than “Europe and Western Asia”, both of which are Pinguicula biodiversity hotspots. Urgent action for the conservation of the taxa and their habitats will be necessary. Chapter 2: Phylogenetic analyses of the genus Pinguicula L. The current taxonomy of the genus Pinguicula is based on the flower morphology, and it is divided into three subgenera, Isoloba, Pinguicula, and Temnoceras. Some recent molecular analyses, however, suggest that the results do not agree with the current subgeneric classification based on the morphological characters. In this chapter, three DNA regions, matK and trnK, rpl32-trnL in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) from 81 Pinguicula taxa, were sequenced. The three results are inconsistent with the taxonomy based on floral morphology. The molecular results, particularly ITS, infer that most of Pinguicula taxa are monophyletic within each geographic area. Chromosome and basic numbers are also agreed well with their distributions. Concerning the same seasonal growth cycle, forming winter rosettes or hibernacula, it is not just simply ecologically convergent but the taxa within the same region are phylogenetically closely related to one another. Phylogenetic trees inferred from the three regions and combined genes are also somewhat different from one another. Further research with other genes will be necessary to support the theory discussed in this chapter. Chapter 3: The effect of geographical and environmental factors on patterns of species richness in the genus Pinguicula L. A number of Pinguicula species are confined to a small geographical area and those are often endemic to the area while only a few species are distributed widely. This chapter explored what geographical and environmental factors affect species richness of Pinguicula. Four geographical factors, land area (km2), latitude of country centroid, mean elevation, mean distance to nearest coastline (km), and six Koeppen-Geiger climate categories, A (tropical-type climate category), B (dry-type climate category), C (temperate-type climate category), D (cold-type climate category), E (polar-type climate), and H (alpine-type climate) for each country were used for the analyses to determine whether the number of taxa in all countries, Europe and Western Asia, Northeastern Asia, and America were correlated with those factors. Overall, relatively weak positive correlations were found between the number of taxa and those factors. Remarkable results in this study have suggested that species richness is significantly correlated with land area, i.e. large countries have more species, probably due to diversity of climates. Furthermore the number of taxa is significantly correlated with climate B (dry) in all countries and America. The result implies that an impact of species richness in Mexico correlated with B (dry). Species richness of Pinguicula is particularly seen insmall wet places surrounded by large dry areas. More detailed studies on local ecology will be necessary to consider the distribution of the genus. Chapter 4: A revision of the genus Pinguicula L. The most recent revision of the genus Pinguicula was attempted by Casper in 1966, but the number of species expanded from 46 to almost double with some new sectional delimitations. Taxonomic confusion is, however, often seen and therefore a revision with recent knowledge is necessary. In this study, a review of literature and over 6,800 herbarium specimens from 167 herbaria was performed, and as a result, 91 Pinguicula taxa (89 species and 2 varieties) have been recognised. Based on the phylogenetic analysis in Chapter 2, a new sectional delimitation of the genus is proposed. In this study, the 91 taxa were divided into 11 sections including newly proposed sections, Alpinae, Andinae, Caribensis, Elongatae, Membraniformis, Mesoamericana, and Pumiliformis, as well as existing sections, Cardiophyllum, Isoloba, Nana, and Pinguicula. Keys to section and species, a brief description, distribution maps, and line drawings for each taxon are provided. Due to limited availability of materials on this occasion, some Italian taxa newly described in the recent years were unable to be examined in this study.

Multiscale phenomena implicitly appear in every physical model. The understanding of the general behavior of a given model at different scales and how one can correlate the behavior at two different scales is essential and can offer new important information. This thesis describes a series of new techniques and results in the analysis of multi-scale phenomena arising in PDEs on variable geometries. In the Second Chapter of the thesis, we present a series of new error estimate results for the periodic homogenization with nonsmooth coefficients. For the case of smooth coefficients, with the help of boundary layer correctors, error estimates results have been obtained by several authors (Oleinik, Lions, Vogelius, Allaire, Sarkis). Our results answer an open problem in the case of nonsmooth coefficients. Chapter 3 is focused on the homogenization of linear elliptic problems with variable nonsmooth coefficients and variable domains. Based on the periodic unfolding method proposed by Cioranescu, Damlamian and Griso in 2002, we propose a new technique for homogenization in perforated domains. With this new technique classical results are rediscovered in a new light and a series of new results are obtained. Also, among other advantages, the method helps one prove better corrector results. Chapter 4 is dedicated to the study of the limit behavior of a class of Steklov-type spectral problems on the Neumann sieve. This is equivalent with the limit analysis for the DtN-map spectrum on the sieve and has applications in the stability analysis of the earthquake nucleation phase model studied in Chapter 5. In Chapter 5, a $Gamma$-convergence result for a class of contact problems with a slip-weakening friction law, is described. These problems are associated with the modeling of the nucleation phase in earthquakes. Through the $Gamma$-limit we obtain an homogenous friction law as a good approximation for the local friction law and this helps us better understand the global behavior of the model, making use of the micro-scale information. As to our best knowledge, this is the first result proposing a homogenous friction law for this earthquake nucleation model.