Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdigarBernardoDosSantos.pdf: 1215755 bytes, checksum: 0867829a5c069c9043ccc11ad6c7aaa4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-31 / Boosted by the acceleration in the economic globalization, the increase of the business competition, the work to synergy, the scale gains and the exponential growth in development of the technology of information, companies increased their international transactions such as mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, issuance of debt securities, access to the public market of stocks abroad, etc. These transactions require exchange of accounting information in an international language. As the United States is considered one of the most important financial market in the world, the main objective of this narrative is the comparative analysis of the accounting standards and taxes applicable to the operations of business combinations in the United States and Brazil. Primary, it was presented some statistics about business combinations, followed by a conceptual and literature review. In the chapters called accounting procedures for the operations of business combinations in the United States and Brazil, the main accounting standard issued in each country is analyzed, with special focus on the definitions, accounting records, criteria of evaluation, consolidation needs and disclosure requirements. In the comparative chapter the main similarities and differences between the standards of the two countries are presented, followed by commentaries with opinions and recommendations. In the following chapters, called taxes aspects related to the operations of business combinations in Brazil and the United States, the main legal definitions related to the taxation of the capital gain and the possibilities of taxes deduction of the amortization of goodwill are evaluated. In the comparative chapter of the taxes aspects is presented where the criteria of the two countries are compared. The methodology was based in an exploratory research and in the comparative method. Finally, it was concluded there are not relevant differences between the accounting standards of the business combinations in the two countries, except for the amortization of goodwill and accounting record of negative goodwill. In relation to the taxes aspects, the tax deduction of goodwill is permitted in the two countries, however in different periods and the capital gain in the sale of the permanent investments is subject to taxation in both, but the Brazilian rules allow the tax planning. / Impulsionadas pelo acelerado fenômeno da globalização econômica, crescimento da competitividade, busca de sinergia, ganhos de escala e a exponencial evolução da tecnologia da informação, as empresas passaram a realizar cada vez mais transações internacionais, tais como: fusões, aquisições, joint ventures, emissão de título de dívida, lançamento de ações no exterior etc. Essas operações requerem troca de informações contábeis em linguagem internacional. Considerando-se os Estados Unidos um dos principais mercados financeiros mundiais, esta dissertação teve como objetivo principal a análise comparativa das normas contábeis e tributárias aplicáveis às operações de business combinations, nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil. Inicialmente, apresentam-se algumas estatísticas de operações de business combinations, seguidas de revisão conceitual e da literatura. Nos capítulos denominados procedimentos contábeis para as operações de business combinations nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil, analisam-se as principais normas contábeis vigentes em cada país sobre business combinations, com destaque para as definições, registro, critérios de avaliação, necessidades de consolidação e obrigatoriedade de divulgação. No capítulo comparativo, apresentam-se as principais similaridades e diferenças entre as normas dos dois países, seguidas de comentários, opiniões e recomendações. Nos capítulos seguintes, denominados aspectos tributários relacionados às operações de business combinations nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil, avaliam-se as principais definições legais relacionadas à tributação do ganho de capital e as possibilidades de dedução fiscal da amortização do ágio ou goodwill. No capítulo comparativo dos aspectos tributários, confrontam-se os critérios utilizados em cada um dos países. A metodologia foi fundamentada na pesquisa exploratória e no método comparativo. Finalmente, verifica-se que não há diferenças relevantes entre as normas contábeis para as operações de business combinations nos dois países, exceto quanto aos critérios para amortização do goodwill e registro do goodwill negativo. Em relação às normas tributárias, verifica-se que a dedução fiscal do goodwill é permitida nos dois países, mas em prazos diferentes, e que o ganho de capital na alienação de investimentos está sujeito à tributação em ambos, mas as normas brasileiras permitem o planejamento tributário.

The incorporation of a new technology, such as the Internet, into business processes can have an unexpected influence on those business processes. The study focused on the hypothesis that four entities (case studies) can account for their South African Internet-based sales transactions in a manner that complies with the requirements of GAAP. To address the hypotheses, the study was divided into the following research questions: • How do the four entities capture and record their South African Internet-based sales transactions? • Are these sales transactions accounted for in a manner that complies with the requirements of GAAP? To answer the first research question, data were collected from four entities. To answer the last research question, the data collected were compared with the requirements of GAAP to enable the study to conclude positively on the hypothesis. / Thesis (M.Com. (Accounting))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Final thesis "Issue of inventories in a company with business activities" contains in a summary bookkeeping of inventories and other problems connected with inventories - evaluation of inventories in various parts of business cycle, problems with stocktaking, ordering of inventories. Ivnentories and their evaluation is defined under both czech law and international standards. In the last part there is an example of concrete czech company which is a member of international corporation.

Diplomová práce ?Zásoby v obchodní společnosti? se zaměřuje na popis problematiky zásob v obchodní společnosti. Cílem práce je zanalyzovat současnou právní úpravu v oblasti účetnictví zásob v České republice, identifikovat potenciální problémy, obtíže či nesrovnalosti a zároveň tuto oblast porovnat s IFRS a US GAAP. Cílem práce není vyčerpávajícím způsobem popsat veškeré problémy, které se zásobami v obchodní společnosti přicházejí v úvahu. Zejména daňové aspekty jsou vysvětleny jen v základní rovině. Praktická část práce osvětluje problematiku účtování zásob na konkrétní obchodní společnosti, která je součástí mezinárodní korporace. V praktické části je také srovnáno účetnictví zásob podle českých účetních předpisů s účetnictvím podle US GAAP a navrženo řešení zjištěných nedostatků.

Práce se zabývá vymezením zásob, metodami evidence zásob a oceňováním zásob podle platné právní legislativy ČR, podle IFRS/IAS a US GAAP. V práci jsou teoretické poznatky srovnány s praxí vedenou u výrobní společnosti a formulovány doporučení k nápravě nepřesných postupů.

The thesis is focused on a comparison of IFRS and US GAAP rules for revenue recognition and measurement. Some topics are complemented by Czech accounting regulations appropriately. The practical part includes an analysis of recognition of expenses and revenues associated with customer loyalty programs by the airlines and futher an application of revenue recognition rules in SKANSKA Group. In the final chapter is outlined the expected development in the area of revenue recognition.

Thesis (M.Com. (Accounting))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine in depth the process of U.S. GAAP convergence to IFRS. The thesis begins by providing the history of convergence, which include all the measures that have led to the FASB’s and IASB efforts today. Some specific accounting issues that the FASB and IASB are working on in their joint projects to eliminate the differences are explored. The issues that the FASB and IASB need to cover in order to complete their efforts laid out in the Memorandum of Understanding, and even possibly adopting IFRS, are covered next. The risk implications if the United States were to adopt IFRS as it stands today are examined. There are numerous short-term risks if the U.S. adopts IFRS immediately, many of which include increased expenses for companies and more room for managerial manipulation of earnings. After disclosing the short-term risks, the long-term benefits of adopting IFRS, which include decreased costs from consolidation and increased comparability for users of financial statements, are highlighted. The thesis then covers the opinions submitted to the SEC about convergence or endorsement of IFRS. The conclusion includes interviews of three Deloitte professionals on their opinions of convergence, and my views based on my research.

The incorporation of a new technology, such as the Internet, into business processes can have an unexpected influence on those business processes. The study focused on the hypothesis that four entities (case studies) can account for their South African Internet-based sales transactions in a manner that complies with the requirements of GAAP. To address the hypotheses, the study was divided into the following research questions: • How do the four entities capture and record their South African Internet-based sales transactions? • Are these sales transactions accounted for in a manner that complies with the requirements of GAAP? To answer the first research question, data were collected from four entities. To answer the last research question, the data collected were compared with the requirements of GAAP to enable the study to conclude positively on the hypothesis. / Thesis (M.Com. (Accounting))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Diploma thesis researches the impacts of methodical processes of showing of leasing contracts of a lessee, which are in programme of convergence discussed by International Accounting Standards Board and the Financial Accounting Standards Board in the USA. Theoretical part of this thesis describes some leasing problems, current and a suggested method of showing leasing of a lessee. Practical part of this thesis focuses on an application of these suggested methodical procedures within some particular leasing contracts. One part of this thesis also contains a view, whether these suggested methodical procedures are suitable for small and medium companies.