Orientador: Antonio Celso Ramalho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T02:33:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Boock_EduardoCelsoPenna_M.pdf: 1116010 bytes, checksum: f216e0e25a190f1949d639de3fdb59a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1991 / Resumo: o autor estudou o efeito da aplicação de um substituto de saliva, à base de carboximetilcelulose, encontrado comercialmente, na ingestão láctea de ratos jovens sialoadenectomizados. Foram comparados os conteúdos gástricos de 120 ratos jovens controle (submetidos à cirurgia simulada) e sialoadenectomizados, sendo 60 submetidos ao tratamento com vaselina líqüida e 60 saliva artificial. As tecnicas de ablação das glândulas salivares e a aplicação dos preparados, bem como a pesagem do conteúdo gástrico foram descritas / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Fisiologia e Biofisica do Sistema Estomatognatico / Mestre em Ciências

Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) constitute the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which are disorders of chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract that are associated with significant morbidity and socioeconomic burden. IBD patients with long-standing intestinal inflammation are more prone to developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Until now, none of the existing IBD treatments is able to heal the mucosal ulcerations satisfactorily. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), which comprises of endogenous cannabinoid ligands, their receptors, and metabolic enzymes, has been implicated in gut homeostasis, visceral sensation, inflammation and gastrointestinal motility. Available studies in rodent models of IBD suggest that enhancing the ECS tone may reduce inflammation and improve mucosal integrity. This evidence indicates that the components of the ECS seem well positioned to exert a protective role in IBD and also to offer a great opportunity for therapeutic exploitation. Despite the role of the ECS in the gut, the presence and function of the components of the ECS is not well characterised in human IBD. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the state of the major components of the ECS in human IBD and to establish whether IBD is associated with any changes of the components of the ECS. Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, enzymes for endocannabinoid biosynthesis PLC, “LRAT”, NAPE-PLD and DAGL, and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes FAAH and MAGL were analysed from colonic tissue samples of CD, UC and control patients by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to determine the relative mRNA expression of the above genes. The RT-qPCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression of PLC, LRAT, and NAPE-PLD were unchanged in both CD and UC, whiles DAGL mRNA was decreased in UC but was unchanged in CD. The endocannabinoid degradation enzymes, FAAH mRNA expression was also unchanged in CD but decreased in UC, whereas the mRNA expression of MAGL was significantly decreased in both CD and UC. NAPE-PLD/FAAH and DAGL/MAGL ratios, an estimation of the balance of AEA and 2-AG levels, showed that AEA and 2-AG levels could be increased and unchanged, respectively, in IBD. The mRNA expression of CB1 was significantly decreased in CD and UC whilst CB2 mRNA expression was unchanged in both forms of IBD. The study demonstrated that the components of the ECS which were investigated were present in colonic tissues of both IBD patients and healthy individuals, but they appear to be off balance in CD and UC patients. The decreased CB1 receptors in IBD patients could be an important modifier in the disease and could also provide a possible pathoaetiological mechanism linking IBD and CRC. Although these findings look promising, more studies with larger sample size are required to characterise the components of the ECS in human IBD.

Orientador: Elizete Aparecida Lomazi da Costa Pinto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T13:04:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VerasNeto_MagnoCardoso_M.pdf: 1277080 bytes, checksum: 79819f766291c884cad1299f8efb29ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A constipação intestinal é um problema freqüente na população pediátrica e sua apresentação clínica expressa grande heterogeneidade. Um grupo de pacientes constipados apresenta constipação refratária ao tratamento habitual e os conceitos fisiopatológicos clássicos pouco contribuíram para os avanços terapêuticos desejáveis a esses pacientes. O reconhecimento de distúrbios da motilidade gastrointestinal pode contribuir para o entendimento da fisiopatologia da constipação intestinal em crianças. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os valores dos índices de contratilidade da vesícula biliar em crianças com constipação intestinal crônica funcional com aqueles de crianças sadias. Foi realizado estudo observacional, analítico e transversal, sendo selecionados como casos todos os pacientes com diagnóstico de constipação intestinal funcional, na faixa etária de 2 a 16 anos, em acompanhamento no ambulatório de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica do Hospital das Clínicas da UNICAMP no período de janeiro de 2004 a agosto de 2005. Os controles foram selecionados a partir de Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Campinas e região e pareados por sexo e idade. Casos e controles foram incluídos num protocolo de estudo e em seguida, foi realizado exame ultra-sonográfico pelo mesmo observador, mascarado e com registro dos índices de contratilidade. Foi considerado alterado o índice de contratilidade menor que 25%. Foram avaliados 132 casos e o mesmo número de controles. O índice de contratilidade da vesícula biliar apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos, sendo menor nos pacientes constipados (31,5 ± 16,9 vs. 41,6 ± 12,7; p<0,001). Não houve diferença significativa no índice de contratilidade da vesícula biliar dos pacientes constipados de acordo com a idade de início da constipação, hábito intestinal, presença de escape fecal ou impactação, sintomas digestivos e uso de laxativos. Concluímos que, para o grupo de pacientes estudados, a contratilidade da vesícula biliar mostrou-se menor. Deste modo, a constipação intestinal pode representar um distúrbio mais amplo da motilidade do trato gastrintestinal / Abstract: Intestinal constipation is a frequent condition in pediatric population. Clinical presentation is heterogeneous. A group of children has a refractory outcome despite habitual therapy. Clinical picture in these children may result from physiopathologic mechanisms related to gastrointestinal motility disorders. Gastrointestinal motility investigation in children with functional constipation may add useful information for managing refractory patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate gallbladder motility in constipated children. An observational, cross-sectional study design was conducted. Research period included patients seen from January, 2004 to August, 2005 in a pediatric outclinic of a School Hospital. All patients with functional constipation assisted in the period were included (age range: 2 - 16 years). The control group was selected from Pediatrics Outclinics which usually sent patients to the School Hospital. The control group was matched for sex and age. Patients were interviewed for filling a study protocol. Gallbladder contractility index, calculated from fast and post-prandial area, was calculated in children with refractory functional constipation, using an ultrassonographic method. Data were compared with results obtained in healthy children. Ultrassonography studies were performed by the same physician in a blinded way. One-hundred-thirty-two constipated children and the same number of healthy children were included. Contractility index from constipated children was inferior than index from healthy children (31,5 ± 16,9 vs. 41,6 ± 12,7, p<0,001). There was no significant difference in contractility index from constipated children analyzed for constipation duration, evacuation frequency, and occurrence of soiling or fecal impaction, laxatives use and clinical symptoms. In a group of children with refractory intestinal constipation the gallbladder motility is reduced when compared with healthy children. This phenomenon may light up the understanding about functional constipation in children / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

Antecedentes y propósito del estudio: La Hemorragia Digestiva Alta es una causa importante de ingreso hospitalario y constituye la principal emergencia gastroenterológica, con una tasa de mortalidad de hasta el 14%. En el Perú, no existen estudios sobre el uso del Puntaje de Blatchford para predecir mortalidad por Hemorragia Digestiva Alta. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la precisión diagnóstica del Puntaje de Blatchford y establecer su mejor punto de corte para predecir mortalidad por Hemorragia Digestiva Alta en un hospital de referencia nacional. Métodos: Estudio de precisión diagnóstica, analítico, longitudinal, de tipo retrospectivo, con datos de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico y endoscópico de Hemorragia Digestiva Alta atendidos en la Unidad de Hemorragia Digestiva del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, entre junio del 2012 y diciembre del 2013. Calculamos el área bajo la curva del Puntaje de Blatchford para predecir mortalidad, con un Intervalo de Confianza al 95%. Resultados principales: Un total de 339 registros fueron analizados. El 57,5% fueron varones y la edad media (± Desviación Estándar) fue de 67,0 (± 15,7) años. La mediana del Puntaje de Blatchford obtenido en la población fue de 12. El análisis ROC para mortalidad dio un área bajo la curva de 0,59 (IC95% 0,5-0,7). Se estratificó por tipo de Hemorragia Digestiva Alta, obteniendo un área bajo la curva de 0,66 (IC95% 0,53-0,78) para el tipo no variceal. Conclusiones: En la población estudiada, el Puntaje de Blatchford no posee una precisión diagnóstica adecuada para predecir mortalidad. / Tesis

No description available.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Pharmacology / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Pharmacology and Pharmacy / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

No description available.

Noncholinergic neurotransmission was studied in vitro in the guinea pig inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) using the technique of intracellular recording. First, the role of substance P (SP) in noncholinergic transmission was examined. Forty-four percent of IMG neurons depolarized upon superfusion of SP (1-10 x 10⁻⁷M); however, some neurons that were insensitive to SP still exhibited slow excitatory potentials (EPSPs) in response to nerve stimulation. During exposure to SP, slow EPSPs were depressed by 52% compared to paired control EPSPs. In animals treated with systemic doses of capsaicin (50-350 mg/kg), mean slow EPSP amplitude was 3.5 mV compared to 6.8 mV in untreated animals. Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) was tested for its electrophysiological effects on IMG neurons and synaptic transmission. AVP (0.5-10 x 10⁻⁷M) produced a depolarization in 67% of neurons, accompanied by an increase in membrane resistance of 44%. The depolarizations and increase in resistance were blocked by a specific V₁ receptor antagonist. During AVP-induced depolarizations, slow EPSPs were reversibly depressed in the majority of neurons by a mean of 71% relative to paired control EPSPs. The V₁ antagonist blocked slow EPSPs in only 10% of neurons tested. A group of neurons exhibiting slow EPSPs was exposed separately to both AVP and SP. Some neurons were exclusively sensitive to either SP or AVP, others were sensitive to both peptides, and still others were sensitive to neither peptide. The physiologic role of noncholinergic transmission was examined using a preparation consisting of a segment of distal colon attached to the IMG. Distension of the colon segment produced a slow depolarization resistant to cholinergic antagonists in 44% of IMG neurons. Distension-induced noncholinergic depolarizations increased in amplitude with colonic intraluminal pressure and with membrane hyperpolarization, and were accompanied by an increase in membrane input resistance of 21%. Capsaicin in vivo reduced the number of neurons exhibiting the noncholinergic mechanosensory depolarization, and in vitro capsaicin and SP desensitization reduced the amplitude of the depolarization. These results suggest that (1) both SP and AVP may be transmitters of noncholinergic potentials in the IMG, (2) some IMG neurons receive heterogeneous peptidergic innervation, and (3) noncholinergic transmission in the IMG is involved in sensory regulation of visceral autonomic function.

No description available.