Yes / Here, we present the draft genome sequence of Aeromonas caviae strain L12, which shows quorum-sensing activity. The availability of this genome sequence is important to the research of the quorum-sensing regulatory system in this isolate. / High Impact Research Grants from the University of Malaya (A000001-50001; UM-MOHE HIR Grant UM C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/CHAN/14/1, H-50001-A000027)

Yes / Dickeya chrysanthemi is well known as a plant pathogen that caused major blackleg in the European potato industry in the 1990s. D. chrysanthemi strain L11 was discovered in a recreational lake in Malaysia. Here, we present its draft genome sequence. / University of Malaya High Impact Research (HIR) Grants UM C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/CHAN/01 (grant no. A-000001-50001) and UM C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/CHAN/14/1 (grant no. H-50001-A000027)

Yes / Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain RB21 is a quorum-quenching bacterium that is able to degrade quorum-sensing signaling molecules. Here, we present the first complete genome sequence of L. fusiformis strain RB21. The finished genome is 4.8 Mbp in size, and the quorum-quenching gene was identified. / University of Malaya for High Impact Research (UM-MOHE HIR) grant UM C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/CHAN/01, no. A000001-50001 and grant UM C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/CHAN/14/1, H-50001-A000027

Submitted by KETERYNE RODRIGUES DA SILVA null (kethy-rs@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-18T13:44:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação PRONTA pdf.pdf: 2073917 bytes, checksum: a152ff76ebcbbec56c3a78a1d420c107 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-18T19:53:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_kr_me_rcla.pdf: 2073917 bytes, checksum: a152ff76ebcbbec56c3a78a1d420c107 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T19:53:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_kr_me_rcla.pdf: 2073917 bytes, checksum: a152ff76ebcbbec56c3a78a1d420c107 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O DNA pode estar organizado no genoma em sequências de cópias únicas e em sequências que se repetem várias vezes, denominadas sequências repetitivas. Estas sequências são constituídas basicamente por repetições em tandem (satélites, minissatélites e microssatélites) ou dispersas (transposons ou retrotransposons), e parecem estar envolvidas em diversos eventos celulares importantes, como por exemplo nos processos de replicação do DNA, de recombinação, de expressão gênica e de evolução dos cromossomos, auxiliando na manutenção e propagação do material genético celular. Em nível cromossômico parecem ser responsáveis por proporções significativas das variações cariotípicas observadas em diversos grupos. O gênero Ancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) apresenta atualmente 68 espécies nominais, e uma enorme quantidade de espécies ainda não identificadas. Alguns trabalhos vêm utilizando sequências repetitivas também em análises citogenéticas e moleculares para identificação de cromossomos homólogos e marcadores cariotípicos interessantes que podem auxiliar os trabalhos de identificação de espécies. Apesar de serem amplamente estudadas em diversos organismos, há ainda muito a ser entendido sobre essas sequências e sua organização no genoma. Este trabalho teve como objetivo isolar sequências repetitivas no genoma de espécies de Ancistrus, afim de encontrar possíveis marcadores para o gênero, que pudessem contribuir para o entendimento da taxonomia deste grupo, bem como auxiliar no entendimento do processo de evolução dos cromossomos sexuais dessas espécies. Dentre as sequências isoladas está um transposon da família TC1/mariner que se mostrou presente em todos os cromossomos das espécies analisadas e dois DNAs satélites que se apresentam acumulados em regiões centroméricas de alguns cromossomos. Sendo assim, este estudo resultou em dados que poderão contribuir com o entendimento da evolução cariotípica do gênero Ancistrus bem como fornecer mais informações sobre características e evolução dos cromossomos sexuais em peixes. / DNA may be organized in the genome as single copy sequences and as sequences that are repeated several times, called repetitive sequences. These sequences are basically constituted by tandem repeats (satellites, minisatellites and microsatellites) or scattered (transposons and retrotransposons), and seem to be involved in important cellular events such as, DNA replication process, recombination, gene expression and chromosome evolution, assisting in maintenance and spread the genetic material of cells. At chromosome level, seems to be significant proportions of karyotypic variations observed in several groups. The genus Ancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) has, actually, 68 nominal species and several species not identified yet. Repetitive sequences have been used in molecular cytogenetic analysis for identification of homologous chromosomes and interesting karyotypic markers that can assist in species identification works. Despite being widely studied in several organisms, there is still much to be understood about these sequences and their organization in the genome. This study aimed to isolate repetitive sequences in the genome of Ancistrusspecies in order to find possible markers for the genus, which could contribute to the understanding of the taxonomy of this group and to the understanding of the process of evolution of sex chromosomes of these species. Among the isolated sequences, there is a family of TC1/mariner transposon that showed to be present in all the chromosomes of the analyzed species, and two satellites DNAs that have accumulated in centromeric regions. Thus, this study resulted in data that could be contribute to understanding the karyotype evolution of Ancistrus genus as well as providing more information on the characteristics and evolution of sex chromosomes in fish.

Agronomic outcomes are the product of a plant's genotype and its environment. Genomic technologies allow farmers and researchers new avenues to explore the genetic component of agriculture. These technologies can also enhance understanding of environmental effects. With a growing world population, a wide variety of tools will be necessary to increase the agronomic productivity. Here I use massively parallel, deep sequencing of RNA (RNA-Seq) to measure changes in cotton gene expression levels in response to a change in the plant's surroundings caused by conservation tillage. Conservation tillage is an environmentally friendly, agricultural practice characterized by little or no inversion of the soil prior to planting. In addition to changes in cotton gene expression and biological pathway activity, I assay the transcriptional activity of microbial symbiotes living in and around the cotton roots. I found a large degree of similarity between cotton individuals in different treatments. However, under conventional disk tillage I did find significantly greater activity of cotton phosphatase and sulfate transport genes, as well as greater abundance of the microbes Candidatus Burkholderia brachynathoides and Arthrobacter species L77. This study also includes the use of high-throughput physical mapping of DNA to examine the genomic structure of a wild cotton species, Gossypium raimondii, which is closely related to the economically significant crop species Gossypium hirsutum. This technology characterizes genomic regions by assembling large input DNA molecules labeled at restriction enzyme recognition sites. I created an efficient algorithm and generated 812 whole genome assemblies from two datasets. The best of these assemblies allowed us to detect 3,806 potential misassemblies in the current release of the G. raimondii genome sequence assembly.

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the most common member of the viral genus Potyvirus to infect soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) worldwide. SMV has been traditionally controlled by the deployment of single dominant, strain specific resistance genes, referred to as Rsv genes. Rsv1 is the most widely used form of SMV resistance with nine different alleles conferring resistance only to the lower numbered less virulent strains, G1 to G3. Rsv3 gives resistance to higher numbered more virulent strains G5 to G7. Soybean lines containing Rsv4, are resistant to all seven currently recognized North American SMV strains. In this study, the recently released soybean whole genome sequence was used to design molecular markers for fine mapping Rsv3 to a ~150 kb genomic region containing four coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins. In a related study a large population segregating at the Rsv3 locus was screened for resistance to facilitate future characterization of this region. The markers identified in this study will allow for more accurate marker-assisted selection of Rsv3. / Master of Science

Burkholderia cenocepcia is one of the serious infectious agents of respiratory tract among cystic fibrosis patients. There are problems mainly with strains which are capable of epidemic spread. The known epidemic in the Czech Republic was caused by ST32 strain in the past. In this work, there was completed whole genome sequence of referential isolate 1232 of B. cenocepacia ST32 in cooperation with bioinformatics by new generation sequencing techniques and by determining the problematic areas by a combination of Sanger sequencing bioinformatics approaches and manual assembling of sequence reads localized in these areas. The final version of the genome sequence was annotated by PGAAP and at the present time it is finalized. Second part of this work is dedicated to looking for a prognostic marker of infection caused by ST32 strain in patients with cystic fibrosis. We analysed the results of ST32 trancriptomic experiment and chose genes possibly connected with the cepacia syndrome - serious, mostly fatal state of infection. By quantitative PCR we compared their expression in isolates from 4 patients from time of cepacia syndrome and month before that. We checked the possibility of direct detection of the expression of these genes in clinical material. We identified genes for type III secretion system as...

Puumala viruses, a member of the Hantavirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family, are enveloped by a lipid bilayer and possesses a tripartite single stranded RNA genome with negative polarity. The hantaviruses encode four proteins: a nucleocapsid protein (N), two membrane spanning glycoproteins (GN and GC) and a RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Hantaviruses cause two forms of diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe and Asia, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the Americas. The hantaviruses are mainly rodent borne, and humans are mostly infected by inhalation of aerosolized rodent secrete. Human Puumala virus infection results in nephropathia epidemica (NE), a mild haemorrhagic disease. It is of importance to have a good understanding of the epidemiology and genetics of these viruses for the development of new diagnostic methods and for future vaccine development. In this thesis we determined the complete viral genome sequence and characterized the structural proteins based on studies of expression and glycosylation patterns, for a unique human virus isolate; performed a genomic analysis of local Puumala viruses and their individual rodent host, Clethrionomys glareolus, from six different locations was performed. It was seen that the virus genetic variation between different locations could be stable over relatively large distances while there could be large variation over a short distance. For the bank voles no such variation could be seen; developed and evaluated Genetic vaccines, based on PCR-generated linear DNA. We showed that it was important to protect these fragments against nuclease degradation at that attachment of a nuclear localization signal peptide further improved the immune response. We also designed, fabricated and evaluated a 2000 probe cDNA-microarray for identification and differentiation of hantaviruses. The chips was based on 12 different strains of six hantaviruses and could differentiate between both different hantaviruses and strains within one hantavirus serotype.

The advent of efficient genome sequencing tools and high-throughput experimental biotechnology has lead to an enormous progress in life sciences. Among the most important innovations is the microarray technology. It allows to quantify the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously by measuring the hybridization from a tissue of interest to probes on a small glass or plastic slide. Before launching into microarray research it is important to recall that the characteristics of this data include a fair amount of noise and an atypical dimensionality (which makes difficult the use of classic statistics tools – experimental samples in the order of dozens and measured parameters in thousands or tens of thousands). Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is the development of adequate computational methods and algorithms, capable of extracting valuable biological knowledge from this type of data. Applications of microarray technology as a tool for gene expression analysis range from the assignment of functional categories for genes of unknown biological function (based on the analysis of genes with already established biological role), to precise and early diagnosis of different tumor malignancies. However, the main goal of computational analysis of gene expression data is the extraction of regulatory knowledge at genetic level that may be used to provide a broader understanding on the functioning of complex cellular systems. In this direction, revealing the structures of regulatory networks based of gene expression data becomes a pivotal task. The thesis contributes with a framework for the discovery of biological functional category of genes based on the synergy of ICA and a dynamic SOM-based clustering algorithm, that accurately finds groups of co-regulated genes, while identifying interesting regulatory signals within the data with the help of ICA decomposition. We also pursue the task of molecular characterization of different tumor types using gene expression profiling, by providing a novel method for tissue samples classification, based on an ensemble of classifiers sequentially trained on reweighted versions of the data. The algorithm, known as boosting, is adapted to peculiarities of gene expression data and employed in conjunction with SVMs. Additionally, the novel concept of finding predictive genes whose signatures are significant for phenotype discrimination is treated. Finally, the thesis presents a method developed for reverse-engineering gene regulatory networks based on recurrent neuro-fuzzy networks, which exploits the advantages of fuzzy-based models, in terms of results interpretability, and those of neural systems, in terms of computational power and time series prediction capabilities. / H έλευση ικανών υπολογιστικών εργαλείων για την μελέτη της γενομικής ακολουθίας και της ερευνητικής βιοτεχνολογίας υψηλής ανάλυσης, οδήγησε σε μια τεράστια πρόοδο στις επιστήμες ζωής. Μεταξύ των πιο σημαντικών καινοτομιών είναι η τεχνολογία μικροσυστοιχιών. H τεχνολογία αυτή επιτρέπει την ποσοτικοποίηση της έκφρασης χιλιάδων γονιδίων ταυτόχρονα, μετρώντας τον υβριδισμό από έναν ιστό ενδιαφέροντος έως σε δείγματα σε μικρό γυαλί η σε πλαστικά τσιπ. Πριν ξεκινήσουμε την έρευνα πάνω στις μικροσυστοιχίες είναι σημαντικό να θυμόμαστε ότι τα χαρακτηριστικά των δεδομένων αυτής περιλαμβάνουν αρκετό ποσό θορύβου και ένα μη τυπικό αριθμό διαστάσεων (το οποίο καθιστά δύσκολη την χρήση κλασσικών στατιστικών μεθόδων – μέγεθος δείγματος σε δωδεκάδες και μέγεθος χαρακτηριστικών σε χιλιάδες η δεκάδες η εκατοντάδες). Επομένως, ο κύριος στόχος αυτής της διδακτορικής εργασίας είναι η ανάπτυξη ικανών υπολογιστικών μεθόδων και αλγόριθμων έτσι ώστε να εξάγουν πολύτιμη βιολογική γνώση από τον συγκεκριμένο τύπο δεδομένων. Εφαρμογές της τεχνολογίας μικροσυστοιχιών σαν ένα εργαλείο για την ανάλυση έκφρασης γονιδίων ξεκινούν από την εύρεση και απόδοση λειτουργικών κατηγοριών για γονίδια άγνωστης βιολογικής λειτουργικότητας (βασισμένη στην ανάλυση των γονιδίων ήδη εδραιωμένου βιολογικού ρόλου) έως την ακριβή και πρώιμη διάγνωση διαφορετικών κακοήθων όγκων. Όμως ο κύριος στόχος της υπολογιστικής ανάλυσης της έκφρασης γονιδίων είναι η εξαγωγή ρυθμιζόμενης γνώσης στο γενετικό επίπεδο το οποίο μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί ώστε να παρέχει μία ευρύτερη κατανόηση της λειτουργίας πολύπλοκων κυτταρικών συστημάτων. Σε αυτή την κατεύθυνση, το να αναδεικνύεις τις δομές ρυθμιστικών δικτύων βασισμένων στην έκφραση γονιδίων γίνεται καίριο έργο. Η διδακτορική διατριβή συνεισφέρει στο πλαίσιο για την ανακάλυψη βιολογικά λειτουργικών κατηγοριών γονιδίων βασισμένη στην συνεργία της ΙCA και της δυναμικού βασισμένου στη SOM ομαδοποίηση αλγορίθμου η οποία με ακρίβεια βρίσκει ομάδες γονιδίων που συν-ρυθμίζονται ενώ παράλληλα αναγνωρίζει ενδιαφέροντα ρυθμιστικά σήματα μέσα στα δεδομένα με τη βοήθεια της ΙCA αποδόμησης. Eπίσης, προσανατολιζόμαστε στην εύρεση του μοριακού χαρακτηρισμού διαφορετικών τύπων όγκων χρησιμοποιώντας το προφίλ της γονιδιακής έκφρασης, βασισμένο σε ένα σύνολο κατηγοριοποιητών οι οποίοι εκπαιδεύτηκαν σειριακά σε επανασταθμισμένες παραλλαγές των δεδομένων. Ο αλγόριθμος, γνωστός και σαν boosting, έχει προσαρμοστεί στις ιδιαιτερότητες των δεδομένων έκφρασης γονιδίου και εφαρμόζεται σε συνδυασμό με τα SVMs. Επιπλέον, εξετάζεται η πρωτοποριακή τεχνική της εύρεσης προβλέψιμων τιμών των οποίων οι υπογραφές είναι σημαντικές για τον χαρακτηρισμό φαινότυπου. Τελικά, η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή παρουσιάζει μια μέθοδο που αναπτύχθηκε για αντίστροφα μηχανικά ελεγχόμενα από γονίδια νευρωνικά δίκτυα βασισμένα σε αναδρομικά νευρωνικά δίκτυα τύπου fuzzy, τα οποία αξιοποιούν τα πλεονεκτήματα των μοντέλων τύπου fuzzy σε βάση επεξηγηματικότητας αποτελεσμάτων, και αυτών των νευρωνικών δικτύων σε βάση υπολογιστικής δύναμης και ικανότητας πρόβλεψης χρονοσειρών.

Reverse genetics systems that are based on either viral transcripts or cDNA genome segments cloned in plasmids have recently been reported for some of the dsRNA viruses of the Reoviridae family, namely African horsesickness virus, bluetongue virus and orthoreovirus. For rotaviruses, three reverse genetics systems which only allow the manipulation of a single genome segment have been described. These rotavirus single genome segment reverse genetics systems are not true stand-alone systems because they require a helper virus and a recombinant virus selection step. A true selection-free, plasmid- only or transcript-based reverse genetics system for rotaviruses is lacking. This study sought to identify and characterise the factors that need to be understood and overcome for the development of a rotavirus reverse genetics system using mRNA derived from the in vitro transcription of a consensus nucleotide sequence as well as from double-layered particles. The consensus whole genome sequence of the prototype rotavirus DS-1 and SA11 strains was determined using sequenceindependent whole genome amplification and 454® pyrosequencing. For the rotavirus DS-1 strain, a novel isoleucine in a minor population variant was found at position 397 in a hydrophobic region of VP4. NSP1 contained seven additional amino acids MKSLVEA at the N-terminal end due to an insertion in the consensus nucleotide sequence of genome segment 5. The first 34 nucleotides at the 5'- terminus and last 30 nucleotides at the 3'-terminal end of genome segment 10 (NSP4) of the DS-1 strain were determined in this study. The consensus genome segment 11 (NSP5/6) sequence was 821 bp in length, 148 bp longer than previously reported. The 454® pyrosequence data for a rotavirus SA11 sample with no known passage history revealed a mixed infection with two SA11 strains. One of the strains was a reassortant which contained genome segment 8 (NSP2) from the bovine rotavirus O agent. The other ten consensus genome segments of the two strains could not be differentiated. Novel minor population variants of genome segments 4 (VP4), 9 (VP7) and 10 (NSP4) were identified. Molecular clock phylogenetic analyses of the rotavirus SA11 genomes showed that the two SA11 strains were closely related to the original SA11-H96 strain isolated in 1958. Plasmids containing inserts of the consensus cDNA of the rotavirus DS-1 strain were purchased and used to generate exact capped transcripts by in vitro transcription with a T7 polymerase. Wild-type transcripts of rotavirus SA11 were obtained from in vitro transcription using purified rotavirus SA11 double-layered particles. The purified rotavirus DS-1 and SA11 transcripts were transfected into BSR, COS-7 and MA104 cells. Work on MA104 cells was discontinued due their very low transfection efficacy. In BSR and COS-7 cells, rotavirus DS-1 and SA11 transcripts induced cell death. However, no viable rotavirus was recovered following attempts to infect MA104 cells with the BSR and COS-7 transfected cell lysates. The cell death was determined to be due to apoptotic cell death mechanisms. Immunostaining showed that the DS-1 genome segment 6 (VP6) and SA11 transcripts were translated in transfected BSR and COS-7 cells. Based on visual inspection, the translation seemed to be higher in the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) deficient BSR cells than in COS-7 cells. This suggested that the transfection of rotavirus transcripts induced an innate immune response which could lead to the development of an antiviral state. Therefore, the innate immune response to rotavirus transcripts was investigated in HEK 293H cells using qRT-PCR and western blot analyses. Results of this investigation showed that RIG-I, but not MDA5 sensed rotavirus transcripts in transfected HEK 293H cells. Furthermore, rotavirus transcripts induced high levels of cellular mRNA encoding the cytokines IFN-1β, IFN-λ1, CXCL10 and TNF-α. Other cytokines namely, IFN-α, IL-10, IL-12 p40 and the kinase RIP1 were not significantly induced. Inhibiting the RNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) reduced the induction of cytokines IFN-1β, IFN-λ1, CXCL10 and TNF-α, but the expression levels were not abrogated. The importance of a consensus sequence and the insights gained in the current study regarding the role of the innate immune response after transfection of rotavirus transcripts into cells in culture, should aid the development of a true rotavirus reverse genetics system. / Thesis (PhD (Biochemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013