No description available.

Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment ofthe requirements for the degree Master ofEducation in the Department ofCurriculum and Instructional Studies at the University of Zululand, 2000. / Fieldwork is regarded as an educational activity that takes place outside the classroom. It is a learning experience of outdoors which gives reality to the subject and saves it from being arid and theoretical. As such, fieldwork is regarded by most Geographers as being central to their teaching, research and as intrinsic to the very nature of being a Geographer. Through fieldwork Geography learners can become more participative, purposeful, enthusiastic and more positive in their learning. This study investigates the implementation of fieldwork in Geography teaching in Secondary schools. A broad overview of the literature on fieldwork in general and fieldwork in Geography education in particular, was analysed. Grade 8, 9 and 10 Geography syllabus was analysed to establish the extent to which the syllabus, as a guideline for teachers, promotes fieldwork in the teaching of Geography. Further more 50 questionnaires were distributed to 50 Geography teachers to find the extent to which they understood fieldwork and to establish whether it was implemented in schools or not. The principal findings of the study were: 1. Qualification did not mean competence - All the respondents were well qualified and they claimed to be knowledgeable about fieldwork and yet their excuses and explanation of their modus operandi clearly showed that few if any of these teachers undertook fieldwork. Amongst other excuses teachers complained about lack of time, ignorance of syllabus and lack of finances to support field excursions. 2. Poor communication between the school and the parents- The research revealed that there was poor support from parents on the activities pertaining to fieldwork. This was as a result of poor communication between the school and the parents. Parents were not part of the planning of the annual school activities and they were only told when money was needed to undertake field-trips. Hence, there was poor support from their side. From the findings of this research, it is evident that fieldwork in Geography teaching has an important place in the South African curriculum.

No description available.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf [126-134]). Also available in print.

Teacher education remains a significant issue affecting the quality of geography instruction in the United States. Teachers’ self-efficacy has been identified as a crucial factor for improving teacher education and promoting educational reform. This study intended to develop a better understanding of the relationships between teacher education programs and secondary history/social studies teachers’ self-efficacy regarding teaching geography, and other demographic factors that could be a possible influence on geography teachers’ self-efficacy. A quantitative research methodology was employed to measure geography teacher efficacy and to explore factors that influence geography teachers’ efficacy in order to identify ways in which preservice and in-service education might better prepare geography teachers. The instrument, the Geography Teaching Belief Instrument (GTEBI), used for data collection was an online survey that was modified from a Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI_A) to assess secondary history/social studies teachers’ perceptions of their self-efficacy in geography teaching. Data were gathered from secondary history/social teachers in Virginia. Critical influential factors, geography-related conferences (p<.014), approved teacher licensure education programs (p<.038), and years of teaching experience in geography (p<.004) were found to have a statistically significant relationship with personal geography teaching efficacy. Only the factor, years of teaching experience in geography (p<.002), was found to have a significant relationship with geography teaching outcome expectancy. Findings could result in better teacher education programs for secondary history/social studies teachers in geography teaching and lead to more effective curriculum and instructional practices in teaching geography, thus benefiting student achievement.

Ao longo das últimas décadas, o ensino de Geografia vem orientando-se com maior ênfase por meio de diretrizes sinalizadas pelo construtivismo pedagógico e as pedagogias progressistas e psicológicas, cujas premissas partem de centrar no aluno a construção do conhecimento e partir do cotidiano e dos arredores escolares para que possa ser significativo o saber geográfico. No entanto, perguntar se o conjunto desses pressupostos foi sempre o mesmo, e como ele chegou a ser o que é, conduz-nos a realizar uma História do presente, ou seja, partir de uma problemática atual para compreender em que momento ela se tornou um problema. Esta tese aponta que o campo contemporâneo da Geografia escolar não é natural, tampouco neutro, nem esteve desde sempre aí. Para ser o que é, teve que passar por inúmeros processos que estabeleceram a ordem do discurso geoescolar. Criado nesta pesquisa, este conceito parte do princípio de que não se pode falar sobre o quiser no ensino de Geografia, nem qualquer um pode fazê-lo; é necessário seguir regras, normas e prescrições, que delimitam o certo e o errado, o verdadeiro e o falso e, portanto, dizem como a aula deve ser. O movimento investigativo aqui desenvolvido partiu dessas alavancas não para entender as ideias compartilhadas na didática geográfica, e sim as condições de possibilidade, relações de poder e saber, que a instituíram. Um trabalho arqueológico e genealógico; sobretudo, uma perspectiva de trabalho pós-estruturalista ancorada nas teorizações de Michel Foucault. Por intermédio da descrição de arquivos subjacentes ao ensino de Geografia na primeira metade do século XX, questionando de onde se fala, como se fala e quem fala sobre ensino de Geografia, identificamos um discurso capitaneado pelo que chamamos da tríade queda/resgate/redenção, isto é, um elevado número de textos sequenciados pela denúncia recorrente ao método tradicional de ensino e tudo que ele envolve; a celebração de um projeto renovador operacionalizado pela Pedagogia ativa e as psicologias escolares; um ideal de final de história, representando por uma nação evoluída, tecnologicamente desenvolvida e voltada para o constante progresso. No entanto, não bastou descrever a constituição da ordem do discurso geoescolar; fundamental também foi o entendimento das práticas de poder e saber que a moldaram. Com hegemonia, infiltrou-se nessa formação discursiva uma constelação maior de objetos e conceitos que, advindos da emergência da acumulação flexível do capital, alicerçavam-se na necessidade de maior investimento em capital humano, isto é, sujeitos flexíveis, individualistas e consumidores, para manter em funcionamento os jogos econômicos de inspiração neoliberal. Balizada pela pedagogia do interesse, a metodologia de projetos, a interdisciplinaridade e as didáticas ativas, e tendo, como pano de fundo, o fatalismo da extinção, pode-se afirmar que, muitas vezes, a ordem do discurso geoescolar foi um mecanismo a serviço da economia de mercado. / Over the last decades, Geography teaching has been guided with greater emphasis through directives signaled by pedagogical constructivism and progressive and psychological pedagogies, whose premises depart from focusing on the student the construction of knowledge and departing from everyday life and from the school surroundings so that geographic knowledge can be significant. However, to ask whether the set of these assumptions has always been the same, and how it came to be what it is, leads us to realize a history of the present, that is, starting from a current problematic to understand in which moment it has become a problem. This thesis points out that the contemporary area of school Geography is not natural, nor neutral, neither has it ever been there. To be what it is, it had to go through numerous processes that established the order of geoschool discourse. Created in this research, this concept assumes that you can not talk about what you want in Geography teaching, nor can anyone do it; it is necessary to follow rules, norms and prescriptions, which delimit right and wrong, true and false, and therefore say how the class should be. The investigative movement developed here was based on these levers not to understand the ideas shared in geographical didactics, but rather the conditions of possibility, relations of power and knowledge that instituted it. Archaeological and genealogical work; above all, a post-structuralism work perspective anchored in the theories of Michel Foucault. Through the description of the archives underlying to the teaching of Geography in the first half of the XX century, questioning from where it speaks, how it speaks and who speaks about Geography teaching, we identify a discourse headed by what we call the triad of fall / rescue / redemption, That is, a high number of texts sequenced by recurrent denunciation of the traditional method of teaching and all that it involves; The celebration of a renewal project operationalized by active pedagogy and school psychology; an end-of-history ideal, represented by an evolved nation, technologically developed and geared towards constant progress. However, it was not enough to describe the constitution of the order of geoschool discourse; fundamental was also the understanding of the practices of power and knowledge that shaped it. With hegemony, was infiltrated in this discursive formation, a greater constellation of objects and concepts that, stemming from the emergence of flexible capital accumulation, were based on the need for greater investment in human capital, that is, flexible, individualistic and consumers subjects, to keep economic games of neoliberal inspiration running. Bounded by pedagogy of interest, methodology of project, interdisciplinarity and active didactics, and having, as a background, the fatalism of extinction, it can be affirmed that, often, the order of geoschool discourse was a mechanism at the service of the market economy.

A importância do uso de representações gráficas para o ensino e a pesquisa em Geografia é fundamental. Por meio destas representações é possível realizar análises sobre diversos tipos de informações geográficas, assim como as relações que podem ocorrer entre elas. No entanto, a maior parte das representações gráficas disponíveis está em formato impresso ou digital, ou seja, são elementos visuais, impossibilitando o acesso de pessoas com deficiência visual à informação. Os dados do Censo Escolar de 2013 apontam que mais de 90% dos estudantes com algum tipo de deficiência estão incluídos em salas regulares, a maior parte em Escolas Públicas. Estes dados demonstram a importância de fomentar debates sobre a educação inclusiva, sobretudo, com os professores da educação básica, para que práticas pedagógicas que realmente promovam a inclusão cheguem às salas de aula. Uma vez que os cursos de Licenciatura, de modo geral, não abordam de maneira satisfatória a inclusão de alunos com necessidades educativas especiais, os cursos para formação continuada de professores que propõem o uso da Cartografia Inclusiva em sala de aula podem representar renovações pedagógicas significativas não apenas para os alunos com deficiência visual, para os quais as práticas visuais são pouco motivadoras, adicionando mais uma dificuldade aos seus estudos, mas para todos os alunos. Assim a introdução da Cartografia Escolar, particularmente da linguagem gráfica tátil na formação de professores da Educação Básica pode contribuir para um Ensino Inclusivo de Geografia. A utilização de recursos gráficos táteis possibilita a superação de barreiras informacionais, contribuindo para a integração da pessoa com deficiência na escola, no trabalho e na vida diária, além de se transformar em um recurso didático passível de ser utilizado em todas as salas de aula e com todos os estudantes. Desenvolver materiais e métodos que ajudem no ensino de Geografia para todos, independentemente de suas diferenças, mas respeitando suas necessidades é um passo importante para a vivência plena do conceito de inclusão escolar. Esta tese de doutorado traz os resultados de 15 anos de reflexões teóricas, pesquisas e experiências práticas com formação de professores em Cartografia Tátil e teve como objetivo principal desenvolver uma metodologia para a formação de professores em Cartografia Tátil, inserida na área da Geografia Inclusiva, a partir da análise das experiências já realizadas com oficinas e cursos ministrados para formação de professores, nos últimos 10 anos. Foram sistematizadas e analisadas as experiências com formação de professores em Cartografia Tátil realizadas no Brasil e no Chile no período de 2006 a 2015. A tese apresenta também uma discussão sobre o processo de educação continuada para qualificação do professor de Geografia, particularmente com relação à possibilidade de conhecimento e incorporação das produções acadêmicas mais recentes na área de Cartografia Inclusiva às práticas cotidianas dos professores e ao final foi desenvolvida uma proposta didática para oficinas de formação continuada para professores, assim como uma proposta para a estrutura e o conteúdo de um caderno de orientação para o professor. / The importance of using graphical representations for teaching and research in geography is fundamental. By means of these representations is possible to perform analyses on various types of geographical information, as well as the relationships that can occur between them. However, most of the graphical representations are available in print or digital, i.e. they are Visual elements, preventing the access of people with visual disabilities to information. The 2013 School Census data indicate that more than 90% of the students with some type of disability are included in regular rooms, mostly in public schools. These data demonstrate the importance of stimulating debates on inclusive education, especially teachers of basic education, so that pedagogical practices that truly promote inclusion arrive to classrooms. Once the Degree courses generally do not satisfactorily address the inclusion of students with special educational needs, courses for continuing education of teachers who propose the use of cartography in Inclusive classroom can represent significant pedagogical renovations not only for students with visual impairment, for which Visual practices are little motivating by adding one more difficulty to your studies, but for all students. So the introduction of School Cartography, particularly tactile graphic language in the training of teachers of basic education can contribute to an inclusive teaching of geography. The use of tactile graphics resources enables the overcoming of informational barriers, contributing to the integration of the disabled person at school, at work and in daily life, in addition to becoming an educational resource to be used in all classrooms and all students. Develop materials and methods that help in teaching Geography for everyone, regardless of their differences, but respecting your needs is an important step for the full experience of the concept of school inclusion. This thesis brings the results of 15 years of theoretical reflections, research and practical experiences with teacher training in Tactile Cartography and had as main objective to develop a methodology for the training of teachers in Tactile Cartography, inserted in the area of Inclusive Geography, from the analysis of the experiences already carried out with workshops and courses for teacher training in the last 10 years. Systematized and analyzed the experiences with teacher training in cartography carried out in Brazil and Tactile in Chile during the period from 2006 to 2015. The thesis also presents a discussion on the continuing education process for qualification of professor of geography, particularly with regard to the possibility of knowledge and incorporation of the latest academic productions in the area of Inclusive practices everyday Cartography of the teachers and the end was developed a didactic proposal for continuing training workshops for teachers, as well as a proposal for the structure and content of a book of guidance for the teacher.

Em busca de uma abordagem interdisciplinar para o ensino de Geografia, articulada à Fotografia e Língua Portuguesa, este trabalho considera a importância de pesquisas teóricopráticas no ambiente escolar, é fruto da aplicação de uma sondagem diagnóstica com professores da Educação Básica sobre sua concepção e prática quanto ao uso dos recursos audiovisuais, em um primeiro momento; e da aplicação de uma sequência didática por gênero discursivo textual em duas classes de Ensino Fundamental II, na segunda fase do campo empírico. Como pressupostos principais, consideramos a Geografia como ciência que apresenta às crianças e adolescentes conceitos científicos que as permitem entender o espaço geográfico em que vivem e as múltiplas relações que se dão nele; a Fotografia como técnica e linguagem imagética precursora de amplos avanços nos meios de comunicação de massa, inventariante visual da história do mundo e da história de nosso olhar sobre o mundo, além de ter contribuído desde seu surgimento para as metamorfoses da percepção que ainda vivemos; e, a Língua Portuguesa, assim como as demais linguagens verbais orais escritas, bases da estruturação do pensamento e do desenvolvimento de conceitos espontâneos e científicos, intrínsecos à formação da autonomia intelectual e discursiva humana. Detectou-se neste estudo a dificuldade dos professores em conceber e utilizar os recursos audiovisuais, e dentre eles a Fotografia, como uma linguagem imagética que tem uma gênese histórica, oriunda de múltiplos avanços da ciência, passível de ser instrumento para enunciados de sujeitos discursivos e de significação e argumentação a partir de sua relação com a linguagem verbal escrita, portadora e geradora de conceitos. Inclusive os professores estão em descompasso com a realidade de ampla disseminação de tecnologias e linguagens imagéticas, uma vez que elas já fazem parte de seu meio sociocultural e do cotidiano das crianças e adolescentes da gerações atuais, porém os professores têm uma lacuna na formação e não estão capacitados para utilizá-las de forma complexa e associada aos conceitos científicos das disciplinas escolares para propiciar melhor desenvolvimento das funções intelectuais de seus alunos. Com as atividades de leitura de Fotografias dos contextos geográficos Caatinga e Amazônia associada à expressão pela linguagem verbal escrita, obtivemos o resultado de que os alunos das duas classes de 6ª série trabalhadas, têm acesso massificado e banalizado à Fotografia, e conceitos espontâneos sobre a mesma, o que não garante sua conceitualização profunda, percepção clara e precisa de dados visuais ou a inferência e correlação de dados geográficos a partir de fotografias. A fluência na linguagem verbal escrita e a capacidade de linguagem de argumentação se mostrou determinante para o entendimento do conteúdo da linguagem imagética, uma vez que sem a palavra e o conceito formados na mente, a criança tende a se perder na polissemia da imagem fotográfica e não articula hierarquizações, generalizações e sistematizações típicas do pensamento científico e fica limitada aos conceitos espontâneos e à imprecisão sensorial da visão. Nas considerações finais esboçamos uma proposta de Mapa Técnico-Analítico e Mapa Conceitual de fotografias para próximas pesquisas aplicadas ao ensino-aprendizagem de Geografia e outras disciplinas escolares. / In the search of an interdisciplinary approach for Geography teaching, articulated to Photography and the Portuguese Language, this work considers the importance of theoreticalpractical research inside school environments, and it is the result of a diagnostic survey with teachers of Elementary Education on their concepts and practice with audiovisual resources, at first; and the application of a textual discoursive genres didactic sequence in two Elementary School classes, the second phase of our practice. Our main assumptions are: Geography as a science that presents to children and adolescents scientific concepts that allow them to understand the geographical space they live in and the multiple relations ocurring in it; Photography as a precursory technique and imagetical language responsible to large advances in mass media communications, a visual gatherer of the history of the world and of the history of our vision about the world, besides contributing since its emergence to the methamorphosis of perception we are still living; and Portuguese Language, just as the other verbal languages, as the basic structures of thought and the development of spontaneous and scientific concepts, intrinsical to the formation of intellectual and discoursive human autonomy. We detected in this study the difficulty of the teachers to conceive and utilize the audiovisual resources, and among them Photography, as an imagetical language that has a historical origin, derived from multiple advances in science, wich can be a tool for utterances of discoursive subjects and of significance and argumentation from its relation with verbal language, bearer and generator of concepts. Teachers are out of step with the reality of broad propagation of imagetical technology and languages, even though it\'s part of their sociocultural environment and from nowadays children\'s and adolescents\' quotidian, although teacher have a gap in their formation and are not qualified to use them in a complex way and associated to the scientific concepts of the school disciplines to provide a better development of the intellectual functions of their students. With the \'reading\' activities over photographs of the geographical contexts of Caatinga and Amazônia associated to the verbal language expression, we obtained the result that the students of the two classes of the 6th Grade we dealt, have massified access to Photography and even spontaneous concepts on it, but that doesn\'t guarantee their profound conceptualization, clear and precise perception of visual data or the inference or correlation of geographical data from photographs. The fluence at the written verbal language and the language capacity of argumentation revealed itself determinant for the understanding of the imagetical language, since that without the formation of word and the concept forged in its mind, the children tends to get lost at the polysemy of the photographic image and don\'t articulate hierarquizations, generalizations and sistematizations typical of the scientific thought and stays limited to the spontaneous concepts and to the sensorial imprecision of the eye vision. At last we outline a proposal of Technical- Analytical Map and Conceptual Map of photographs for further research applied to teaching and learning Geography and other school disciplines.

<p><font face="Times New Roman"> <p align="left">This study explores the effect of English as medium of instruction in Geography teaching in Grade 11. It focuses on classroom interaction where both the teachers and learners have limited proficiency in the language of instruction. It reflects on the challenges experienced by Afrikaans speaking teachers in mediating Geography lessons to isiXhosa speaking learners in Grade 11 at one secondary school in the Western Cape.</p> </font></p>

<p><font face="Times New Roman"> <p align="left">This study explores the effect of English as medium of instruction in Geography teaching in Grade 11. It focuses on classroom interaction where both the teachers and learners have limited proficiency in the language of instruction. It reflects on the challenges experienced by Afrikaans speaking teachers in mediating Geography lessons to isiXhosa speaking learners in Grade 11 at one secondary school in the Western Cape.</p> </font></p>